This may be a simple answer, but currently making a neural network using keras and I ran into this problem through this code
\`EPOCHS = 50
callbacks = \[
tf.keras.callbacks.ReduceLROnPlateau(
monitor='val_loss', factor=0.1, patience=10, verbose=1, mode='min', min_delta=0.0001),
tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(
'weights.tf', monitor='val_loss', verbose=1, save_best_only=True, save_weights_only=True),
tf.keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping(
monitor='val_loss', min_delta=0, patience=15, verbose=1, restore_best_weights=True)
\]
history = model.fit(
train_ds,
validation_data=val_ds,
verbose=1,
callbacks=callbacks,
epochs=EPOCHS,
)
model.load_weights('weights.tf')
model.evaluate(val_ds)\`
Output:
`Epoch 1/50
NotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)
\<ipython-input-15-265d39d703c7\> in \<module\>
10 \]
11
\---\> 12 history = model.fit(
13 train_ds,
14 validation_data=val_ds,
1 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/execute.py in quick_execute(op_name, num_outputs, inputs, attrs, ctx, name)
52 try:
53 ctx.ensure_initialized()
\---\> 54 tensors = pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_Execute(ctx.\_handle, device_name, op_name,
55 inputs, attrs, num_outputs)
56 except core.\_NotOkStatusException as e:
NotFoundError: Graph execution error:
train/60377.jpg; No such file or directory
\[\[{{node ReadFile}}\]\]
\[\[IteratorGetNext\]\] \[Op:\__inference_train_function_9137\]
`
Here's my data:
FairFace Dataset from Kaggle
Here's how I preprocessed (through code I borrowed) the images from the FairFace dataset.
\`IMG_SIZE = 224
AUTOTUNE = tf.data.AUTOTUNE
BATCH_SIZE = 224
NUM_CLASSES = len(labels_map)
# Dataset creation
y_train = tf.keras.utils.to_categorical(train.race, num_classes=NUM_CLASSES, dtype='float32')
y_val = tf.keras.utils.to_categorical(val.race, num_classes=NUM_CLASSES, dtype='float32')
train_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((train.file, y_train)).shuffle(len(y_train))
val_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((val.file, y_val))
assert len(train_ds) == len(train.file) == len(train.race)
assert len(val_ds) == len(val.file) == len(val.race)
# Read files
def map_fn(path, label):
image = tf.io.decode_jpeg(tf.io.read_file(path))
image = tf.image.resize(image, (IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE))
return image, label
# Read files
train_ds = train_ds.map(lambda path, lbl: (tf.io.decode_jpeg(tf.io.read_file(path)), lbl), num_parallel_calls=AUTOTUNE)
val_ds = val_ds.map(lambda path, lbl: (tf.io.decode_jpeg(tf.io.read_file(path)), lbl), num_parallel_calls=AUTOTUNE)
# Batch and resize after batch, then prefetch
train_ds = val_ds.map(lambda imgs, lbls: (tf.image.resize(imgs, (IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE)), lbls), num_parallel_calls=AUTOTUNE)
val_ds = val_ds.map(lambda imgs, lbls: (tf.image.resize(imgs, (IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE)), lbls), num_parallel_calls=AUTOTUNE)
train_ds = train_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
val_ds = val_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
# Performance enchancement - cache, batch, prefetch
train_ds = train_ds.prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)
val_ds = val_ds.prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)\`
I tried changing the jpg file name but to no avail.
I'm working on deepstream code to pass rtsp streams to virtual V4L2 devices (I used v4l2loopback to create the virtual devices). I have a code that works without errors, however, I can't read the V4L2 device.
Does anyone know of a working DeepStream code where v4l2sink is used? I have tried to find an example without success.
