I've been coding in ReactJS for the last month. I've been reading a lot about MVC, MVVM, MVW etc. front-end architectural design patterns and this knowledge has confused me, to say the least, with what I know about React.
Up until now, my understanding was to separate components based on UI features. So given one UI feature, that component will be responsible for 1) getting the data from the backend, 2) performing any business logic to that data before, and 3) the presentation logic. To me, this sounds like one component is doing far too much and should be split.
For example, if I have a component that shows all the users in my database, this component will make the AJAX call to get this information, perform any business logic to the data, then render it as necessary in a nice pretty list (using JSX and CSS).
I can't find anything on the docs with regards to separation of concerns, so my question is, how should I go about dividing all of this logic? Is there an accepted practice?
So we've recently picked up React in our company as the front-end technology to build our huge business web application. By saying recently, I mean we don't have any previous experience with React (we have a huge background of AngularJS), and by saying huge application, I mean it's really huge and very dynamic with lots and lots of different pieces and functionality.
Because we will have a lot of huge components that all play a very important role and have complex logic inside them, and because we want them to be easily pluggable and reusable, we want them to be as isolated as possible from the outside world and other parts of our application, because otherwise because of their size and complex functionality it would be pretty much impossible to develop and maintain them. That's the reason why we have decided NOT to use Redux, at least in the beginning, while we are developing just the separate components themselves, because it compromises component isolation and makes the whole application data flow logic impossible to understand when there are so many complex components. Although I believe our choice could be wrong, because as I've already mentioned, we have no experience with React.
As I've already mentioned, the application is very dynamic. By that I mean that components are actually rendered by data. We use various configuration provider classes that interacts with our API endpoints to get the pieces of our application's configuration, like configurations of navigation, pages, various forms, lists, etc., and then try to render components that are read from that configuration.
The problem is, after a couple of weeks struggling to get the momentum with React and discover the right patterns and common solutions to our problems, we've been talking in our crew, that maybe React is not the right technology for us, as it's a UI library, not event a framework, and it doesn't help us a lot, but just adds its rendering rules that we have to break at times to achieve the dynamics and component independence we want.
Considering the component isolation and data flow management, I personally have heard that there is a language for front-end development Elm that has pretty robust data flow architecture where each component has its own model that is separate from others, but I don't know whether it's worth a try, as it may fall behind our big requirements pretty soon too.
The reason I'm writing this question here is that I hope to get an insight from people that have a solid background on working with huge front-end applications. I'd like to know whether it's possible to develop such an application with React, whether React is suitable for such complexity and dynamics, whether we really need Redux or something else, what path, practices, ideologies should we follow. If you understood my question correctly, it's more the architecture side that we are struggling with, than the technological. Maybe we are just walking the path that leads to more and more struggle and complexity but not towards production.
There is absolutely no question that React/Redux can (and is widely) used to develop the kind of applications that you describe. Nothing in your description makes what you are building so unique that it excludes React as a platform for building it. We are actively working with a large enterprise customer who is building their entire front end - with 100 + SPA (Single page applications) in React. This is a team of over 100 developers over a 2-3 year project.
The way we structured this has been crucial -
First, you want to choose a UI component library. A few examples below :
MaterialUI - https://github.com/callemall/material-ui
React Strap - https://github.com/reactstrap/reactstrap
React Bootstrap -https://github.com/react-bootstrap/react-bootstrap
Khan Academy React Components https://github.com/Khan/react-components
https://github.com/elementalui/elemental
We basically took one of these and built a component library off of them, because our components are very custom styled.
Second, we created a modular architecture, where each module (SPA) is an npm package with a main container component and redux store.
Finally, we have a central server package, where each of the modules is registered. The server package is responsible for authentication, authorization, logging, routing, etc.
The essence of this answer is not to advise on how to structure a large React application, but to let you know that React can be (and is being) used to develop applications similar to what you are describing.
I'm at the similar situation right now. I have a background in large desktop applications (ERP, LOB - WinForms, WPF) - 1000+ modules, very dynamic (more than 70% of the UI was generated by input data/configuration), adding new functionality was just about extending some configuration (without touching source code).
