I'm following tutorial from the official Microsoft learning page (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/tutorial-qdk-explore-entanglement?pivots=ide-azure-portal) about quantum entanglement.
Basically, I copied an example posted there and I am getting error:
QS5026 The variable "numOnesQ1" cannot be reassigned here. In conditional blocks that depend on a measurement result, the target QuantinuumProcessor only supports reassigning variables that were declared within the block.
I understand what it says but it's just a copy from the official Microsoft tutorial. Am I missing something simple like imports, wrong settings? If not, how can I in other way set variables declared outside conditional blocks that depend on a measurement result?
Here is my code:
namespace Quantum.QuantumDream {
open Microsoft.Quantum.Canon;
open Microsoft.Quantum.Intrinsic;
operation GetRandomResult() : Result {
use q = Qubit();
H(q);
return M(q);
}
#EntryPoint()
operation TestBellState(count : Int, initial : Result) : (Int, Int, Int, Int) {
mutable numOnesQ1 = 0;
mutable numOnesQ2 = 0;
// allocate the qubits
use (q1, q2) = (Qubit(), Qubit());
for test in 1..count {
SetQubitState(initial, q1);
SetQubitState(Zero, q2);
// measure each qubit
let resultQ1 = M(q1);
let resultQ2 = M(q2);
// Count the number of 'Ones':
if resultQ1 == One {
set numOnesQ1 += 1;
}
if resultQ2 == One {
set numOnesQ2 += 1;
}
}
// reset the qubits
SetQubitState(Zero, q1);
SetQubitState(Zero, q2);
// Return number of |0> states, number of |1> states
Message("q1:Zero, One q2:Zero, One");
return (count - numOnesQ1, numOnesQ1, count - numOnesQ2, numOnesQ2 );
}
operation SetQubitState(desired : Result, target : Qubit) : Unit {
if desired != M(target) {
X(target);
}
}
}
This tutorial code is only supposed to run on a local simulator (using %simulate magic commands in a Jupyter Notebook). From the error message, it looks like you've tried to run it on one of Quantinuum targets, which have some limitations on the kinds of things you can do in the code. To run equivalent code on Quantinuum, you'd need to define an operation for just the body of the loop (preparing a state and measuring it) and run it as a job - the cloud targets will take care of the loop themselves, running your code multiple times and returning to you a histogram of the results. For an example, you can see the QRNG sample in the samples gallery in Azure Portal.
Related
I have a large contract and I am in the process of splitting it out into two. The goal is to have the functions that are common (and will be used by many other contracts) to be separated out for efficiency.
One of these functions compares items in arrays "ownedSymbols" and "targetAssets". It produces a list "sellSymbols" if any item in "ownedSymbols" is not in "targetAssets".
The below code works fine while "sellSymbols" is stored as a string. As this function will become common, I need it to run in memory so the results aren't confused by calls from different contracts.
pragma solidity >0.8.0;
contract compareArrays {
string[] public ownedSymbols = ["A","B","C"];
string[] public targetAssets = ["A","B"];
string[] sellSymbols;
event sellListEvent(string[]);
function sellList(string[] memory _ownedSymbols, string[] memory _targetAssetsList) internal {
sellSymbols = _ownedSymbols;
for (uint256 i = 0; i < _targetAssetsList.length; i++) {
for (uint256 x = 0; x < sellSymbols.length; x++) {
if (
keccak256(abi.encodePacked((sellSymbols[x]))) ==
keccak256(abi.encodePacked((_targetAssetsList[i])))
) {
if (x < sellSymbols.length) {
sellSymbols[x] = sellSymbols[sellSymbols.length - 1];
sellSymbols.pop();
} else {
delete sellSymbols;
}
}
}
}
emit sellListEvent(sellSymbols);
}
function runSellList() public {
sellList(ownedSymbols,targetAssets);
}
}
Ideally the function would run with "string[] memory sellSymbols", however this kicks back an error.
