how to use execvp() and fclose()? - c

I'm making a program that reads a text file with different numbers each line and put that numbers in a string. (could be in a array of integer but I need to use the function execvp so I guess i need do as a string). Then it uses a second program to calculate the square of that numbers.
The problem is: I can't pass the arguments to the functions execvp and function execvp is not working. (I guess is something with the fopen)
Edit: I tried with popen instead of execvp and didn't work as well
Here it goes part of my code:
#define LSIZ 128
#define RSIZ 10
char line[RSIZ][LSIZ];
FILE *fptr = NULL;
int i = 0;
int tot = 0;
fptr = fopen("casosproduto.txt", "r");
while(fgets(line[i], LSIZ, fptr))
{
line[i][strlen(line[i]) - 1] = '\0';
i++;
}
fclose(fptr);
char* argument_list3[]={"produto",&line[i],NULL};
tot = i;
for(i = 0; i < tot; ++i)
{
execvp("./produto",argument_list3);
printf(" %s\n", line[i]);
}

execvp will load produto to the original process space, and then execute it, which is equivalent to executing the for loop only once, you can first fork a subprocess and call execvp in the subprocess, Like this
for (i = 0; i < tot; ++i) {
char *argument_list3[] = {"produto", line[i], NULL};
if (fork() == 0) {
execvp("./produto", argument_list3);
}
}
You can also call function system to execute, and you can read a line and execute it once, so it is not limited by the number of lines in the file, e.g:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define LSIZ 128
int main()
{
char line[LSIZ];
char cmd[LSIZ + 16];
FILE *fptr = NULL;
fptr = fopen("casosproduto.txt", "r");
if (fptr == NULL)
return -1;
while (fgets(line, LSIZ, fptr)) {
line[strlen(line) - 1] = '\0';
snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "./produto %s", line);
system(cmd);
}
fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}

Udpdate. I did some changes in my code but still dont work.
Here it goes the code updated:
#define LSIZ 128
#define RSIZ 10
char line[RSIZ][LSIZ];
FILE *fptr = NULL;
int i = 0;
int tot = 0;
fptr = fopen("casosproduto.txt", "rt");
while(fgets(line[i], LSIZ, fptr))
{
line[i][strlen(line[i]) - 1] = '\0';
i++;
}
fclose(fptr);
tot = i;
pid = fork();
for(i = 0; i < tot; i++)
{
char* argument_list3[]={"produto",line[i],NULL};
if (fork() == 0) {
execvp("./produto", argument_list3);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
There are two reasons for the execvp not working...
first- Something related with the fclose function. If i put the fclose function inside the loop (I know that doesn't make sense but just for tests) then it executes the execvp. Outside the loop it doesnt.
Second- Are my arguments to the execvp alright? (when I tested puting the fclose inside the loop i had to change to this "char* argument_list3[]={"produto","4",NULL};" to test with a number, otherwise the result would be always 1.

Related

string of undetermined length c

Hi I was trying to create an array of string of an undetermined length in c.
This is my code :
int main()
{
int lineCount=linesCount();
char text[lineCount][10];
printf("%d",lineCount);
FILE * fpointer = fopen("test.txt","r");
fgets(text,10,fpointer);
fclose(fpointer);
printf("%s",text);
return 0;
}
I would like to replace 10 in
char text[lineCount][10];
My code reads out a file I already made the amount of lines dynamic.
Since the line length is unpredictable I would like to replace 10 by a something dynamic.
Thanks in advance.
To do this cleanly, we want a char * array rather than an 2D char array:
char *text[lineCount];
And, we need to use memory from the heap to store the individual lines.
Also, don't "hardwire" so called "magic" numbers like 10. Use an enum or #define (e.g) #define MAXWID 10. Note that with the solution below, we obviate the need for using the magic number at all.
Also, note the use of sizeof(buf) below instead of a magic number.
And, we want [separate] loops when reading and printing.
Anyway, here's the refactored code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int
linesCount(void)
{
return 23;
}
int
main(void)
{
int lineCount = linesCount();
char *text[lineCount];
char buf[10000];
printf("%d", lineCount);
// open file and _check_ the return
const char *file = "test.txt";
FILE *fpointer = fopen(file, "r");
if (fpointer == NULL) {
perror(file);
exit(1);
}
int i = 0;
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fpointer) != NULL) {
// strip newline
buf[strcspn(buf,"\n")] = 0;
// store line -- we must allocate this
text[i++] = strdup(buf);
}
fclose(fpointer);
for (i = 0; i < lineCount; ++i)
printf("%s\n", text[i]);
return 0;
}
UPDATE:
The above code is derived from your original code. But, it assumes that the linesCount function can predict the number of lines. And, it doesn't check against overflow of the fixed length text array.
Here is a more generalized version that will allow an arbitrary number of lines with varying line lengths:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int
main(void)
{
int lineCount = 0;
char **text = NULL;
char buf[10000];
// open file and _check_ the return
const char *file = "test.txt";
FILE *fpointer = fopen(file, "r");
if (fpointer == NULL) {
perror(file);
exit(1);
}
int i = 0;
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fpointer) != NULL) {
// strip newline
buf[strcspn(buf,"\n")] = 0;
++lineCount;
// increase number of lines in array
text = realloc(text,sizeof(*text) * lineCount);
if (text == NULL) {
perror("realloc");
exit(1);
}
// store line -- we must allocate this
text[lineCount - 1] = strdup(buf);
}
fclose(fpointer);
// print the lines
for (i = 0; i < lineCount; ++i)
printf("%s\n", text[i]);
// more processing ...
// free the lines
for (i = 0; i < lineCount; ++i)
free(text[i]);
// free the list of lines
free(text);
return 0;
}