I'm deeply investigating current web technologies and I'm more and more convinced that React is not a good fit for that. React really shines in small/middle size applications where you (and other team members) develop every page/component 'manually' (not dynamically generated) and you want to have one global state. But it doesn't help you with building large scale application out of the box - it is only UI library (so no support for modules, routing, forms, binding, http requests, static typing (typescript), etc.) and to my surprise, there is no support for style shadowing/encapsulation (you have to integrate, for example, CSS Modules, by your own). And at the end, you have to constantly bother with libraries versioning (to make them always work together is truly time and energy consuming).
I have a great experience with Angular 2/4+ and I think, for now, it is the best technology for that kind of the applications (if you know WPF, it is very similar). It is a full framework, which is prepared to the scaling out of the box. You can split your app into independent modules (specifying which components will be visible to the outside world), every component has public api (statically typed, inputs/outputs) and encapsulated css styles (there is no interference between others).
For the global state (logged in user, global configuration, etc.), you can still use library ngrx/store (which implements Redux pattern and comes with extra nice things, like 'effects' and integrates really well into Angular ecosystem).
I tried to do in Angular really crazy stuff (dynamically generating the whole application from backend configuration) and everything worked perfectly, as expected.
You nailed the issue in your question- react is a view library, not an application framework. The real question is whether React+Redux(or other state management system) is appropriate for a large LOB app.
I will share some insights from our team’s experience in this realm. Large LOB apps have been developed using the MVC/MVP/MVVM design patterns for decades. These are tried and true patterns that ship software. Couple that with dependency injection and you have a modularized, testable, maintainable application. AngularJS (2.0+) is founded on these principles and leverages them deeply. For this reason we use AngularJS for all of our enterprise line of business apps.
React on the other hand is a lightweight, spritely view render that is awesome for smaller applications and client facing pieces (for example taking a dynamic survey or a simple dashboard). We often turn to React and VueJS here because the full AngularJS stack is way overkill and too heavy.
Getting started writing more complex apps in React can really be a struggle, I know exactly how it feels!
As you say, React is a UI lib and not an event framework. That's why you typically need a library to handle events, for example Redux. You clearly state that you decided not to use Redux (you even used capital letters for not :) ). I would take a step back if I were you and reconsider that decision. You say the reason for not using Redux is that your cannot keep your components easily pluggable and reusable when using Redux. I would argue that is not true. Redux is totally decoupled from your React components. Redux only handles receiving events, and managing state. From the React components point of view, it just receives data in props and sends events by calling regular functions. It's possible to still unit-tests, reuse, etc.
I would suggest you take another look at Redux with this in consideration. Happy to help if you have more questions!
React , Redux will make things easier because When it comes to
complex applications you can create Well structured data object. then you can manage the Complete UI through React and its
Materials ... There are some reasons Why this is right choice
State Management ,
Tree Structure data handling,
Reduce the code,
You will be knowing where the changes made (Actions, Reducers)
Your Component will only taking care of UI things
The things that you have to do is Structuring your data
Completely understand your feelings when you start with React and Redux. We were in the same situation when we started with React in our company. At first React has different approach than other frameworks. Yes of course it's not framework, it's just library. You have to start thinking in React way and that is: React components just render state (It's like you render scene on your graphic card at first you have to prepare scene then you are able render), all what component can do is dispatch actions, or better call just action creators.
You need some smart way how to store state in that point I will suggest use Redux.
We also use TypeScript with combination React, Redux. you have to write more code than pure JS but static type control is priceless when you work on large project.
Separating components logic is native approach of react ... you have to separate logic write "Dummy components" and then reuse this with connect. Or passing values as props.
We are using Thunk middleware as action creators it's good because connected component will call just method and logic is in action creators. You have access there to whole state of app then you can fetch something and base on result you can dispatch different actions.
What I like on react/ redux is how to implement async calls etc. First design component to map all states
1) like I have no data
2) data loading
3) loading done
4) loading error
For that you need only one semaphore in you state and a few checks in render method. Then one action creator that will load data and base on progress dispatch action that describing progress.
What is also cool that in react/redux app you have single data flow it's good when new dev jump into project.
For UI we are using Material UI, yes this framework has some problems but nothing what you will not able to deal with.
We are using also Router for navigating in app.
In the beginning I will avoid server side rendering because it will much easier for you start just with client side rendering and with initial state.
When we start for us was useful this template where everything works in one project JavaScriptServices
Then off course great Abramov tutorials.