pragma solidity >0.8.0;
contract compareArrays {
string[] public ownedSymbols = ["A","B","C"];
string[] public targetAssets = ["A","B"];
event sellListEvent(string[]);
function sellList(string[] memory _ownedSymbols, string[] memory _targetAssetsList) internal {
string[] memory sellSymbols = _ownedSymbols;
for (uint256 i = 0; i < _targetAssetsList.length; i++) {
for (uint256 x = 0; x < sellSymbols.length; x++) {
if (
keccak256(abi.encodePacked((sellSymbols[x]))) ==
keccak256(abi.encodePacked((_targetAssetsList[i])))
) {
if (x < sellSymbols.length) {
sellSymbols[x] = sellSymbols[sellSymbols.length - 1];
sellSymbols.pop();
} else {
delete sellSymbols;
}
}
}
}
emit sellListEvent(sellSymbols);
}
function runSellList() public {
sellList(ownedSymbols,targetAssets);
}
}
The error:
TypeError: Member "pop" is not available in string memory[] memory outside of storage.
--> contracts/sellSymbols.sol:20:25:
|
20 | sellSymbols.pop();
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Two questions from me:
Is there a way to do this in memory so that the function can be common (i.e. used by multiple contracts at the same time)?
Is there a better way? The below is expensive to run, but it is the only way I have been able to achieve it.
One final comment - I know this would be much easier/cheaper to run off chain. That is not something I am willing to consider as I want this project to be decentralized.
If you want to keep the existing system, the best solution is described here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/49054593/11628256
if (x < sellSymbols.length) {
sellSymbols[x] = sellSymbols[sellSymbols.length - 1];
delete sellSymbols[myArray.length - 1];
sellSymbols.length--;
} else {
delete sellSymbols;
}
If all you care about is the presence or absence of a particular asset (and not enumerating through them), what you're going to want to do to really reduce gas costs is something called "lazy evaluation." Lazy evaluation is when instead of computing all results at once (like increasing all balances by 50% by iterating over an array), you modify the getters so that their return value reflects the operation (such as multiplying an internal variable by 50% and multiplying the original result of getBalance by that variable).
So, if this is the case, what you want to do is use the following function instead:
function except(string _item, mapping(string => bool) _ownedSymbols, mapping(string => bool) _targetAssets) internal returns (bool) {
return _ownedSymbols[_item] && !_targetAssets[_item];
}
<pet peeve>
Finally, I know you say you want this to be decentralized, but I really do feel the urge to say this. If this is a system that doesn't need to be decentralized, don't decentralize it! Decentralization is great for projects that other people rely on - for example, DNS or any sort of token.
From your variable names, it seems that this is probably some sort of system similar to a trading bot. Therefore, the incentive is on you to keep it running, as you are the one that gets the benefits. None of the problems that decentralization solves (censorship, conflict of interest, etc...) apply to your program, as the person running it is incentivized to keep it running and keep a copy of the program. It's cheaper for the user running it to not have security they don't need. You don't need a bank-grade vault to store a $1 bill!
</pet peeve>
This is my first year of vex. I am taking on the role of programmer.
I have had this idea for rapid autonomous creation, recording the driver. Instead of the usual array/debugger dump of raw streams of power levels, I had the idea of extracting functions from driver movement.
I wont go into the details, and I can code it myself, but I need some help.
There is one thing I am unable to do simply because of my lack of coding experience.
I want to create a for loop that checks every joystick button one by one.
For example:
struct button
{
bool pressed;
}
for(int i = 0; i>12; i++) //12 is number of buttons on the joystick
{
struct button button<cycle through buttons>;
}
I want there to then be:
struct button button6U;
struct button button6D;
struct button button6R;
etc.
Then, I want this:
for(int i = 0; i>12; i++) // 12 is number of buttons on the joystick
{
if(VexRT[<currentButton>])
{
button<currentButton>.pressed = true;
}
}
I have no idea how to do this, with a wildcard modifing the actual variable name I am writing to.
A couple thoughts:
A for statement would have no idea how to advance the order of joystick buttons. So something I think I might need is:
orderOfButtons
{
VexRT[6U];
VexRT[6D];
VexRT[6R];
// etc.
}
I just cant seem to figure out how to have a variable defining what VexRT[]button I am reading from.
Any help would be appreciated!
Thanks.
Sounds like you want an array:
#define NUMBER_OF_BUTTONS 12
...
struct button VexRT[NUMBER_OF_BUTTONS];
If you want to use symbolic constants to refer to specific buttons in the array, you can use an enumeration:
enum btn_id { BTN_6U, // maps to 0
BTN_6D, // maps to 1
BTN_6R, // maps to 2
...
