I get 2 types of linking erros.
One is about "multiply defined symbols"
The other is about something like "symbol stats has different sizes in"
I cannot understand how to solve them.
Could you please help me ?
[elxr] (error) symbol isalnum multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isalpha multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isblank multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol iscntrl multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isdigit multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isgraph multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol islower multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isprint multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol ispunct multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isspace multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isupper multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isxdigit multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol tolower multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol toupper multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isascii multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol toascii multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isalnum multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isalpha multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isblank multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol iscntrl multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isdigit multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isgraph multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol islower multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isprint multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol ispunct multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isspace multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isupper multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isxdigit multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol tolower multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol toupper multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isascii multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol toascii multiply defined in:
objs\kernel\syslog.o
objs\kernel\cfdp_server.o
[elxr] (error) symbol isalnum multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isalpha multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isblank multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol iscntrl multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isdigit multiply defined in:
objs\kernel\syslog.o
objs\kernel\syslog_server.o
[elxr] (error) symbol isgraph multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol islower multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isprint multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol ispunct multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isspace multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isupper multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isxdigit multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol tolower multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol toupper multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isascii multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol toascii multiply defined in:
objs\kernel\syslog.o
objs\kernel\syslog_server.o
[elxr] (warning) symbol stats has different sizes in:
objs\kernel\syslog.o
..\GHS\int507\bilge8260\libitcpip.a(v3main.o)
[elxr] (error) symbol isalnum multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isalpha multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isblank multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol iscntrl multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isdigit multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isgraph multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol islower multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isprint multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol ispunct multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isspace multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isupper multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isxdigit multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol tolower multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol toupper multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol isascii multiply defined in:
[elxr] (error) symbol toascii multiply defined in:
objs\kernel\syslog.o
lib\pus\libpus.a(os_abstract.o)
[elxr] (warning) symbol stats has different sizes in:
..\GHS\int507\myBSP\libitcpip.a(v3main.o)
lib\pus\libpus.a(os_abstract.o)
[elxr] (warning) symbol stats has different sizes in:
..\GHS\int507\myBSP\libitcpip.a(v3main.o)
lib\pus\libpus.a(pus.o)
[elxr] (error) errors during processing
Error: build failed
Build failed (Fri Oct 14 17:27:31 2011)
I am guessing your using two different header files where the following symbols are defined.
The clash regarding symbol stats has different sizes in, must also be due to the same issue.
Eg. If module 1 is cplusplus based and has iostream.h included and module 2 is C based and has stdio.h included, and if i combine module 1 and module 2 to create a single module, issues such as __STDOUT, __STDIN, __STDERR is multiply defined will show up. I presume the issue reported is similar.
Related
This question already has answers here:
What is the difference between a definition and a declaration?
(27 answers)
Closed 5 years ago.
I have two .c files, one of them has the definition of x, and the other file is using x, as follows:
file1.c:
int x;
//other code...
main.c:
int main(void)
{
printf("%d", x);
}
Now, when I compile this code, I get the following compilation error message:
In function 'main':
error: 'x' undeclared (first use in this function)
So, if a global variable (in this case x) is 'extern' by default, then why can't main.c file see x?
When I now go to main.c and define x, so that main.c now looks like:
int x=9; //This line was added.
int main(void)
{
printf("%d",x);
}
And also initialize x in file1.c, the program doesn't compile and I get the following error message:
error: ld returned 1 exit status
So, if main.c can't see x that is in file1.c, then this time what is the problem?
Is this a linking error?
Note that when I add
extern int x;
in main.c, the problem disappears.
Each compilation unit (in this case your individual .c files) is compiled separately. The compiler needs to know the storage class of x in order to handle it, so your first error (undeclared) comes from the compiler not knowing what x is. The compiler does not need to know where x lives.
When you then link your compiled objects together, the linker resolves any external names (including x in main.c if you've marked it extern) and the final executable will then have all its variables in known places. If it finds 2 extern symbols with the same name, then it will fail, giving you your second error (error: ld returned 1 exit status).