Need help implementing kittycat function in C using a function

Need help getting display_stream function to read from stdin in Shell. When I type './kittycat' in Shell I am getting blank when it should read from stdin. Everything else works which is for one or more arguments it reads the text files (./kittycat test.txt test2.txt) and if I put './kittycat error.txt' it will say error file not found.' I am just missing a way to read from stdin using the function display_stream. Including Screenshots of shell output vs what is expected.
[enter image description here][1]#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void display_stream(FILE *fptr);
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
// if no args given, read from stdin (just like shell/cat)
if (argc < 2)
display_stream(stdin);
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
FILE *fptr = fopen(argv[i], "r");
if (fptr == 0) {
printf("error: file not found.");
continue;
}
display_stream(fptr);
fclose(fptr);
}
return 0;
}
void
display_stream(FILE *fptr)
{
int x;
/* read one character at a time from file, stopping at EOF,
which indicates the end of the file. */
while ((x = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF)
putchar(x);
}
MY output
What is expected
Check argc to decide if the program should read from stdin or should open argv[i] to open the file.
Here's the refactored [and annotated] code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void display_stream(FILE *fptr);
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
// if no args given, read from stdin (just like shell/cat)
if (argc < 2)
display_stream(stdin);
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
FILE *fptr = fopen(argv[i], "r");
if (fptr == 0) {
printf("error: file not found.");
}
else {
display_stream(fptr);
#if 1
fclose(fptr);
#endif
}
}
return 0;
}
void
display_stream(FILE *fptr)
{
int x;
/* read one character at a time from file, stopping at EOF,
which indicates the end of the file. */
while ((x = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF) {
printf("%c", x);
}
// don't close this here -- let caller do it (e.g. stdin should _not_ be
// closed and only caller knows whether the stream is stdin or not)
#if 0
fclose(fptr);
#endif
}
Here's a slightly more cleaned up version:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void display_stream(FILE *fptr);
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
// if no args given, read from stdin (just like shell/cat)
if (argc < 2)
display_stream(stdin);
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
FILE *fptr = fopen(argv[i], "r");
if (fptr == 0) {
printf("error: file not found.");
continue;
}
display_stream(fptr);
fclose(fptr);
}
return 0;
}
void
display_stream(FILE *fptr)
{
int x;
/* read one character at a time from file, stopping at EOF,
which indicates the end of the file. */
while ((x = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF)
putchar(x);
}
Move fclose out of display_stream, it doesn’t belong there. Place it just after the call to display_stream.
Add display_stream(stdin) to main (without fclose this time, stdin shouldn’t be closed), before or after the loop. It should just work.
It will probably copy from stdin line-by-line but that’s due to buffering outside of the program which is not that easy to disable AFAIK.
Also, printf( "%c", x ) could be putchar(x)