}
Enumeration constants are represented as integers, and by default they start at 0 and increment by 1. You can initialize them to different values if you want, and multiple enumeration constants can map to the same value. I take advantage of this when I want to identify a "first" and "last" enumeration for looping, like so:
enum btn_id {
BTN_6U,
BTN_FIRST = BTN_6U, // both BTN_FIRST and BTN_6U will map to 0
BTN_6D,
BTN_6R,
...
BTN_whatever,
BTN_LAST
};
Thus, VexRT[BTN_6U] maps to VexRT[0], VexRT[BTN_6D] maps to VexRT[1], etc.
Note that this way, you don't have to loop through all the buttons just to set one:
enum btn_id currentButton = BTN_6D;
...
VexRT[currentButton].pressed = true;
If you do want to loop through the whole set, you can use
for ( enum btn_id i = BTN_FIRST; i < BTN_LAST; i++ )
{
VexRT[i].pressed = false;
}
So, what you want is to sample the user input (at some specified rate), then record it into an array, then play that back at a later time? If you have functions that drive the VEX (I'm not familiar with that), each of which are associated with an input, you can use an array of function pointers to create your output.
#define MAX_ACTION 12
#define MAX_RECORDED 200
// Declare your array of function pointers
int (*action[MAX_ACTION])(void);
// Declare your stored array of recorded actions
int recorded[MAX_RECORDED];
...
// Assign function pointers to associated functions
action[0] = go_forward;
action[1] = turn_right;
...
// Record your actions into some array
while (...)
{
// Record the action
recorded[i++] = get_action();
// Sample delay
}
...
// Playback the actions
for (i=0;i<RECORDED;i++)
{
(*action[recorded[i]])();
// delay here
}
P.S. Your for loop is backward (i<12 not i>12).
I think you are trying to access the events coming from the joystick. You can just loop through the array of values and record them. I think the channels on the joystick are simply accessed like: vexRT[x] where x is 1-12. If you just want to store the latest value from each channel you could do this:
int value[12];
for(i=0; i<12; i++)
{
value[i] = vexRT[i];
}
If you want to store all of the values so that you can map them or play them back or something then you will need a more complex data structure to store them, like a list of the value arrays.
I also have found documentation that says the values are accessed by like vexRT[Chx] where x is 1-12, so you could alternatively create a string and use it to access the joystick channels inside your loop:
string *s = (char *)malloc(5*sizeof(char)); //5 is the max length of the null terminated string
for() . . . {
sprintf(s,"Ch%d", i);
value[i] = vertRT[s];
}
String color1 = moreColors.get(0);
String color2 = moreColors[0];
System.assertEquals(color1, color2);
// Iterate over a list to read elements
for(Integer i=0;i<colors.size();i++) {
// Write value to the debug log
System.debug(colors[i]);
}
I am learning Apex and just started what is meaning of line System.assertEquals(color1, color2); and what is mean by debug log here?
System.assert, System.assertEquals, System.assertNotEquals. I argue these are three of the most important method calls in Apex.
These are assert statements. They are used in testing to validate that the data you have matches your expectations.
System.assert tests an logical statement. If the statement evaluates to True, the code keeps running. If the statement evaluates to False, the code throws an exception.
System.assertEquals tests that two values are equal. If the two are equal, the code keeps running. If they are not equal, the code throws an exception.
System.assertNotEqual tests that two values are not equal. If the two are not equal, the code keeps running. If they are equal, the code throws an exception.
These are critical for completing system testing. In Apex Code, you must have 75% line test coverage. Many people do this by generating test code that simply covers 75% of their lines of code. However, this is an incomplete test. A good test class actually tests that the code does what you expect. This is really great to ensure that your code actually works. This makes debugging and regression testing far easier. For example. Lets create a method called square(Integer i) that squares the integer returned.
public static Integer square( Integer i ) {
return i * i;
}
A poor test method would simply be:
#isTest
public static void test_squar() {
square( 1 );
}
A good test method could be:
#isTest
public static void test_square() {
Integer i;
Integer ret_square;
i = 3;
ret_square = square( i );
System.assertEquals( i * i; ret_square );
}
How I would probably write it is like this:
#isTest
public static void test_square() {
for( Integer i = 0; i < MAX_TEST_RUNS; i++ ) {
System.assertEquals( i*i, square( i ) );
}
}
Good testing practices are integral to being a good developer. Look up more on Testing-Driven Development. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development
Line by Line ...
