I am having trouble with the very last line in my function, where I am stilly learning the basics of C. I have the signature of this function given and am tasked to write a function to concatenate two strings. The commented line outputs the correct result.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// 1) len = dst-len + max_dst_len
int strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, int max_dst_len) {
int len = 0;
while (dst[len] != '\0') {
len++;
}
int total_len = len + max_dst_len;
char *new_str = malloc(sizeof(char) * total_len);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
new_str[i] = dst[i];
}
for (int i = len; i < total_len; i++) {
new_str[i] = src[i - len];
}
new_str[total_len] = '\0';
//printf("%s <--\n", new_str);
dst = *new_str;
return total_len;
}
int main() {
char test1[] = "dst";
char test1src[] = "src";
printf("%s\n", test1);
printf("%d\n", strlcat(test1, test1src, 10));
printf("%s\n", test1);
}
You should not be adding max_dst_len to the length of dst. max_dst_len is the amount of memory that's already allocated in dst, you need to ensure that the concatenated string doesn't exceed this length.
So you need to subtract len from max_dst_len, and also subtract 1 to allow room for the null byte. This will tell you the maximum number of bytes you can copy from src to the end of dst.
In your main() code, you need to declare test1 to be at least 10 bytes if you pass 10 as the max_dst_len argument. When you omit the size in the array declaration, it sizes the array just big enough to hold the string you use to initialize it. It's best to use sizeof test1 as this argument, to ensure that it's correct for the string you're concatenating to.
#include <stdio.h>
int strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, int max_dst_len) {
int len = 0;
while (dst[len] != '\0') {
len++;
}
int len_to_copy = max_dst_len - len - 1;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < len_to_copy && src[i] != '\0'; i++) {
dst[len+i] = src[i];
}
dst[i] = '\0';
//printf("%s <--\n", new_str);
return i + len;
}
int main() {
char test1[6] = "dst";
char test1src[] = "src";
printf("%s\n", test1);
printf("%d\n", strlcat(test1, test1src, sizeof test1));
printf("%s\n", test1);
}
I have an array of strings and am trying to reverse each string in the array to see if that string is a palindrome. I am using a for loop to increment an int i (the index). However after the I call the reverse function, the value of i becomes some really large number and I cant figure out why this is happening.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void revString(char *dest, const char *source);
int main() {
const char *strs[] = {
"racecar",
"radar",
"hello",
"world"
};
int i;
char res[] = "";
for (i = 0; i < strlen(*strs); i++) {
printf("i is %d\n", i);
revString(&res[0], strs[i]); //reversing string
printf("i is now %d\n", i);
//comparing string and reversed string
if (strcmp(res, strs[i]) == 0) {
printf("Is a palindrome");
} else {
printf("Not a palindrome");
}
}
return 0;
}
void revString(char *dest, const char *source) {
printf("%s\n", source);
int len = strlen(source);
printf("%d\n", len);
const char *p;
char s;
for (p = (source + (len - 1)); p >= source; p--) {
s = *p;
*(dest) = s;
dest += 1;
}
*dest = '\0';
}
This is the output showing the value of i before and after the revString function is called.
i is 0
i is now 1667588961
Illegal instruction: 4
There are multiple problems in your code:
You pass a destination array char res[] = ""; that is much too small for the strings you want to reverse. It's size is 1. This causes buffer overflow, resulting in undefined behavior.
Use char res[20]; instead.