fgets is returning a blank screen

I am new to C, this is my first project and have been teaching myself. Within my program, one of my functions needs to read a line from a file, and store it in a char array. When I trace the program with gdb the array (line[]) is simply zeros. This leads to my program returning the error "Error: a line in the asset file lacks a ':' separator\n"
Here is my code:
//return the line number (0 based) that the cmd is on, -1 if absent
int locateCmd(char cmd[]) {
int lineIndex = -1; //-1, because lineIndex is incramented before the posible return
char cmdTemp[10] = "\0";
//create a compareable cmd with correct cmd that has its remaining values zeroed out
char cmdCmp[10] = "\0";
memset(cmdCmp, 0, sizeof(cmdCmp));
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(cmd); i++) {
cmdCmp[i] = cmd[i];
}
FILE *file = fopen(ASSET_FILE, "r");
//loop until target line is reached
while (strcmp(cmdTemp, cmdCmp) != 0) {
//check if last line is read
if (lineIndex == lineCounter(file)-1) {
return -1;
}
memset(cmdTemp, 0, sizeof(cmdTemp));
char line[61];
fgets(line, 61, file);
//set cmdTemp to the command on current line
lineIndex++;
for (int i = 0; line[i] != ':'; i++) {
cmdTemp[i] = line[i];
//return error if line doesn't contain a ':'
if (line[i] = '\n') {
printf("Error: a line in the asset file lacks a ':' separator\n");
exit(1);
}
}
}
return lineIndex;
}
Some context, this function is passed a command, and its job is to read a document that appears like this:
command:aBunchOfInfoOnTheComand
anotherCommand:aBunchOfInfoOnTheComand
and pick out the line that the passed command (cmd[]) is stored on.
The issue is with the fgets on line 24. I have separated the relevant portion of this code out into a smaller test program and it works fine.
The test program that works is:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
FILE *file = fopen("tutorInfo.txt", "r");
char line[61];
fgets(line, 61, file);
printf("%s\n", line);
}
The proper exicution of my test program leads me to believe other code in my function is causing the issue, but i'm not sure what. It may be important to note, the problematic code has the same imports as my sample program. Any help would be much appreciated.
As OP didn't provide a Minimal, Complete, and Verifiable example, I have to base my answer on the functional description provided in the question.
I already covered some error and corner cases, but I'm sure I missed some. The approach is also inefficient, as the file is read over and over again, instead of parsing it once and returning a hash/map/directory for easy lookup. In real life code I would use something like GLib instead of wasting my time trying to re-invent the wheel(s)...
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH 200
unsigned int locateCmd(FILE *fh, const char *key, const char **cmd_line) {
unsigned int found = 0;
size_t key_length = strlen(key);
*cmd_line = NULL;
/* make sure to start read from start of file */
rewind(fh);
unsigned int line_no = 0;
static char buffer[LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH];
while (!feof(fh) && (found == 0)) {
// NOTE: EOF condition will be checked on the next iteration
fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fh);
size_t length = strlen(buffer);
line_no++;
if (buffer[length - 1] != '\n') {
printf("line %u is too long, aborting!\n", line_no);
return(0);
}
if ((strncmp(key, buffer, key_length) == 0) &&
(buffer[key_length] == ':')) {
found = line_no;
buffer[length - 1] = '\0'; // strip line ending
*cmd_line = &buffer[key_length + 1];
}
}
return(found);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
FILE *fh = fopen("dummy.txt", "r");
if (!fh) {
perror("file open");
return(1);
}
int ret = 0;
while (--argc > 0) {
const char *cmd;
const char *key = *++argv;
unsigned line_no = locateCmd(fh, key, &cmd);
if (line_no != 0) {
printf("key '%s' found on line %u: %s\n", key, line_no, cmd);
ret = 0;
} else {
printf("key '%s' not found!\n", key);
};
}
if (fclose(fh) != 0) {
perror("file close");
return(1);
}
return(ret);
}
Test input dummy.txt:
command:aBunchOfInfoOnTheComand
anotherCommand:aBunchOfInfoOnTheComand
brokenline
foo:bar
toolong:sadflkjaLKFJASDJFLKASJDFLKSAJ DLFKJ SLDKJFLKASDFASDFKJASKLDJFLKASJDFLKJASDLKFJASLKDFJLKASDJFLKASJDLFKJASDKLFJKLASDJFLKSAJDFLKJASDLKFJKLASDJFLKASJDFKLJASDLKFJLKASDJFLKASJDFLKJSADLKFJASLKDJFLKC
Some test runs:
$ gcc -Wall -o dummy dummy.c
$ ./dummy command foo bar
key 'command' found on line 1: aBunchOfInfoOnTheComand
key 'foo' found on line 5: bar
line 6 is too long, aborting!
key 'bar' not found!