//Get color in position 0 of moreColors list using the list get method store in string color1
String color1 = moreColors.get(0);
//Get color in position 0 of moreColors list using array notation store in string color2,
//basically getting the same value in a different way
String color2 = moreColors[0];
//Assert that the values are the same, throws exception if false
System.assertEquals(color1, color2);
// Iterate over a list to read elements
for(Integer i=0;i<colors.size();i++) {
// Write value to the debug log
System.debug(colors[i]);//Writes the value of color list ith position to the debug log
}
If you are running this code anonymously via the Developer console you can look for lines prefixed with DEBUG| to find the statements, for e.g.
16:09:32:001 USER_DEBUG 1|DEBUG| blue
More about system methods can be found at https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_methods_system_system.htm#apex_System_System_methods
NOTE: See amended post below re: Hardware mirroring
I have written two Swift functions that toggle the display mirroring in OSX. Both work; the difference between them is just syntax when dealing with pointers. For the convenience of those interested in learning how to toggle mirroring in Swift, I have included the text of the playground file below.
My question is about memory allocation. Here is the section of interest:
toggleMirroringUgly
// allocate space for array
let displayListPtr = displayIDListPtr.alloc(Int(displayCount)) //see typealias above
// fill the list
postError(CGGetActiveDisplayList(displayCount, displayListPtr, &activeCount))
toggleMirroring
// allocate space for list of displays
var displayIDList = Array<CGDirectDisplayID>(count: Int(displayCount), repeatedValue: kCGNullDirectDisplay)
// fill the list
postError(CGGetActiveDisplayList(displayCount, &displayIDList, &activeCount))
CGGetActiveDisplayList is a low-level function call that relies on data being arranged in consecutive memory locations. I am reasonably confident that “alloc” from the ugly version is contiguous. Empirically, it seems that the “Array(…)” call is also contiguous, but can I rely on that always being true (e.g., if the number of displays grows)? Is this assumption about the Swift array initializer poor form?
Here’s all the code; apologies for formatting issues. Note that only one of the two functions should be called; otherwise, you’ll end up where you started.
//: Playground - noun: a place where people can play
import Cocoa
// apparently not defined in Swift version of SDK 10.11 (XCode 7.3.1), so add manually
let kCGNullDirectDisplay = CGDirectDisplayID(0)
let kCGDirectMainDisplay = CGMainDisplayID() // not used here, just for the record
let maxDisplays:UInt32 = 20 // not used
var onlineCount:UInt32 = 0 // not used
func postError(error : CGError){
if error != CGError.Success {
print("got an error")
}
}
// this toggles all active displays, online or not
func toggleMirroring(){
var displayCount:UInt32 = 0
var activeCount:UInt32 = 0
//var onlineCount:UInt32 = 0 //not used
//get count of active displays (by passing nil to CGGetActiveDisplayList
postError(CGGetActiveDisplayList(0, nil, &displayCount))
if displayCount < 2 { return } // no point in any mirroring functions
//***
// allocate space for list of displays
var displayIDList = Array<CGDirectDisplayID>(count: Int(displayCount), repeatedValue: kCGNullDirectDisplay)
// fill the list
postError(CGGetActiveDisplayList(displayCount, &displayIDList, &activeCount))
//***
// determine if mirroring is active
// hack to convert from boolean_t (aka UInt32) to swift's bool
let displaysMirrored = CGDisplayIsInMirrorSet(CGMainDisplayID()) != 0
// set master based on current mirroring state
// if mirroring, master = null, if not, master = main display
let master = (true == displaysMirrored) ? kCGNullDirectDisplay : CGMainDisplayID()
// start the configuration
var configRef:CGDisplayConfigRef = nil //swift 3 syntax
postError(CGBeginDisplayConfiguration(&configRef));
for i in 0..<Int(displayCount) {
let currentDisplay = CGDirectDisplayID(displayIDList[i])
if CGMainDisplayID() != currentDisplay {
CGConfigureDisplayMirrorOfDisplay(configRef, currentDisplay, master);
}
}
if (false){ // change to true in order to execute the toggle
postError(CGCompleteDisplayConfiguration (configRef,CGConfigureOption.Permanently))
}
// The first entry in the list of active displays is the main display. In case of mirroring, the first entry is the largest drawable display or, if all are the same size, the display with the greatest pixel depth.