Here is my code. The writing part to v4l2sink is in the function: create_v4l2sink_branch()
import sys
import gi
gi.require_version('Gst', '1.0')
gi.require_version('GstRtspServer', '1.0')
import math
import sys
import common.utils as DS_UTILS
import pyds
from common.bus_call import bus_call
from common.FPS import PERF_DATA
from common.is_aarch_64 import is_aarch64
from gi.repository import GLib, Gst, GstRtspServer
CODEC="H264"
BITRATE=4000000
MAX_DISPLAY_LEN = 64
MUXER_OUTPUT_WIDTH = 1920
MUXER_OUTPUT_HEIGHT = 1080
MUXER_BATCH_TIMEOUT_USEC = 400000
TILED_OUTPUT_WIDTH = 1920
TILED_OUTPUT_HEIGHT = 1080
GST_CAPS_FEATURES_NVMM = "memory:NVMM"
OSD_PROCESS_MODE = 0
OSD_DISPLAY_TEXT = 1
MUX_SYNC_INPUTS = 0
ds_loop=None
perf_data = None
def terminate_pipeline(u_data):
global ds_loop
pass
# if global_config.request_to_stop == True:
# print("Aborting pipeline by request")
# ds_loop.quit()
# return False
return True
def create_onscreen_branch(pipeline, gst_elem, index):
print("Creating EGLSink")
sink = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("nveglglessink", f"nvvideo-renderer-{index}")
sink.set_property('sync', 0)
sink.set_property('async', 1)
pipeline.add(sink)
if is_aarch64():
transform = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("nvegltransform", f"nvegl-transform{index}")
pipeline.add(transform)
gst_elem.link(transform)
transform.link(sink)
else:
gst_elem.link(sink)
sink.set_property("qos", 0)
def create_v4l2sink_branch(pipeline, gst_elem, index, output_video_device):
# Create a caps filter
caps = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("capsfilter", f"filter-{index}")
#caps.set_property("caps", Gst.Caps.from_string("video/x-raw(memory:NVMM), format=I420"))
#caps.set_property("caps", Gst.Caps.from_string("video/x-raw(memory:NVMM), format=NV12"))
identity = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("identity", f"identity-{index}")
identity.set_property("drop-allocation", 1)
nvvidconv = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("nvvideoconvert", f"convertor-{index}")
sink = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("v4l2sink", f"v4l2sink-{index}")
sink.set_property('device', output_video_device)
sink.set_property("sync", 0)
sink.set_property("async", 1)
pipeline.add(caps)
pipeline.add(nvvidconv)
pipeline.add(identity)
pipeline.add(sink)
gst_elem.link(caps)
caps.link(nvvidconv)
nvvidconv.link(identity)
identity.link(sink)
def run_pipeline(rtsp_v4l2_pairs):
# Check input arguments
number_sources = len(rtsp_v4l2_pairs)
perf_data = PERF_DATA(number_sources)
# Standard GStreamer initialization
Gst.init(None)
# Create gstreamer elements */
# Create Pipeline element that will form a connection of other elements
print("Creating Pipeline")
pipeline = Gst.Pipeline()
is_live = False
if not pipeline:
sys.stderr.write(" Unable to create Pipeline \n")
return
# Create nvstreammux instance to form batches from one or more sources.
streammux = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("nvstreammux", "Stream-muxer")
pipeline.add(streammux)
for i in range(number_sources):
uri_name = rtsp_v4l2_pairs[i][0]
print(" Creating source_bin {} --> {}".format(i, uri_name))
is_live = uri_name.find("rtsp://") == 0
source_bin = DS_UTILS.create_source_bin(i, uri_name)
pipeline.add(source_bin)
padname = "sink_%u" % i
sinkpad = streammux.get_request_pad(padname)
if not sinkpad:
sys.stderr.write("Unable to create sink pad bin \n")
srcpad = source_bin.get_static_pad("src")
if not srcpad:
sys.stderr.write("Unable to create src pad bin \n")
srcpad.link(sinkpad)
# streammux setup
if is_live:
print(" At least one of the sources is live")
streammux.set_property('live-source', 1)
streammux.set_property('width', MUXER_OUTPUT_WIDTH)
streammux.set_property('height', MUXER_OUTPUT_HEIGHT)
streammux.set_property('batch-size', number_sources)