Why my string getting some extra value? (C program)

I am trying to solve a C Program problem:
Create a program in C that reads a string from a text file and then reorders the string in an odd-even format (first take odd numbered letters and then even numbered letters; example: if the program reads elephant, then the reordered string will be eehnlpat). Then write the string in a different text file. Provide an error-checking mechanism for both reading and writing.
My code is:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
FILE *inputFile;
inputFile = fopen("inpFile.txt", "r");
if (inputFile != NULL) {
FILE *outFile = fopen("outFile.txt", "w");
if (outFile != NULL) {
printf("file created successfully\n");
int i, j = 0;
char strf1[50];
fscanf(inputFile, "%s", &strf1);
char strf2[strlen(strf1)];
for (i = 0; strf1[i] > 0; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
strf2[j] = strf1[i];
j++;
}
}
for (i = 1; strf1[i] > 0; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 1) {
strf2[j] = strf1[i];
j++;
}
}
fprintf(outFile, "%s\n", strf2);
fclose(outFile);
} else {
printf("file could not be created\n");
}
fclose(inputFile);
} else {
printf("File does not exist.");
}
return 0;
}
I feel all is OK but the problem is if the program reads elephant, then the reordered string given by my program is eehnlpatZ0#. Where extra Z0# is my problem. I don't want that extra thing. But I can't fix it. If anybody can help me to fix it, that will be great.
Your target string is too short: char strf2[strlen(strf1)];. You should at least allow for a null terminator and set it, or simply make the output array the same size as the input array:
char strf2[50];
There are other problems in your code:
In case of error by fopen, it would be advisable to return a non-zero status to the system.
You should pass the array to fscanf(), not a pointer to the array, which has a different type.
You should tell fscanf() the maximum number of characters to read into the array with %49s
You should test the return value of fscanf() and produce an empty output file for an empty input file. The current code has undefined behavior in this case.
The test strf1[i] > 0 is incorrect: characters from the input file might be negative. You should either compute the string length or test with strf1[i] != '\0'
Starting the second loop at i = 1 seems a good idea, but it relies on the silent assumption that strf1 is not an empty string. In your example, if fscanf() succeeds, strf1 is not empty, and if it fails the behavior is undefined because strf1 is uninitialized. Yet it is safer to avoid such optimisations which will bite you if you later move the code to a generic function for which the assumption might not hold.
You must null terminate the output string before passing it to fprintf or specify the length with a %.*s format.
Here is a corrected version:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *inputFile, *outFile;
char strf1[50], strf2[50];
int i, j;
inputFile = fopen("inpFile.txt", "r");
if (inputFile == NULL) {
printf("Cannot open input file inpFile.txt\n");
return 1;
}
outFile = fopen("outFile.txt", "w");
if (outFile == NULL) {
printf("Could not create output file outFile.txt\n");
fclose(inputFile);
return 1;
}
printf("file created successfully\n");
if (fscanf(inputFile, "%49s", strf1) == 1) {
j = 0;
for (i = 0; strf1[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0)
strf2[j++] = strf1[i];
}
for (i = 0; strf1[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 1)
strf2[j++] = strf1[i];
}
strf2[j] = '\0';
fprintf(outFile, "%s\n", strf2);
}
fclose(inputFile);
fclose(outFile);
return 0;
}
Here is an alternative with simpler copy loops:
int len = strlen(strf1);
j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
strf2[j++] = strf1[i];
}
for (i = 1; i < len; i += 2) {
strf2[j++] = strf1[i];
}
strf2[j] = '\0';
You have to provide a space for the null-terminator, since you did not provide a space for it, printf cannot know when your string is terminated, so it contiues to print out data from the memory.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
FILE* inputFile;
inputFile=fopen("inpFile.txt", "r");
if (inputFile!=NULL) {
FILE* outFile=fopen("outFile.txt", "w");
if (outFile!=NULL) {
printf("file created successfully\n");
int i, j=0;
char strf1[50];
fscanf(inputFile, "%s",&strf1);
int inputLength = strlen(strf1) + 1;
char strf2[inputLength];
char strf2[inputLength-1] = '\0';
for(i=0; strf1[i]>0; i++) {
if(i%2==0) {
strf2[j]=strf1[i];
j++;
}
}
for(i=1; strf1[i]>0; i++) {
if(i%2==1) {
strf2[j]=strf1[i];
j++;
}
}
fprintf(outFile, "%s\n",strf2);
fclose(outFile);
}else{
printf("file could not be created\n");
}
fclose(inputFile);
}
else {
printf("File does not exist.");
}
return 0;
}
In C, strings require a Null character, '\0', as the last byte in order to terminate.
Changing the following line of code from
char strf2[strlen(strf1)];
to
char strf2[strlen(strf1) + 1];
will solve this problem.