You must declare you variable in main.c, so the compiler knows about it: extern int x. The compiler said it to you: error: 'x' undeclared
You added the second definition of x in main.c, the first definition you did in file1.c. The linker informed you about ambiguity between two definitions. You could read the error above the line error: ld returned 1 exit status
I'm trying to use float or double values in my ring0 c application, but im getting the Linker ERRORs:
Fehler LNK1120 1 nicht aufgelöste Externe
Fehler LNK2001 Nicht aufgelöstes externes Symbol "_fltused".
float test = 1.2;
How can i solve this error?
Your compiler inserts a dependency on _fltused to force you to link with a float support library. Do you have such a library capable of running in ring0?
I have below in-line assembly code. I am getting a compilation error "error: invalid 'asm': operand number missing after %-letter" at each line where %hi, %lo present.
void func()
{
__asm__ (
"lis %%r4, %hi(%0);"
"ori %%r4,%%r4,%lo(%0);"
"stw r3, 0(%%r4);"
"lis %%r4, %hi(%0);"
"ori %%r4,%%r4,%lo(%0);"
"lis %%r3, %hi(%1);"
"ori %%r3,%%r3,%lo(%1);"
"stw %%r3, 0(%%r4);"
::"r"(var1), "r"(var2));
}
On further analysis i found that inline assembly expects a number(%0, %1...) whenever it finds a % symbol. So changed all % to %%(its just a blind shot), then ended up in getting many like the one shown below.
{standard input}: Assembler messages:
{standard input}:3394: Error: bad expression
{standard input}:3394: Error: syntax error; found `h', expected `,'
{standard input}:3394: Error: junk at end of line: `hi(%r9)'
{standard input}:3394: Error: bad expression
{standard input}:3394: Error: syntax error; found `l', expected `,'
{standard input}:3394: Error: junk at end of line: `lo(%r9)'
{standard input}:3394: Error: bad expression
after a lot of efforts i came to know that there is some problem if we use %hi() or %lo in inline assembly code. If i remove %hi and %lo from my code its getting compiled. Can anyone suggest me how to use %hi() and %lo inside a inline assembly code?
GNU AS does not support %hi() and %lo(). Instead, it uses #h and #l suffixes on the symbols to denote the high and low parts. Also note you can't use that with register operands, and you used r constraint.
I have below inline assembly code. But when i try to compile it, It throws error mentioned after the code snippet.
unsigned int func(void)
{
__asm__ ("mfspr r3, svr;");
}
Below are the errors.
{standard input}: Assembler messages:
{standard input}:3349: Error: unsupported relocation against r3
{standard input}:3349: Error: unsupported relocation against svr
{standard input}:3375: Error: unsupported relocation against r3
{standard input}:3375: Error: unsupported relocation against svr
{standard input}:3510: Error: unsupported relocation against r3
{standard input}:3510: Error: unsupported relocation against svr
{standard input}:3517: Error: unsupported relocation against r3
{standard input}:3517: Error: unsupported relocation against svr
Can anyone help me fixing these?
Apparently gas has no built-in support for these registers. In order to use those you should either define them yourself or use their indexes explicitly like:
mfspr 3, <some_index_here>
Alternatively you could include: ppc_asm.tmpl.
If your core is an e500 then svr index would be 1023.
You should specify inputs and outputs explicitly. As written, your ASM block may be optimized out!
unsigned int func(void)
{
unsigned x;
__asm__("mfspr %0, svr" : "=b"(x));
return x;
}
The compiler is smart enough to figure out that the register should be r3. (That's one of the compiler's main jobs: register allocation to minimize extra moves.)
If you leave out the output specification, and then compile with optimization enabled, you may find that your function is empty, without the mfspr opcode anywhere to be found.
At least some of the errors will go away if you pass -mregnames option to the assembler. (-Wa,-mregnames). gas 2.19 supports the following symbolic register names for PPC (from binutils-2.19/gas/config/tc-ppc.c):
/* List of registers that are pre-defined:
Each general register has predefined names of the form:
1. r<reg_num> which has the value <reg_num>.
2. r.<reg_num> which has the value <reg_num>.
Each floating point register has predefined names of the form:
1. f<reg_num> which has the value <reg_num>.
2. f.<reg_num> which has the value <reg_num>.
Each vector unit register has predefined names of the form:
1. v<reg_num> which has the value <reg_num>.
2. v.<reg_num> which has the value <reg_num>.
Each condition register has predefined names of the form:
1. cr<reg_num> which has the value <reg_num>.
2. cr.<reg_num> which has the value <reg_num>.