streammux.set_property("batched-push-timeout", MUXER_BATCH_TIMEOUT_USEC)
#streammux.set_property("sync-inputs", MUX_SYNC_INPUTS)
queue = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("queue", "queue1")
pipeline.add(queue)
nvstreamdemux = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("nvstreamdemux", "nvstreamdemux")
pipeline.add(nvstreamdemux)
# linking
streammux.link(queue)
queue.link(nvstreamdemux)
for i in range(number_sources):
queue = DS_UTILS.create_gst_element("queue", f"queue{2+i}")
pipeline.add(queue)
demuxsrcpad = nvstreamdemux.get_request_pad(f"src_{i}")
if not demuxsrcpad:
sys.stderr.write("Unable to create demux src pad \n")
queuesinkpad = queue.get_static_pad("sink")
if not queuesinkpad:
sys.stderr.write("Unable to create queue sink pad \n")
demuxsrcpad.link(queuesinkpad)
#create_onscreen_branch(pipeline=pipeline, gst_elem=queue, index=i)
create_v4l2sink_branch(pipeline=pipeline, gst_elem=queue, index=i, output_video_device=rtsp_v4l2_pairs[i][1])
# for termate the pipeline
GLib.timeout_add_seconds(1, terminate_pipeline, 0)
# display FPS
GLib.timeout_add(5000, perf_data.perf_print_callback)
# create an event loop and feed gstreamer bus mesages to it
loop = GLib.MainLoop()
ds_loop = loop
bus = pipeline.get_bus()
bus.add_signal_watch()
bus.connect("message", bus_call, loop)
print("Starting pipeline")
# start play back and listed to events
pipeline.set_state(Gst.State.PLAYING)
try:
loop.run()
except:
pass
# cleanup
print("Pipeline ended")
pipeline.set_state(Gst.State.NULL)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import json
import sys
pairs = [
("rtsp://192.168.1.88:554/22", "/dev/video6")
]
run_pipeline(rtsp_v4l2_pairs=pairs)
I have been spending FAR too much time trying to figure this out - so time to seek help. I am attempting to use lmfit to fit two lognormals (a and c) as well as the sum of these two lognormals (a+c) to a size distribution. Mode a centers around x=0.2, y=1, mode c centers around x=1.2, y=<<<1. There are numerous size distributions (>200) which are all slightly different and are passed in to the following code from an outside loop. For this example, I have provided a real life distribution and have not included the loop. Hopefully my code is sufficiently annotated to allow understanding of what I am trying to achieve.
I must be missing some fundamental understanding of lmfit (spoiler alert - I'm not great at Maths either) as I have 2 problems:
the fits (a, c and a+c) do not accurately represent the data. Note how the fit (red solid line) diverts away from the data (blue solid line). I assume this is something to do with the initial guess parameters. I have tried LOTS and have been unable to get a good fit.
re-running the model with "new" best fit values (results2, results3) doesn't appear to significantly improve the fit at all. Why?
Example result using provided x and y data:
Here is one-I-made-earlier showing the type of fit I am after (produced using the older mpfit module, using different data than provided below and using unique initial best guess parameters (not in a loop). Excuse the legend format, I had to remove certain information):
Any assistance is much appreciated. Here is the code with an example distribution:
from lmfit import models
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# real life data example
y = np.array([1.000000, 0.754712, 0.610303, 0.527856, 0.412125, 0.329689, 0.255756, 0.184424, 0.136819,
0.102316, 0.078763, 0.060896, 0.047118, 0.020297, 0.007714, 0.010202, 0.008710, 0.005579,
0.004644, 0.004043, 0.002618, 0.001194, 0.001263, 0.001043, 0.000584, 0.000330, 0.000179,
0.000117, 0.000050, 0.000035, 0.000017, 0.000007])
x = np.array([0.124980, 0.130042, 0.135712, 0.141490, 0.147659, 0.154711, 0.162421, 0.170855, 0.180262,
0.191324, 0.203064, 0.215738, 0.232411, 0.261810, 0.320252, 0.360761, 0.448802, 0.482528,