// The "Permanently" option might not survive reboot when run from playground, but does when run in an application
}
func toggleMirroringUgly(){
// just to decrease eye strain
typealias displayIDListPtr = UnsafeMutablePointer<CGDirectDisplayID>
typealias configurationRefPtr = UnsafeMutablePointer<CGDisplayConfigRef>
//get count of active displays (by passing nil to CGGetActiveDisplayList
postError(CGGetActiveDisplayList(0, nil, &displayCount))
if displayCount < 2 { return } // no point in any mirroring functions
// ***
// allocate space for array
let displayListPtr = displayIDListPtr.alloc(Int(displayCount)) //see typealias above
// fill the list
postError(CGGetActiveDisplayList(displayCount, displayListPtr, &activeCount))
// ***
// determine if mirroring is active
// hack to convert from boolean_t (aka UInt32) to swift's bool
let displaysMirrored = CGDisplayIsInMirrorSet(CGMainDisplayID()) != 0
// set master based on current mirroring state
// if mirroring master = null, if not, master = main display
let master = (true == displaysMirrored) ? kCGNullDirectDisplay : CGMainDisplayID()
// make room for the configuration reference
let configRefPtr = configurationRefPtr.alloc(1) //see typealias above
// start the configuration
postError(CGBeginDisplayConfiguration (configRefPtr));
for i in 0..<displayCount {
let currentDisplay = CGDirectDisplayID(displayListPtr[Int(i)])
if CGMainDisplayID() != currentDisplay {
CGConfigureDisplayMirrorOfDisplay(configRefPtr[0], currentDisplay, master);
}
}
if (false){ //change to true in order to flip the mirroring
// make it happen
postError(CGCompleteDisplayConfiguration (configRefPtr[0],CGConfigureOption.Permanently));
}
// The first entry in the list of active displays is the main display. In case of mirroring, the first entry is the largest drawable display or, if all are the same size, the display with the greatest pixel depth.
// The "Permanently" option might not survive reboot when run from playground, but does when run in an application
}
toggleMirroring()
Arrays don't necessarily use contiguous storage. There is a ContiguousArray type which you can use if you are so inclined, but you'll still need to deal with the possible difference between your maximum size and the actual size returned after the final call to CGGetActiveDisplayList.
One way of cleaning this up might be to make a custom convenience initializer for Array:
extension Array {
init<Size: IntegerType>(
fillingBufferOfSize maxSize: Size,
#noescape fillBuffer: (buffer: UnsafeMutablePointer<Element>, count: inout Size) throws -> ()) rethrows
{
let maxSizeAsInt = Int(maxSize.toIntMax())
let buf = UnsafeMutablePointer<Element>.alloc(maxSizeAsInt)
defer { buf.dealloc(maxSizeAsInt) }
var actualCount: Size = 0
try fillBuffer(buffer: buf, count: &actualCount)
self.init(UnsafeBufferPointer(start: buf, count: Int(actualCount.toIntMax())))
}
}
Then you can use Array(fillingBufferOfSize: ...):
var maxActive: UInt32 = 0
CGGetActiveDisplayList(0, nil, &maxActive)
let displays = Array(fillingBufferOfSize: maxActive) { (buffer, count) in
CGGetActiveDisplayList(maxActive, buffer, &count)
}
I upgraded my computer with a new video card and NVIDIA drivers and discovered my code above no longer works fully - turns mirroring on but not off. Apparently, there's an option for drivers to use hardware or software mirroring, and that changes the coding. I post below a revised version.
It has only been tested on my system (10.12.2) and card (GTX 980Ti), but I think the logic should accommodate software mirroring and fairly recent OS versions as well. If you have more than 2 displays, you can probably modify it, with heroic effort, to mirror arbitrary combinations. My code will just mirror whatever is considered the main display (or the lowest rez one, in software mirroring) on all the others.