For design components very useful Storybook
We can write why use or not React for long time ... but What I can say ... for us it was good choice, with some pain in begging but now we have good payback.
We started a large scale business application using Reactjs as frontend technology.
We have over 30 people in the team and we have over 15 modules in our product.
My approach is to the project is developing a common react project that handles only the Authentication, authorization and routing of the application and all other components developed as separate npm react libraries.
To develop the libraries I used https://www.npmjs.com/package/create-react-hook
This library generates the template with an example app which can use to test our library.
Following is the structure of the project
--Library 1 ( Developed using create-react-hook )
--Library 2 ( Developed using create-react-hook )
...
--Library n
--Common Container App (Developed using create react app and have used all above libraries using npm install)
The main advantage of this approach is developers can focus only on their npm packages and they can develop and test relevant component(s) separately.
The deployment also becomes very easy because we can just update npm package of tested version and rebuild the container app and do the deployment without affecting any other part of the application.
We are using this for several months and running the project with a large team without any issue. I think this may be helpful to anyone else too.
So this is just to share my experience working on an enterprise react application that is in production for years in several banks. yes, you heard me right. Now you can imagine how huge the application will be if it's related to fintech (I know it's not always the case). we have huge modules (70+) with a complex logic that pretty much handles a lot of the work that a bank needs. Modules are both isolated and re-useable. I am going to give an example of only one module so you can imagine the size of each module.
Card Production Module
Bulk Card Generation
Bulk Card Export
Bulk Card Request
Card Operations
Card Operations Approvals
Card Printing
New Card Requests
Pin Generation
Pin Printing
This application is a product, not a project and as a product it is configurable. Even the UI is configurable. I have been working on this application as a full-stack developer. Since it's pretty old the state management library that we are using is flux. With state management, the development speed is a little slow but the tradeoffs are better with us not being worried about state management. By far the application has been able to handle huge changes and things which seemed unachievable. Stability has also been a key element throughout this period.
On the back-end, we have Restful services build using Dot Net which supports both MSSQL Server or Oracle depending on the client's needs/feasibility.
After countless react.js projects, I summarized a domain oriented and practical architecture in my blog post.
It is the absolute best practice that I applied many times, enjoy:
http://denislutz.com/domain-architecture-for-react
I am trying to use angular schema form, http://schemaform.io/ While I find it great, I think it is too much like a platform solution and I am having to dig into the code to truly understand it in order to get it doing what I need with custom decorators. I am also finding the 'shema=' vs 'form=' to be very confusing.
I am now leaning towards the 'roll your own', Can anyone recommend using another package other than angular-schema-form or going the home grown route to maintain control? I have a hard time relying on 3rd party products when I don't fully understand them (or would code them differently) or if they will suite our needs.
So any options out there besides schema-form or any good starter packages for a home grown form generator using angularjs?
Angular Schema Form at its core is a template manager to reduce effort and manage re-use easily via config. You are more than capable to make your own Angular components and pass information to them via the UI Schema.
To elaborate on the differences JSON Schema is a standard for defining data models and the UI Schema (form) definition in ASF is specifically for the presentation layer, this also includes overrides of some data model properties.
There is no point in rolling a custom solution when knowing the internal workings of an open source offering provides you the ability to contribute and improve the library which is an even better result that everyone doing their own thing and re-inventing the wheel each time.
I am building an admin panel that involves mostly CRUD operations in AngularJS. I have seen many examples of how to do this on the web. Each example I have seen is a single page application that handles a single type (for example Person, Employee, etc.).
My question is the following: If the admin application I am building will involve a large number of CRUDS (one for each type used in the database), should I still use one single page app for the entire admin panel website or should I make each CRUD a separate single page application?
What is the best practice for this?
We've chosen to use a single app for a multi-model admin GUI built with angular.js called ng-admin (open-source, see code at https://github.com/marmelab/ng-admin).
It works very well, and it's easier to deal with model relationships (one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many). Doing so with several apps would imply booting several applications - probably bad for webperf.
Angular is really good for CRUD operations. There are many large scale apps with lots of CRUD operations that have used angular. Go to built with angular and see the apps. You can find the source code as well.
Generally, rest services are used to make CRUD apps.
In my opinion, making each CRUD a separate app would not bring out the best performance of a SPA as some contents like the header and footer do not change much, so it would not be feasible to render them multiple times.