0.525526, 0.581518, 0.658988, 0.870114, 1.001815, 1.238899, 1.341285, 1.535134, 1.691963,
1.973359, 2.285620, 2.572177, 2.900414, 3.342739])
# create the joint model using prefixes for each mode
model = (models.LognormalModel(prefix='p1_') +
models.LognormalModel(prefix='p2_'))
# add some best guesses for the model parameters
params = model.make_params(p1_center=0.1, p1_sigma=2, p1_amplitude=1,
p2_center=1, p2_sigma=2, p2_amplitude=0.000000000000001)
# bound those best guesses
# params['p1_amplitude'].min = 0.0
# params['p1_amplitude'].max = 1e5
# params['p1_sigma'].min = 1.01
# params['p1_sigma'].max = 5
# params['p1_center'].min = 0.01
# params['p1_center'].max = 1.0
#
# params['p2_amplitude'].min = 0.0
# params['p2_amplitude'].max = 1
# params['p2_sigma'].min = 1.01
# params['p2_sigma'].max = 10
# params['p2_center'].min = 1.0
# params['p2_center'].max = 3
# actually fit the model
result = model.fit(y, params, x=x)
# ====================================
# ================================
# re-run using the best-fit params derived above
params2 = model.make_params(p1_center=result.best_values['p1_center'], p1_sigma=result.best_values['p1_sigma'],
p1_amplitude=result.best_values['p1_amplitude'],
p2_center=result.best_values['p2_center'], p2_sigma=result.best_values['p2_sigma'],
p2_amplitude=result.best_values['p2_amplitude'], )
# re-fit the model
result2 = model.fit(y, params2, x=x)
# ================================
# re-run again using the best-fit params derived above
params3 = model.make_params(p1_center=result2.best_values['p1_center'], p1_sigma=result2.best_values['p1_sigma'],
p1_amplitude=result2.best_values['p1_amplitude'],
p2_center=result2.best_values['p2_center'], p2_sigma=result2.best_values['p2_sigma'],
p2_amplitude=result2.best_values['p2_amplitude'], )
# re-fit the model
result3 = model.fit(y, params3, x=x)
# ================================
# add individual fine and coarse modes using the revised fit parameters
model_a = models.LognormalModel()
params_a = model_a.make_params(center=result3.best_values['p1_center'], sigma=result3.best_values['p1_sigma'],
amplitude=result3.best_values['p1_amplitude'])
result_a = model_a.fit(y, params_a, x=x)
model_c = models.LognormalModel()
params_c = model_c.make_params(center=result3.best_values['p2_center'], sigma=result3.best_values['p2_sigma'],
amplitude=result3.best_values['p2_amplitude'])
result_c = model_c.fit(y, params_c, x=x)
# ====================================
plt.plot(x, y, 'b-', label='data')
plt.plot(x, result.best_fit, 'r-', label='best_fit_1')
plt.plot(x, result.init_fit, 'lightgrey', ls=':', label='ini_fit_1')
plt.plot(x, result2.best_fit, 'r--', label='best_fit_2')
plt.plot(x, result2.init_fit, 'lightgrey', ls='--', label='ini_fit_2')
plt.plot(x, result3.best_fit, 'r.-', label='best_fit_3')
plt.plot(x, result3.init_fit, 'lightgrey', ls='--', label='ini_fit_3')
plt.plot(x, result_a.best_fit, 'grey', ls=':', label='best_fit_a')
plt.plot(x, result_c.best_fit, 'grey', ls='--', label='best_fit_c')
plt.xscale("log")
plt.yscale("log")
plt.legend()
plt.show()
There are three main pieces of advice I can give:
initial values matter and should not be so far off as to make
portions of the model completely insensitive to the parameter
values. Your initial model is sort of off by several orders of
magnitude.
always look at the fit result. This is the primary
result -- the plot of the fit is a representation of the actual
numerical results. Not showing that you printed out the fit
report is a good indication that you did not look at the actual
result. Really, always look at the results.
if you are judging the quality of the fit based on a plot of
the data and model, use how you choose to plot the data to guide
how you fit the data. Specifically in your case, if you are
plotting on a log scale, then fit the log of the data to the log
of the model: fit in "log space".