Although jbandes' note re: ContiguousArray was informative, it does not work in this case - see the comments in the code. This code assumes that the allocated array of UInt32s will be contiguous. (Too much work to get fancy with malloc and casting, but this is not production ready.)
Good luck to the 2 people who might be interested!
//: Playground - noun: a place where people can play
import Cocoa
import Foundation
func postError(_ error : CGError){
if error != CGError.success {
print("got an error")
}
}
func disableHardwareMirroring(){
// designed for hardware mirroring with > 1 display
// should be no penalty for running with only 1 display, using either hardware or software mirroring drivers
// but not tested
// start the configuration
var configRef:CGDisplayConfigRef? = nil
postError(CGBeginDisplayConfiguration(&configRef))
// only interested in the main display
// kCGNullDirectDisplay parameter disables hardware mirroring
CGConfigureDisplayMirrorOfDisplay(configRef, CGMainDisplayID(), kCGNullDirectDisplay)
// may not be permanent between boots using Playgroud, but is in an application
postError(CGCompleteDisplayConfiguration (configRef,CGConfigureOption.permanently))
}
func toggleMirroring(){
var displayCount:UInt32 = 0
var activeCount:UInt32 = 0 //used as a parameter, but value is ignored
//var onlineCount:UInt32 = 0 //not used
//get count of active displays (by passing nil to CGGetActiveDisplayList
postError(CGGetActiveDisplayList(0, nil, &displayCount))
if displayCount == 1 {
// either it's hardware mirroring or who cares?
disableHardwareMirroring()
return
}
// allocate space for list of displays
// tried to use ContiguousArray, but CGGetActiveDisplayList requires Array<CGDirectDisplayID> parameter
// ContiguousArrays cannot be typecast to Arrays (at least not easily)
var displayIDList = Array<CGDirectDisplayID>(repeating: kCGNullDirectDisplay, count: Int(displayCount))
// fill the list
postError(CGGetActiveDisplayList(displayCount, &(displayIDList), &activeCount))
// determine if mirroring is active (only relevant for software mirroring)
// hack to convert from boolean_t (aka UInt32) to swift's bool
let displaysMirrored = CGDisplayIsInMirrorSet(CGMainDisplayID()) != 0
// set master based on current mirroring state
// if mirroring, master = null, if not, master = main display
let master = (true == displaysMirrored) ? kCGNullDirectDisplay : CGMainDisplayID()
// start the configuration
var configRef:CGDisplayConfigRef? = nil
postError(CGBeginDisplayConfiguration(&configRef))
for i in 0..<Int(displayCount) {
let currentDisplay = CGDirectDisplayID(displayIDList[i])
if CGMainDisplayID() != currentDisplay {
CGConfigureDisplayMirrorOfDisplay(configRef, currentDisplay, master)
}
}
postError(CGCompleteDisplayConfiguration (configRef,CGConfigureOption.permanently))
// The first entry in the list of active displays is the main display. In case of mirroring, the first entry is the largest drawable display or, if all are the same size, the display with the greatest pixel depth.
// The "Permanently" option might not survive reboot when run from playground, but does when run in an application
}
if (false) { // change to true to run the code, false to edit
toggleMirroring()
}
I'm trying to make a bomb catching game (I'm actually using the code from the AS3 Classroom in a Book on arrays). As soon as I changed the word fruit to bomb in the code I got error 1007. With the exception of changing basket_mc to eod_mc and fruit to bomb (I used command-F and replaced with case sensitive on) I haven't changed much. It worked with eod_mc, but doesn't with bomb.
var bombArray:Array = new Array(bomb);
var bombsOnstage:Array = new Array();
var bombsCollected:int = 0;
var bombsLost:int = 0;
for (var i:int = 0; i<20; i++) {
var pickBomb = bombArray[int(Math.random() * bombArray.length)];
var bomb:MovieClip = new pickBomb();
addChild(bomb);
bomb.x = Math.random() * stage.stageWidth-bomb.width;// bomb.width is subtracted from the random x position to elimate the slight possibility that a clip will be placed offstage on the right.
