How do I iterate through an array of structs? - c

I have this hashmap I want to implement.
typedef void * Data;
typedef struct {
Data data; //Data pointer to the data
char * key; //char pointer to the string key
} HashMapItem;
typedef struct hashmap {
HashMapItem * items; //items of the hashmaps
size_t size; //size of the hashmaps
int count; //how many elements are in the hashmap
} HashMap;
I declare it like so:
HashMap * create_hashmap(size_t key_space){
if(key_space == 0)
return NULL;
HashMap * hm = malloc(sizeof(HashMap)); //allocate memory to store hashmap
hm->items = calloc(key_space, sizeof(HashMapItem)); //allocate memory to store every item inside the map, null it
hm->size = key_space; //set sitze of hashmap
hm->count = 0; //empty at the begining
return hm;
}
When i try to iterate through it, it says that
expression must have arithmetic or pointer type but has type "HashMapItem" even though i declare it as a pointer of HashMapItems
if((hm->items)[index] != NULL)
Any idea?

typedef void * Data;
Never hide pointers behind typedefs. It is a very, very bad practice.
How to iterate.
typedef struct {
void *data; //Data pointer to the data
char * key; //char pointer to the string key
} HashMapItem;
typedef struct hashmap {
HashMapItem * items; //items of the hashmaps
size_t size; //size of the hashmaps
size_t count; //how many elements are in the hashmap
} HashMap;
void foo(HashMap *map)
{
for(size_t i = 0; i < map -> count; i ++)
{
puts(map -> items[i].key);
}
}
PS count member should be also size_t
EDIT. Below is wrong as hm->items)[index] has type HashMapItem and it is not pointer. You cant compare it to NULL.
if((hm->items)[index] != NULL)

Related

How to initialize a hashmap in c?

I need to initialize a hashmap in C. I have created structs for hashnode and hashmap which will be shown below, but I need to send it to a function
void hashmap_init(hashmap_t *hm, int table_size);
and I need to initialize the hash map 'hm' to have given size and item_count 0. Have to ensure that the 'table' field is initialized to an array of size 'table_size' and filled with NULLs.
typedef struct hashnode {
char key[128];
char val[128];
struct hashnode *next;
} hashnode_t;
typedef struct {
int item_count;
int table_size;
hashnode_t **table;
} hashmap_t;
#define HASHMAP_DEFAULT_TABLE_SIZE 5
Use malloc() to allocate an array of table_size buckets.
void hashmap_init(hashmap_t *hm, int table_size) {
hm->item_count = 0;
hm->table_size = table_size;
hm->table = malloc(table_size * sizeof *(hm->table));
for (int i = 0; i < table_size; i++) {
hm->table[i] = NULL;
}
}
If you need to remove the hash map, you reverse the allocations:
for (int i = 0; i < hm->table_size; i++) {
free(hm->table[i]);
}
free(hm->table);

Returning a dynamically allocated array of structures from a function in C?

typedef struct {
List *table;
unsigned int size;
} HashTable;
typedef struct node {
Data data;
struct node *next;
} NODE;
struct listptrs {
NODE *tail;
NODE *head;
NODE *prev;
NODE *current;
};
typedef struct listptrs List;
HashTable createHashTable(unsigned int size) {
//HashTable htable = { 0 };
//return htable;
int i;
HashTable *htable = NULL;
htable = malloc(sizeof(HashTable) * size);
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
htable[i].table = malloc(sizeof(List));
htable[i].table->current = NULL;
htable[i].table->head = NULL;
htable[i].table->prev = NULL;
htable[i].table->tail = NULL;
htable[i].size = size;
}
return *htable;//???
}
Then in main:
HashTable htable = createHashTable(tableSize);
htable doesn't act like an array at all. Any ideas how to solve it without changing any return value from the function and arguments for functions? This is part of a school assignment and only the contents of the function createHashTable may be changed. The rest of the program is not here because it isn't relevant to the question.
You maybe want this:
HashTable *createHashTable(unsigned int size)
{
//HashTable htable = { 0 };
//return htable;
int i;
HashTable* htable = NULL;
htable = malloc(sizeof(HashTable)* size);
for(i=0; i<size; i++)
{
htable[i].table = malloc(sizeof(List));
htable[i].table->current = NULL;
htable[i].table->head = NULL;
htable[i].table->prev = NULL;
htable[i].table->tail = NULL;
htable[i].size = size;
}
return htable;
}
As you allocate the array dynamically, you can simply return the newly allocated pointer. Returning a HashTable as you were trying doesn't make senses, because this would allow you to return one single HashTable, but you want to return a whole array of HashTables.
Usage:
Instead of:
HashTable htable = createHashTable(tableSize);
You need this:
HashTable *htable = createHashTable(100);
...
... // when done you need to delete the hashtable
deleteHashTable(htable);
The deleteHashTable is yet to be written, It essentially needs to free the table pointer and to free the table itself.
Now if you really are allowed to change only the contents of the createHashTable function but not the function signature, then your question doesn't make sense because with the function signature HashTable createHashTable(unsigned int size) you can only return one HashTable but not an array of HashTables.
But then maybe you actually want this:
HashTable createHashTable(unsigned int size)
{
HashTable htable = { 0 };
int i;
for(i=0; i<size; i++)
{
htable[i].table = malloc(sizeof(List));
htable[i].table->current = NULL;
htable[i].table->head = NULL;
htable[i].table->prev = NULL;
htable[i].table->tail = NULL;
htable[i].size = size;
}
return htable;
}
With this second solution, you still need to write the function that deletes the hash table.
The hash table itself isn't supposed to "behave like an array", and this:
return *htable;
makes no sense, it returns the first element from your array of hash tables.
You're not supposed to create an array of hash tables though, you're supposed to create a single hash table, which might contain an array (that's the table). It also has a size variable for instance, so there's more than the array itself to the hash table.
You should do
htable = malloc(sizeof *htable);
to allocate a single instance, then initialize that as needed and return it.
There seems to be some confusion here: createHashTable() is not supposed to allocate an array of hash tables, but a HashTable structure with an initial size for its embedded table member.
Furthermore, it is non standard practice to return the structure by value. You should instead return the pointer to the allocated HashTable or possibly take a pointer to HashTable structure allocated dynamically or statically by the caller and initialize that.
Here is a modified version of the code for this approach:
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
List *table;
unsigned int size;
} HashTable;
typedef struct node {
Data data;
struct node *next;
} NODE;
struct listptrs {
NODE *tail;
NODE *head;
NODE *prev;
NODE *current;
};
typedef struct listptrs List;
HashTable *createHashTable(unsigned int size) {
HashTable *htable = malloc(sizeof(*htable));
if (htable == NULL)
return NULL;
}
htable->size = size;
htable->table = NULL;
if (size == 0) {
return htable;
}
htable->table = malloc(sizeof(*htable->table) * size);
if (htable->table == NULL) {
free(htable);
return NULL;
}
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
htable->table[i].head = NULL;
htable->table[i].tail = NULL;
htable->table[i].prev = NULL;
htable->table[i].current = NULL;
}
return htable;
}
Calling from main():
HashTable *htable = createHashTable(100);