Such a fit might look like this:
from lmfit import models, Model
from lmfit.lineshapes import lognormal
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([1.000000, 0.754712, 0.610303, 0.527856, 0.412125, 0.329689, 0.255756, 0.184424, 0.136819,
0.102316, 0.078763, 0.060896, 0.047118, 0.020297, 0.007714, 0.010202, 0.008710, 0.005579,
0.004644, 0.004043, 0.002618, 0.001194, 0.001263, 0.001043, 0.000584, 0.000330, 0.000179,
0.000117, 0.000050, 0.000035, 0.000017, 0.000007])
x = np.array([0.124980, 0.130042, 0.135712, 0.141490, 0.147659, 0.154711, 0.162421, 0.170855, 0.180262,
0.191324, 0.203064, 0.215738, 0.232411, 0.261810, 0.320252, 0.360761, 0.448802, 0.482528,
0.525526, 0.581518, 0.658988, 0.870114, 1.001815, 1.238899, 1.341285, 1.535134, 1.691963,
1.973359, 2.285620, 2.572177, 2.900414, 3.342739])
# use a model that is the log of the sum of two log-normal functions
# note to be careful about log(x) for x < 0.
def log_lognormal(x, amp1, cen1, sig1, amp2, cen2, sig2):
comp1 = lognormal(x, amp1, cen1, sig1)
comp2 = lognormal(x, amp2, cen2, sig2)
total = comp1 + comp2
total[np.where(total<1.e-99)] = 1.e-99
return np.log(comp1+comp2)
model = Model(log_lognormal)
params = model.make_params(amp1=5.0, cen1=-4, sig1=1,
amp2=0.1, cen2=-1, sig2=1)
# part of making sure that the lognormals are strictly positive
params['amp1'].min = 0
params['amp2'].min = 0
result = model.fit(np.log(y), params, x=x)
print(result.fit_report()) # <-- HERE IS WHERE THE RESULTS ARE!!
# also, make a plot of data and fit
plt.plot(x, y, 'b-', label='data')
plt.plot(x, np.exp(result.best_fit), 'r-', label='best_fit')
plt.plot(x, np.exp(result.init_fit), 'grey', label='ini_fit')
plt.xscale("log")
plt.yscale("log")
plt.legend()
plt.show()
This will print out
[[Model]]
Model(log_lognormal)
[[Fit Statistics]]
# fitting method = leastsq
# function evals = 211
# data points = 32
# variables = 6
chi-square = 0.91190970
reduced chi-square = 0.03507345
Akaike info crit = -101.854407
Bayesian info crit = -93.0599914
[[Variables]]
amp1: 21.3565856 +/- 193.951379 (908.16%) (init = 5)
cen1: -4.40637490 +/- 3.81299642 (86.53%) (init = -4)
sig1: 0.77286862 +/- 0.55925566 (72.36%) (init = 1)
amp2: 0.00401804 +/- 7.5833e-04 (18.87%) (init = 0.1)
cen2: -0.74055538 +/- 0.13043827 (17.61%) (init = -1)
sig2: 0.64346873 +/- 0.04102122 (6.38%) (init = 1)
[[Correlations]] (unreported correlations are < 0.100)
C(amp1, cen1) = -0.999
C(cen1, sig1) = -0.999
C(amp1, sig1) = 0.997
C(cen2, sig2) = -0.964
C(amp2, cen2) = -0.940
C(amp2, sig2) = 0.849
C(sig1, amp2) = -0.758
C(cen1, amp2) = 0.740
C(amp1, amp2) = -0.726
C(sig1, cen2) = 0.687
C(cen1, cen2) = -0.669
C(amp1, cen2) = 0.655
C(sig1, sig2) = -0.598
C(cen1, sig2) = 0.581
C(amp1, sig2) = -0.567
and generate a plot like
My project need to receive mqtt data and videostream data at the same time. However, when my raspi receiving video data by open cv, it cant receive iOT data at the same time.
My raspi need to check if the iot data is on, and the video will not turn on and receive data.
So the piority is
iOT sensor check if there is something detected-----> video will not turn. (case 1)
iOT sensor check if there is nothing detected-------> video turn on and receive another image data.