There are individual registers as well:
sp or r.sp has the value 1
rtoc or r.toc has the value 2
fpscr has the value 0
xer has the value 1
lr has the value 8
ctr has the value 9
pmr has the value 0
dar has the value 19
dsisr has the value 18
dec has the value 22
sdr1 has the value 25
srr0 has the value 26
srr1 has the value 27
The table is sorted. Suitable for searching by a binary search. */
This is the helpful error message that gas emits when it is trying to say that it doesn't know that "r3" and "svr" are the names of registers. gas expects numbers instead of register names for register operands. You'd get similar error messages if you tried
__asm__ ("mfspr foo, fum;");
In other words, gas is interpreting the register names as arbitrary symbols.
I have no idea what the problem is. I am trying to build my project for release but the linker complains about not finding external symbols.
The thing that's odd is that I copy & pasted all include paths and dependencies from the Debug into the Release build configuration and double checked it.
get_PC_definition() is e.g. declared in cpudefs.h:
/* Return register definition of instruction pointer */
extern RegisterDefinition * get_PC_definition(Context * ctx);
There are a few implementations of this function - which one I chose is controled by macros so yes, I defined all necessary macros too:
RegisterDefinition * get_PC_definition(Context * ctx) {
static RegisterDefinition * reg_def = NULL;
if (!context_has_state(ctx))
return NULL;
// and so on ..
return reg_def;
}
cpudefs.obj gets build so far but the Linker just mocks around .. maybe I am already blind to the error but like I said, I copied the configurations from the Debug into the Release build configuration.
Any ideas what I could try?
Error output:
Error 43 error LNK1120: 9 unresolved externals C:\svn\AgentSib\Release\agentsib.exe agentsib
Error 31 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _get_PC_definition C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\registers.obj agentsib
Error 32 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _get_PC_definition C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\runctrl.obj agentsib
Error 34 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _get_PC_definition C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\symbols_cdb.obj agentsib
Error 35 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _get_PC_definition C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\cpudefs.obj agentsib
Error 36 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _get_PC_definition C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\expressions.obj agentsib
Error 37 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _get_PC_definition C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\funccall.obj agentsib
Error 38 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _get_PC_definition C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\profiler_sst.obj agentsib
Error 41 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _BREAK_INST referenced in function _get_break_instruction C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\cpudefs.obj agentsib
Error 27 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cpu_bp_get_capabilities referenced in function _context_get_supported_bp_access_types C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\context-sib.obj agentsib
Error 30 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cpu_bp_on_resume referenced in function _sib_resume C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\context-sib.obj agentsib
Error 28 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cpu_bp_plant referenced in function _context_plant_breakpoint C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\context-sib.obj agentsib
Error 29 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cpu_bp_remove referenced in function _context_unplant_breakpoint C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\context-sib.obj agentsib
Error 42 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _crawl_stack_frame referenced in function _trace_stack C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\stacktrace.obj agentsib
Error 33 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _get_PC_definition referenced in function _command_get_children_cache_client C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\stacktrace.obj agentsib
Error 39 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _ini_cpudefs_mdep referenced in function _ini_cpudefs C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\cpudefs.obj agentsib
Error 40 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _regs_index referenced in function _get_reg_by_dwarf_id C:\svn\AgentSib\AgentSib\cpudefs.obj agentsib
Edit:
Calling function get_PC_definition()
static int set_debug_regs(Context * ctx, int check_ip, int * step_over_hw_bp) {
int i;
int ret;
uint32_t dr7 = 0;
ContextAddress ip = 0;
ContextExtensioni8051 * dext = EXT(ctx);
ContextExtensioni8051 * bps = EXT(context_get_group(ctx, CONTEXT_GROUP_BREAKPOINT));
RegisterDefinition *reg_def = NULL;
ret = 0;
if (check_ip) {
*step_over_hw_bp = 0;
reg_def = get_PC_definition(ctx);
ret = context_read_reg(ctx, reg_def, 0, reg_def->size, &ip);
if ( ret < 0 )
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
This question "Visual Studio 2010's strange "warning LNK4042"" had the solution to my problem.
After all it was a linker problem caused by the compiler..
Under Configuratoin Properties >> C/C++ >> Output Files >> Object File Name I used for both configurations $(IntDir) whereas it worked for Debug but not for Release. Does anybody know why?
Changing it to
$(IntDir)\%(RelativeDir)
was the solution that saved my day.