How to allocate memory for a structure inside another structure?

I have 2 structures in my C code. I want to write a hash function with these 2 structures. So I want to initialize my data null in first case. My code is
struct HashNode
{
char username[20];
char password[20];
};
struct HashTable
{
int size;
struct HashNode *table;
};
HashTable *initializeTable(int size)
{
HashTable *htable;
if (size < MIN_TABLE_SIZE)
{
printf("Table Size Small\n");
return NULL;
}
htable = (HashTable *)malloc(sizeof(Hashtable));
if (htable == NULL)
{
printf("memory allocation pblm\n");
return NULL;
}
htable->size = size;
}
How can I allocate memory for htable->table with that size? I have code in C++ like htable->table = new HashNode [htable->size];. How can I write this in C using malloc?
You can allocate the memory in this way
htable->table = malloc(size*sizeof(HashNode))

C: Structs: How do I assign the size of an array when creating an instance of the struct?

Say I have this struct
typedef struct list
{
int index
node *arr[]
}
Is there any way to assign the size of the node array when creating the struct of type list?
If you are allocating objects dynamically, then you can use flexible arrays, which are part of C99 and later:
struct list
{
int index;
size_t num_elements;
node * arr[]; // note the empty "[]"
};
Usage:
struct list * p = malloc(sizeof(struct list) + n * sizeof(node *));
p->index = 101;
p->num_elements = n;
for (size_t i = 0; i != p->num_elements; ++i)
{
p->arr[i] = create_random_pointer();
}
// ...
free(p);

initialization of flexible array of struct pointers in a struct in c

I'm learning hashtable data structures and I want to make a hashtable with a flexible length array of pointers to struct Link (linked list pieces), so that hashtable initialization will set the array to be a length input into the initialization function.
At first I was getting the error "flexible array not at the end of struct". When its at the end (as shown) the program crashes (but it still compiles). This is my code:
typedef struct Link{
int key;
char *name;
struct Link *next;
} Link;
typedef struct HashTable{
int numberOfEntries;
int numberOfBuckets;
Link *Table[];
} HashTable;
HashTable *hashtableInit(int size){
HashTable *newHT = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));
if (newHT != NULL){
newHT->numberOfEntries = 0;
newHT->numberOfBuckets = size;
for (int i = 0; i < newHT->numberOfBuckets; i += 1){
newHT->Table[i] = NULL;
}
return newHT;
} else {
printf("Error in memory allocation.\n");
fflush(stdout);
return NULL;
}
}
}
It works if I set the array to a constant and input the same value into the init function:
#define SIZE 11
typedef struct Link{
int key;
char *name;
struct Link *next;
} Link;
typedef struct HashTable{
Link *Table[SIZE];
int numberOfEntries;
int numberOfBuckets;
} HashTable;
HashTable *hashtableInit(int size){ // works if SIZE is passed into function as size parameter
HashTable *newHT = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));
if (newHT != NULL){
newHT->numberOfEntries = 0;
newHT->numberOfBuckets = size;
for (int i = 0; i < newHT->numberOfBuckets; i += 1){
newHT->Table[i] = NULL;
}
return newHT;
} else {
printf("Error in memory allocation.\n");
fflush(stdout);
return NULL;
}
}
}
The second code block works perfectly. Any insights would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time.
Chris
You should allocate memory as
HashTable *newHT = malloc(sizeof *newHT + size * sizeof newHT->Table[0]);
Your
HashTable *newHT = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));
is wrong, because no space is given for the flexible array member. Should probably be
HashTable *newHT = malloc(sizeof(HashTable)+size*sizeof(Link*));

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