C project with files

I need some help with my C project:
I need to write a c program who receives 2 parameters:
1) The name of a text file(infile) which is in the same catalog
2) A number k>0
And creates 2 new files,outfile1 & outfile 2 as:
Outfile 1: k,2*k,3*k…. character of infile
Outfile 2: k,2*k,3*k…..line of infile
Example:
INFILE
Abcdefg
123456
XXXXXX
01010101
OUTFILE 1:
Cf25XX101
OUTFILE 2:
XXXXXX
I wrote some code ,but its not working. Any ideas?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char** read_lines(FILE* txt, int* count) {
char** array = NULL;
int i;
char line[100];
int line_count;
int line_length;
*count = 0;
line_count = 0;
while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), txt) != NULL) {
line_count++;
}
rewind(txt);
array = malloc(line_count * sizeof(char *));
if (array == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
for (i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
fgets(line, sizeof(line), txt);
line_length = strlen(line);
line[line_length - 1] = '\0';
line_length--;
array[i] = malloc(line_length + 1);
strcpy(array[i], line);
}
*count = line_count;
return array;
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
char** array = NULL;
FILE* file = NULL;
const char* filename = NULL;
int i;
int line_count;
int k;
char c;
printf("ENTER ONE PHYSICAL NUMBER\n");
do{
if(k>0)
scanf("%d",&k);
else{
printf("ENTER ONE PHYSICAL NUMBER\n");
scanf("%d",&k);
}
}while(k<=0);
file = fopen("LEIT.txt", "rt");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("CANT OPEN FILE %s.\n", filename);
return 1;
}
array = read_lines(file, &line_count);
printf("ARRAY:\n");
for (i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
printf("[%d]: %s\n", (i+1), array[i]);
}
printf("CALCULATING OUTFILE1 AND OUTFILE2\n");
printf("OUTFILE1:\n");
for(i=0;i<line_count;i++){
c=i*k;
printf("%c\n",array[c]);
}
printf("WRITING OUTFILE1 COMPLETE!\n");
printf("OUTFILE2:\n");
for(i=0;i<line_count;i++){
c=i*k;
printf("%c\n",array[c]);
}
printf("WRITING OUTFILE2 COMPLETE!\n");
return 0;
}
My actual problem is calculate and write into files (outfile1 and outfile2) the result...
You need to close file after finishing reading/writing it with fclose.
You can create and write strings to a file using fopen with correct mode.
You can output formatted string to a file by using fprintf.
It seems that you don't want to print the 0th character/line, so in the last for loop, i should start from 1 (or start from 0 but add 1 later).
array[c] is a string, not a character. So when printing it, you should use %s specifier instead of %c.
It is not a good idea using char as count in later for loops unless you know input file will be very short. signed char can only count to 127 before overflow (unsigned char can count to 255). But if you have a very long file, for example thousands of lines, this program would not work properly.
array is malloced in function char** read_lines(FILE* txt, int* count). After finish using it, you need to dealloc, or free it by calling
for (i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
free(array[i]);
}
and followed by free(array). This avoids memory leakage.
Modified code is here. In the following code, char c is not used. This is the part where you process output files, and before return 0; in main function.
printf("CALCULATING OUTFILE1 AND OUTFILE2\n");
printf("OUTFILE1:\n");
// Since we finished using LEIT.txt, close it here.
fclose(file);
// Mode: "w" - Write file. "+" - Create if not exist.
// You can lso use "a+" (append file) here if previous record need to be preserved.
FILE *out1 = fopen("OUTFILE1.txt", "w+");
FILE *out2 = fopen("OUTFILE2.txt", "w+");
if ((out1 == NULL) || (out2 == NULL)) {
printf("CANT CREATE OUTPUT FILES.\n");
return 1;
}
// Out file 1.
unsigned int count = k;
for (i = 0; i < line_count; i++){
while (count < strlen(array[i])) {
// This just prints to stdout, but is good for debug.
printf("%c", array[i][count]);
// Write to the file.
fprintf(out1, "%c", array[i][count]);
// Calculate c for next char.
count += k + 1;
}
// Before go to next line, minus string length of current line.
count -= strlen(array[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("WRITING OUTFILE1 COMPLETE!\n");
// Close file.
fclose(out1);
// Out file 2.
printf("OUTFILE2:\n");
for (i = 1;i < line_count / k; i++){
count = i * k;
// This just prints to stdout, but is good for debug.
printf("%s\n", array[count]);
// Write to the file.
fprintf(out2, "%s\n", array[count]);
}
printf("WRITING OUTFILE2 COMPLETE!\n");
//Close file.
fclose(out2);
// dealloc malloced memory.
for (i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
free(array[i]);
}
free(array);

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