I am new to backbone, and I'm here to ask for a little bit of help understanding how I would go about building my current webapp project. I'm developing a modular administration panel for servers. Every single "page" of the panel should be a packaged "module" including controllers, models and views.
The panel will consist of a main layout view being loaded initially, with a basic navigation. When a user clicks on a link on the navigation, a page gets loaded via AJAX into the layout.
(And if this sounds stupid / there is a reason not to do so please tell me :) )
Since others will develop these pages too, and since they are modular, I won't know what models, views and controllers I will be presented with inside the page i load via AJAX.
How would I best go about doing this with backbone?
I'm especially wondering about how I would extend Backbone models etc. dynamically, and how I would manage (for example) the user leaving the page and / or revisiting it later.
Does Backbone provide something I can work with, will I need to hack myself something together, is there a better way of doing things I am missing?
Your thinking around the problems sounds very correct. Make your UI components self contained as possible. Watch this 10 min video to get some more information on UI component best practices.
If you are interested about other important concerns of JavaScript application development, look at BoilerplateJS reference architecture which I published to share my experiences. That contains a similar sample application as you described (menu with component activation).
my recommendations for your UI component activation, deactivation are:
Do not remove/create DOM components. Reuse with hide/show, as your elements will recide in memory even after removing from DOM
Minimize keeping 'state' information on client side. When an user revisit the component, refresh it with a server call and then make it visible (use server as the single truth of state information).
See BoilerplateJS sample component implementations for more details. I know few who use it with BackboneJS (currently it ships with knockoutJS). We will ship a example of it using BackboneJS in v0.2 which is due in a week.
A common modular script loading framework that is used in conjunction with Backbone would be require.js. It might be what you're looking for. Require.js is all about AMD modules, asynchronous modules. Usually each model, collection, view is it's own module that defines the dependencies that particular module needs then loads those modules as needed. It's particularly well suited for large projects where you have lots of individual pieces that need to be mish-mashed together at different points of your application.
You could of course combine multiple backbone elements in a single module (usually I reserve this for Views and specific subviews that would only be used with the parent view) but it's really up to you.
With Backbone, usually the intent is to create single page applications - meaning all the page scaffolding is usually wrapped up as a single file and completely loaded onto the client-side at the get go. The data for each page is then called via ajax and populated as the user navigates and loads different aspects of the application. Is this what you intended in your description?
If you're looking to load different pages that are each individually grabbed form the server, then I'm not sure Backbone is the answer. There are other server-side MVC frameworks that help to accomplish that.
That generally touches on how Backbone is used for this sort of thing.
As for how to extend Backbone models and such, Backbone uses Underscore as a dependency and underscore provides a nice _.extend() function that can easily extend all your objects in pretty much any way you desire. Overriding default functionality, throwing in mixins, it's all pretty painless as far as Backbone goes. As a framework, Backbone is very agreeable when it comes to altering, modifying and customizing every little bit and piece.
As for handling users visiting and revisiting pages, Backbone.router allows you to create URLs that not only point to specific "pages" in your app but also to execute arbitrary code that needs to be executed to get there. Something like a logged in user visiting "mysite/#account" would trigger the router to load certain scripts that bring up that particular view as well as perhaps fetch() necessary data to get that view up and running for the user.
I'm not sure if there are resources out there that give you some kind of basic structure to start with. Most experiences I know of tend to go through the basic tutorials like "Todo List" and work their way up from there. I'm not sure what your experience level is with javascript or programming in general but I started with Backbone AND require when I knew really pretty much nothing. Only a vague notion of what JSON was and a low level understanding of HTTP as in, "it's that thing that gets web pages." That said, I think Backbone was really easy to get for me to start with and it's deepened my knowledge a lot about the whole client-side RESTful type app structure.
There is a really good list out there of the "Todo List" app in many different flavors such as Backbone and Knockout and some others. When deciding on a framework, I basically went through that code comparing all the different frameworks available and selected Backbone because it just seemed to make the most sense to me. I don't regret it. It's a lot of fun and I think the best way to get into it is to just try some demo tutorials.
Take a look at Marionette or Chaplin. Both are build on top of Backbone and provide a structured way to build larger application with Backbone.
Here is tutorial to organize your application as modules using backbonejs
http://backbonetutorials.com/organizing-backbone-using-modules/