You enumerate the array of string with an incorrect upper bound. Use this instead:
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(strs) / sizeof(*strs); i++)
The termination test for the loop in revString() is incorrect too: decrementing p when is equal to source has undefined behavior, although it is unlikely to have an consequences. You can simplify this function this way:
void revString(char *dest, const char *source) {
size_t len = strlen(source);
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
dest[i] = source[len - i - 1];
}
dest[len] = '\0';
}
Here is the resulting code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void revString(char *dest, const char *source) {
size_t len = strlen(source);
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
dest[i] = source[len - i - 1];
}
dest[len] = '\0';
}
int main(void) {
const char *strs[] = { "racecar", "radar", "hello", "world" };
char res[20];
for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(strs) / sizeof(*strs); i++) {
revString(res, strs[i]);
//comparing string and reversed string
if (strcmp(res, strs[i]) == 0) {
printf("Is a palindrome\n");
} else {
printf("Not a palindrome\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
Here is Final Code with some change
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void revString(char* dest, const char* source);
int main(){
const char* strs[] = {
"racecar",
"radar",
"hello",
"world"
};
static int i;
char res[] = "";
int length = (int) sizeof(strs)/sizeof(char*);
for(i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
printf("i is %d\n", i);
revString(&res[0], strs[i]); //reversing string
printf("i is now %d\n", i);
//comparing string and reversed string
if(strcmp(res, strs[i]) == 0){
printf("Is a palindrome");
}else{
printf("Not a palindrome");
}
}
return 0;
}
void revString(char* dest, const char* source){
printf("%s\n", source);
int len = (int) strlen(source);
printf("%d\n", len);
const char* p;
char s;
for(p = (source + (len - 1)); p >= source; p--){
s = *p;
*(dest) = s;
dest += 1;
}
*dest = '\0';
}
Change 1 :-
int i; to static int i; (Reason:- i is local variable you are calling
function so when function call the value of i will remove and after
that it will assign garbage value.)
change 2 :-
strlen(*strs) to length of array (because strlen(*strs) will give the
length of first string)
I have made two functions that find a substring index and substitute that substring in the string. I'm glad I jury rigged this at all, given that similar questions previously asked were never answered/marked as closed without any help. Is there a cleaner method?
void destroy_substr(int index, int len)
{
int i;
for (i = index; i < len; i++)
{
string[i] = '~';
}
}
void find_substr_index(char* substr)
{
int i;
int j;
int k;
int count;
int len = strlen(substr);
for (i = 0; i < strlen(string); i++)
{
if (string[i] == substr[0])
{
for(j = i, k = 0; k < len; j++, k++)
{
if (string[j] == substr[k])
{
count++;
}
if (count == len)
destroy_substr((j - len + 1), len);
}
j = 0;
k = 0;
count = 0;
}
}
}
Your code seems like you're trying to re-inventing your own wheel.
By using standard C functions, which is strstr() and memset(), you can achieve the same result as you expected.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char string[] = "foobar foobar foobar";
char substr[] = "foo";
char replace = '~';
int main() {
int substr_size = strlen(substr);
// Make a copy of your `string` pointer.
// This is to ensure we can safely modify this pointer value, without 'touching' the original one.
char *ptr = string;
// while true (infinite loop)
while(1) {
// Find pointer to next substring
ptr = strstr(ptr, substr);
// If no substring found, then break from the loop
if(ptr == NULL) { break; }
// If found, then replace it with your character
memset(ptr, replace, substr_size);
// iIncrement our string pointer, pass replaced substring
ptr += substr_size;
}
printf("%s\n", string);
return 0;
}
How about this:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char string[] = "HELLO hello WORLD world HELLO hello ell";
char substring[] = "ell";
int stringLength = strlen(string);
int substringLength = strlen(substring);
printf("Before: %s\n", string);
if(substringLength <= stringLength)
{
int i;
int j;
for(i = 0, j = stringLength - substringLength + 1; i < j; )
{
if(memcmp(&string[i], substring, substringLength) == 0)
{
memset(&string[i], '~', substringLength);
i += substringLength;
}
else
{
i++;
}
}
}
printf("After: %s\n", string);
return 0;
}
Key ideas are:
You only need to scan the string (stringLength - substringLength) times
You can use functions from string.h to do the comparison and to replace the substring
You can copy the new string in place. If you want to support insertion of longer strings you will need to manage memory with malloc()/realloc(). If you want to support insertion of smaller strings you'll need to advance the pointer to the beginning by the length of the replacement string, copy the rest of the string to that new location, then zero the new end of the string.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *str = strdup("The fox jumps the dog\n");
char *search = "fox";
char *replace = "cat";
size_t replace_len = strlen(replace);
char *begin = strstr(str, search);
if (begin == NULL)
errx(1, "substring not found");
if (strlen(begin) < replace_len)
errx(1, "replacement too long");
printf("%s", str);
memcpy(begin, replace, replace_len);
printf("%s", str);
return 0;
}
Lets say I have a string XYZ1-3.
I would like to convert it to a array of strings.