bomb.y = Math.random() * -500;
bomb.speed = Math.random() * 15 + 5;
bombsOnstage.push(bomb);
}
eod_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, dragEod);
stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, dragStop);
function dragEod(e:Event):void {
eod_mc.startDrag();
}
function dragStop(e:Event):void {
eod_mc.stopDrag();
}
stage.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, catchBomb);
function catchBomb(e:Event):void {
for (var i:int = bombsOnstage.length-1; i > -1; i--) {
var currentBomb:MovieClip = bombsOnstage[i];
currentBomb.y += currentBomb.speed;
if (currentBomb.y > stage.stageHeight - currentBomb.height) {
currentBomb.y = 0 - currentBomb.height;
bombsLost++;
field2_txt.text = "Total Bombs Detonated: " + bombsLost;
}
if (currentBomb.hitTestObject(eod_mc)) {
bombsCollected++;
removeChild(currentBomb);
bombsOnstage.splice(i,1);
field1_txt.text = "Total Bombs Caught: " + bombsCollected;
if (bombsCollected >= 20) {
eod_mc.gotoAndStop(20);
} else if (bombsCollected > 15) {
eod_mc.gotoAndStop(15);
} else if (bombsCollected>10) {
eod_mc.gotoAndStop(10);
} else if (bombsCollected>5) {
eod_mc.gotoAndStop(5);
}
}
}
if (bombsOnstage.length <= 0) {
field1_txt.text = "You Win! You have defused the bombs.";
field2_txt.text = "";
stage.removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, catchBomb);
}
if (bombsLost >= 20) {
field1_txt.text = "Sorry you lose. You have lost your foot!";
field2_txt.text = "";
stage.removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, catchBomb);
for (var j:int = bombsOnstage.length-1; j > -1; j--) {
currentBomb = bombsOnstage[j];
removeChild(currentBomb);
bombsOnstage.splice(j,1);
}
}
}
Maybe to avoid making your programming life more twisted than it is now...
There are objects and classes in programming, a class is a description of a set of objects, say "table" (or, as it's better to differ in names for classes and variables, "Table", first letter capitalized) is a name of a class. An instance or an object is a structure that belongs to one or more classes, with Object being the topmost, as everything in programming is either an object or a "simple variable", that is, a number, a true/false, a string of characters (these are object types in AS3 too, though, Number, Boolean, String, but these generally not need to be instantiated via new) or probably some other simple type I don't remember right now.
Classes have properties and methods. A property is something that can be requested off any object of the class, say "height" for tables. Properties can be of any type, including nested objects, depending on what your base class is. Say stage in AS3 is a property of any DisplayObject which is used to get the only Stage object there is at runtime[1]. Methods are what any object of a class can be told to do. Say, bombs fall, explode, MovieClips can be told to stop(), etc. You write class code keeping in mind that all of the objects of this class will have to behave exactly like you've written, but since they can differ in properties, you can give them conditional behavior. For example, if a bomb has already exploded, it cannot blow up once more.
A variable, whether a property or a standalone var (if you declare one in a function) is a reference to an object of a given type. Say var i:int refers to some kind of an integer. Simple type vars are containers instead, that is, i=2; will place a 2 in the referred integer, and i=j; will copy the value from j into i, while var theStage:Stage=this.stage will instead create a reference to an existing object, and if that object will change, the reference will give you the changed object instead of its previous state. An array is a collection of variables, reachable by indexes, in AS3 they don't have to be of one type, and a Vector is a typed array.
Next, the lifetime of objects. An object only lives while there's an active reference to it, whether in a property of another alive object, or in a visible variable, or in an event listener (AS3 specific). An object is created via new ClassName(<parameters>), lives while you can reach it somehow, and is destroyed once you have no active links to it and Flash player decides to run garbage collector. Prior to this programmers had to deallocate objects themselves, a rudiment can be seen at BitmapData.dispose(). So, in order to avoid Flash player to run out of free memory, take full control over creation and destruction of links. You don't need to care for simple vars, they are being cared for by Flash player.
A lot of basic functions for interactions has already been implemented in AS3, look for them and examples of how they work in Adobe's manual, navigate through packages in the lower left, most of the interactive stuff is in flash.display package, refer to other packages as necessary.
Hope this will bring you some insight into programming basics.
[1]: There is one stage unless you're doing a load of an SWF, then there could be more, one Stage per one SWF.