[Update 2]
# import the necessary packages
from collections import deque
from imutils.video import VideoStream
import numpy as np
import argparse
import cv2
import imutils
import time
import serial
import struct
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
#subscribe mqtt publisher with topic "esp/pot"
def on_connect(client, userdata,flags, rc):
client.subscribe("/esp/pot")
#get the data from the publisher and save to integer variable "bdy"
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
bdy=int(msg.payload)
#when disconnect stop the loop of mqtt function
def on_disconnect(client, userdata,rc=0):
client.loop_stop()
#Assign the mqtt client as client
client = mqtt.Client()
#Assign the mqtt connect function to client connect
client.on_connect = on_connect
#Assign the mqtt message function to client message
client.on_message = on_message
#set the client connect to local broker host
client.connect("localhost", 1883, 60) # localhost is the Raspberry Pi itself
#Below is setting up the OpenCV function
# construct the argument parse and parse the arguments
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
#get the video if path provided
ap.add_argument("-v", "--video",
help="path to the (optional) video file")
ap.add_argument("-b", "--buffer", type=int, default=0,
help="max buffer size")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())
# define detect object, in here is a green object
# define the lower and upper boundaries of the "green" color in HSV value
# ball in the HSV colorspace, then initialize the
# list of tracked points
greenLower = (25, 96, 49)
greenUpper = (39, 255, 255)
Lower = greenLower
Upper = greenUpper
#define the trace point of the object detected, here is centroid
pts = deque(maxlen=args["buffer"])
#setup the serial port for arduino, which is for another motor control
ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0',9600)
# if a video path was not supplied, grab the reference
# to the webcam (we use webcam in this project
if not args.get("video", False):
vs = VideoStream(src=0).start()
# otherwise, grab a reference to the video file
else:
vs = cv2.VideoCapture(args["video"])
# allow the camera or video file to warm up
time.sleep(2.0)
#initialize the integer variable "bdy" to zero
bdy = 0
# main function body, keep looping
while True:
# grab the current frame of the webcam
frame = vs.read()
# handle the frame from VideoCapture or VideoStream
frame = frame[1] if args.get("video", False) else frame
# if we are viewing a video and we did not grab a frame,
# then we have reached the end of the video
if frame is None:
break
# resize the frame, blur it, and convert it to the HSV
# color space
frame = imutils.resize(frame, width=246)
blurred = cv2.GaussianBlur(frame, (11, 11), 0)
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(blurred, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
# construct a mask for the color "green", then perform
# a series of dilations and erosions to remove any small
# blobs left in the mask
mask = cv2.inRange(hsv, Lower, Upper)
mask = cv2.erode(mask, None, iterations=2)
mask = cv2.dilate(mask, None, iterations=2)
# find contours in the mask and initialize the current
# (x, y) center of the green object
cnts = cv2.findContours(mask.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = imutils.grab_contours(cnts)
#initial center value
center = None
#start mqtt client loop function for receiving data from broker, int variable "bdy"
client.loop_start()
#if the data from broker is not 1
if bdy != 1:
#printout bdy value for debug
print (bdy)
# only proceed if at least one contour of green object was found
if len(cnts) > 0:
# find the largest contour in the mask, then use
# it to compute the minimum enclosing circle and
# centroid
c = max(cnts, key=cv2.contourArea)
#save webcam detected object centroid to cX and cY
((x, y), radius) = cv2.minEnclosingCircle(c)
M = cv2.moments(c)
cX = int(M["m10"] / M["m00"])
cY = int(M["m01"] / M["m00"])
#locate the centre of the green object
center = (cX, cY)
# only proceed if the radius of the detected green object meets a minimum size,
# say radius >2 to remove unneccssary noise
if radius > 2:
# draw the circle and centroid on the frame,
# then update the list of tracked points
#cv2.circle(frame, (int(x), int(y)), int(radius),
#(0, 255, 255), 2)
cv2.circle(frame, center, 5, (0, 0, 255), -1)
# print x_position
print (cX)
# send the cX value to the arduino by serial port with braud rate 9600
ser.write(struct.pack('>H', cX))
# if the data from broker is not 1,
# here the broker actually just send data from sensor with digital value
# so it should be 0
else:
print("boundary detected")
#stop the client loop function from receive data for clearing the retain messsage
client.loop_stop()
# show the frame from webcam to raspberry pi screen for debug
cv2.imshow("Frame", frame)
#awaiting user press key for action
chkKey = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
# if the 'q' key is pressed, stop the main function body "while True loop"
if chkKey == ord("q"):
break
# if we are not using a video file, stop the camera video stream
if not args.get("video", False):
vs.stop()
# otherwise, release the camera
else:
vs.release()
# close all windows
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#stop the client loop function
client.loop_stop()