XYZ1,
XYZ2,
XYZ3.
is there an elegant way to do it in C?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char **expand(const char *string, int *num){//num : out var
char *id = strdup(string);
int start, end, len;
sscanf(string, "%*[A-Z]%n%d-%d", &len, &start, &end);
id[len] = '\0';
*num = end-start+1;
char **array = malloc(*num * sizeof(char*));
for(int i=0;i < *num ;++i){
len = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%s%d", id, start + i);
array[i] = malloc(++len);
sprintf(array[i], "%s%d", id, start + i);
}
free(id);
return array;
}
int main(){
int n;
char **array = expand("XYZ1-3", &n);
for(int i=0;i<n;++i){
printf("%s\n", array[i]);
free(array[i]);
}
free(array);
return 0;
}
Allow the non-alphabetical(not A-Z) id part
#include <ctype.h>
int id_length(const char *string){
//return length of id part.
int i, len;
for(i=0;string[i];++i);
if(i==0)return 0;
for(i=i-1;isdigit(string[i]) && i>=0;--i);
if(string[i]!='-') return 0;//bad format
for(i=i-1;isdigit(string[i]) && i>=0;--i);
return i+1;
}
char **expand(const char *string, int *num){//num : out var
char *id = strdup(string);
int start, end, len;
len = id_length(string);
sscanf(string+len, "%d-%d", &start, &end);
id[len] = '\0';
*num = end-start+1;
char **array = malloc(*num * sizeof(char*));
for(int i=0;i < *num ;++i){
len = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%s%d", id, start + i);
array[i] = malloc(++len);
sprintf(array[i], "%s%d", id, start + i);
}
free(id);
return array;
}
Try this--
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
int len,i,c,d,p,j;
char arr[50];
char arr2[50];
char arr3[30][30];
char temp[30];
scanf("%s",arr);
len=strlen(arr);//calculating length of entire input
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
if(arr[i]!='-')
arr2[i]=arr[i];//arr2[] will hold the string without the numeral
else
break;
}
c=(int)arr[i-1]-48;//char is converted into int
d=(int)arr[i+1]-48;
for(i=0;i<len-3;i++)
temp[i]=arr2[i];
p=0;
for(i=c;i<=d;i++)
{
temp[len-3]=(char)(i+48);//int is converted into character
for(j=0;j<=len-3;j++)
arr3[p][j]=temp[j];//this 2d array holds array of strings
p++;
}
for(i=0;i<=(d-c);i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=len-3;j++)
{
printf("%c",arr3[i][j]);//printing the strings one by one
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
How do I remove a character from a string?
If I have the string "abcdef" and I want to remove "b" how do I do that?
Removing the first character is easy with this code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char word[] = "abcdef";
char word2[10];
strcpy(word2, &word[1]);
printf("%s\n", word2);
return 0;
}
and
strncpy(word2, word, strlen(word) - 1);
will give me the string without the last character, but I still didn't figure out how to remove a char in the middle of a string.
memmove can handle overlapping areas, I would try something like that (not tested, maybe +-1 issue)
char word[] = "abcdef";
int idxToDel = 2;
memmove(&word[idxToDel], &word[idxToDel + 1], strlen(word) - idxToDel);
Before: "abcdef"
After: "abdef"
Try this :
void removeChar(char *str, char garbage) {
char *src, *dst;
for (src = dst = str; *src != '\0'; src++) {
*dst = *src;
if (*dst != garbage) dst++;
}
*dst = '\0';
}
Test program:
int main(void) {
char* str = malloc(strlen("abcdef")+1);
strcpy(str, "abcdef");
removeChar(str, 'b');
printf("%s", str);
free(str);
return 0;
}
Result:
>>acdef
My way to remove all specified chars:
void RemoveChars(char *s, char c)
{
int writer = 0, reader = 0;
while (s[reader])
{
if (s[reader]!=c)
{
s[writer++] = s[reader];
}
reader++;
}
s[writer]=0;
}
char a[]="string";
int toBeRemoved=2;
memmove(&a[toBeRemoved],&a[toBeRemoved+1],strlen(a)-toBeRemoved);
puts(a);
Try this . memmove will overlap it.
Tested.
