while loop with variable definition in C - c

Question

I'm currently trying to loop over a collection retrieved by an API in C.
The API offers a function getNext() that returns a reference to the next element in the collection, or NULL if the end has been reached.
Now i wanted to declare a variable in a while expression and loop until NULL:
// create collection from API
Collection collection = create();
if (collection == NULL) {
return -1
}
while (const Element *e = getNext(collection) != NULL) {
// print data from e
}
When compiling, 'error: unexpected expression' pops up. Why does that statement not work in C? How can I loop over the collection when all I have is a function getNext() that returns either an element or NULL?
I also tried the following, but the same error occured:
while ((const Element *e = getNext(collection)) != NULL) {
// print data from e
}

Answer 1

It is not possible because while() expects an expression and it is not possible to place a declaration in the expression (though it is possible to introduce a new type with expression!).
The best you can get is:
const Element *e;
while ((e = getNext(collection)) != NULL) {
// print data from e
}
It is however possible to achieve the desired functionlity with a for loop.
for (const Element *e; (e = getNext(collection)) != NULL; ) {
// print data from e
}

Answer 2

First of all, in contrast to a for statement, you cannot declare a new variable in a while statement. Therefore, the following line is wrong:
while (const Element *e = getNext(collection) != NULL) {
You could fix this by writing the following:
const Element *e;
while ( e = getNext(collection) != NULL ) {
A more compact way of writing this is the following:
for ( const Element *e; e = getNext(collection) != NULL ; ) {
The second version has the advantage that the scope of the variable e is limited to the for loop.
However, the lines mentioned above are also wrong, for the following reason:
The != operator has higher precedence than =. So the line
while ( e = getNext(collection) != NULL) {
is equivalent to:
while ( e = ( getNext(collection) != NULL ) ) {
This is not want you want. You should write the following instead:
while ( ( e = getNext(collection) ) != NULL ) {

Answer 3

In C, you can't declare a variable in the condition expression of a while loop.
GCC will tell you:
Error: Expected expression before 'const'

Answer 4

I would write something like this, hope it can help :)
void main()
{
bool running = true;
while(running)
{
printf("Running while loop\n");
running = getNext() != NULL; //Check if there is data in your collection - otherwise exit
}
printf("getNext() returned NULL\n");
return;
}

Answer 5

Some rules of thumb in C programming are: "don't do really strange things" and "never do assignments inside control or loop statements". Turns out that we can follow these rules and solve all problems by using a for loop:
for(const Element* e = getNext(collection); e != NULL; e = getNext(collection))