Really surprised this hasn't been posted before.
strcpy(&str[idx_to_delete], &str[idx_to_delete + 1]);
Pretty efficient and simple. strcpy uses memmove on most implementations.
int chartoremove = 1;
strncpy(word2, word, chartoremove);
strncpy(((char*)word2)+chartoremove, ((char*)word)+chartoremove+1,
strlen(word)-1-chartoremove);
Ugly as hell
The following will extends the problem a bit by removing from the first string argument any character that occurs in the second string argument.
/*
* delete one character from a string
*/
static void
_strdelchr( char *s, size_t i, size_t *a, size_t *b)
{
size_t j;
if( *a == *b)
*a = i - 1;
else
for( j = *b + 1; j < i; j++)
s[++(*a)] = s[j];
*b = i;
}
/*
* delete all occurrences of characters in search from s
* returns nr. of deleted characters
*/
size_t
strdelstr( char *s, const char *search)
{
size_t l = strlen(s);
size_t n = strlen(search);
size_t i;
size_t a = 0;
size_t b = 0;
for( i = 0; i < l; i++)
if( memchr( search, s[i], n))
_strdelchr( s, i, &a, &b);
_strdelchr( s, l, &a, &b);
s[++a] = '\0';
return l - a;
}
This is an example of removing vowels from a string
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void lower_str_and_remove_vowel(int sz, char str[])
{
for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
{
str[i] = tolower(str[i]);
if(str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'o' || str[i] == 'u')
{
for(int j = i; j < sz; j++)
{
str[j] = str[j + 1];
}
sz--;
i--;
}
}
}
int main(void)
{
char str[101];
gets(str);
int sz = strlen(str);// size of string
lower_str_and_remove_vowel(sz, str);
puts(str);
}
Input:
tour
Output:
tr
Use strcat() to concatenate strings.
But strcat() doesn't allow overlapping so you'd need to create a new string to hold the output.
I tried with strncpy() and snprintf().
int ridx = 1;
strncpy(word2,word,ridx);
snprintf(word2+ridx,10-ridx,"%s",&word[ridx+1]);
Another solution, using memmove() along with index() and sizeof():
char buf[100] = "abcdef";
char remove = 'b';
char* c;
if ((c = index(buf, remove)) != NULL) {
size_t len_left = sizeof(buf) - (c+1-buf);
memmove(c, c+1, len_left);
}
buf[] now contains "acdef"
This might be one of the fastest ones, if you pass the index:
void removeChar(char *str, unsigned int index) {
char *src;
for (src = str+index; *src != '\0'; *src = *(src+1),++src) ;
*src = '\0';
}
This code will delete all characters that you enter from string
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define SIZE 1000
char *erase_c(char *p, int ch)
{
char *ptr;
while (ptr = strchr(p, ch))
strcpy(ptr, ptr + 1);
return p;
}
int main()
{
char str[SIZE];
int ch;
printf("Enter a string\n");
gets(str);
printf("Enter the character to delete\n");
ch = getchar();
erase_c(str, ch);
puts(str);
return 0;
}
input
a man, a plan, a canal Panama
output
A mn, pln, cnl, Pnm!
Edit : Updated the code zstring_remove_chr() according to the latest version of the library.
From a BSD licensed string processing library for C, called zString
https://github.com/fnoyanisi/zString
Function to remove a character
int zstring_search_chr(char *token,char s){
if (!token || s=='\0')
return 0;
for (;*token; token++)
if (*token == s)
return 1;
return 0;
}
char *zstring_remove_chr(char *str,const char *bad) {
char *src = str , *dst = str;
/* validate input */
if (!(str && bad))
return NULL;
while(*src)
if(zstring_search_chr(bad,*src))
src++;
else
*dst++ = *src++; /* assign first, then incement */
*dst='\0';
return str;
}
Exmaple Usage
char s[]="this is a trial string to test the function.";
char *d=" .";
printf("%s\n",zstring_remove_chr(s,d));
Example Output
thisisatrialstringtotestthefunction
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX 50
void dele_char(char s[],char ch)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;s[i]!='\0';i++)
{
if(s[i]==ch)
{
for(j=i;s[j]!='\0';j++)
s[j]=s[j+1];
i--;
}
}
}
int main()
{
char s[MAX],ch;
printf("Enter the string\n");
gets(s);
printf("Enter The char to be deleted\n");
scanf("%c",&ch);
dele_char(s,ch);
printf("After Deletion:= %s\n",s);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char ch[15],ch1[15];
int i;
gets(ch); // the original string
for (i=0;i<strlen(ch);i++){
while (ch[i]==ch[i+1]){
strncpy(ch1,ch,i+1); //ch1 contains all the characters up to and including x
ch1[i]='\0'; //removing x from ch1
strcpy(ch,&ch[i+1]); //(shrinking ch) removing all the characters up to and including x from ch
strcat(ch1,ch); //rejoining both parts
strcpy(ch,ch1); //just wanna stay classy
}
}
puts(ch);
}
Let's suppose that x is the "symbol" of the character you want to remove
,my idea was to divide the string into 2 parts:
1st part will countain all the characters from the index 0 till (and including) the target character x.
2nd part countains all the characters after x (not including x)
Now all you have to do is to rejoin both parts.
This is what you may be looking for while counter is the index.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
char str[20];
int i,counter;
gets(str);
scanf("%d", &counter);
for (i= counter+1; str[i]!='\0'; i++){
str[i-1]=str[i];
}
str[i-1]=0;
puts(str);
return 0;
}
I know that the question is very old, but I will leave my implementation here:
char *ft_strdelchr(const char *str,char c)
{
int i;
int j;
char *s;
char *newstr;
i = 0;
j = 0;
// cast to char* to be able to modify, bc the param is const
// you guys can remove this and change the param too
s = (char*)str;
// malloc the new string with the necessary length.
// obs: strcountchr returns int number of c(haracters) inside s(tring)
if (!(newstr = malloc(ft_strlen(s) - ft_strcountchr(s, c) + 1 * sizeof(char))))
return (NULL);
while (s[i])
{
if (s[i] != c)
{
newstr[j] = s[i];
j++;
}
i++;
}
return (newstr);
}
just throw to a new string the characters that are not equal to the character you want to remove.
Following should do it :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main (int argc, char const* argv[])
{
char word[] = "abcde";
int i;
int len = strlen(word);
int rem = 1;
/* remove rem'th char from word */
for (i = rem; i < len - 1; i++) word[i] = word[i + 1];
if (i < len) word[i] = '\0';
printf("%s\n", word);
return 0;
}
This is a pretty basic way to do it:
void remove_character(char *string, int index) {
for (index; *(string + index) != '\0'; index++) {
*(string + index) = *(string + index + 1);
}
}
I am amazed none of the answers posted in more than 10 years mention this:
copying the string without the last byte with strncpy(word2, word, strlen(word)-1); is incorrect: the null terminator will not be set at word2[strlen(word) - 1]. Furthermore, this code would cause a crash if word is an empty string (which does not have a last character).
The function strncpy is not a good candidate for this problem. As a matter of fact, it is not recommended for any problem because it does not set a null terminator in the destination array if the n argument is less of equal to the source string length.
Here is a simple generic solution to copy a string while removing the character at offset pos, that does not assume pos to be a valid offset inside the string:
#include <stddef.h>
char *removeat_copy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t pos) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < pos && src[i] != '\0'; i++) {
dest[i] = src[i];
}
for (; src[i] != '\0'; i++) {
dest[i] = src[i + 1];
}
dest[i] = '\0';
return dest;
}
This function also works if dest == src, but for removing the character in place in a modifiable string, use this more efficient version:
#include <stddef.h>
char *removeat_in_place(char *str, size_t pos) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < pos && str[i] != '\0'; i++)
continue;
for (; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
str[i] = str[i + 1];
return str;
}
Finally, here are solutions using library functions:
#include <string.h>
char *removeat_copy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t pos) {
size_t len = strlen(src);
if (pos < len) {
memmove(dest, src, pos);
memmove(dest + pos, src + pos + 1, len - pos);
} else {
memmove(dest, src, len + 1);
}
return dest;
}
char *removeat_in_place(char *str, size_t pos) {
size_t len = strlen(str);
if (pos < len) {
memmove(str + pos, str + pos + 1, len - pos);
}
return str;
}
A convenient, simple and fast way to get rid of \0 is to copy the string without the last char (\0) with the help of strncpy instead of strcpy:
strncpy(newStrg,oldStrg,(strlen(oldStrg)-1));