FINAL UPDATE:
Code updated with final working version, got everything working thanks to the code found on: How to flush stdin without requiring user input?
Im programming C and having some trouble redirecting output from a parent process to a child process using file descriptors.
The idea of all of this, is for program A to be the middleman between all the data that goes from two programs.
I have a process A that creates a child process B which executes a execlp to a program C. There is also a program D that communicates with process A by named pipes and the idea is to redirect this communication to program C using unnamed pipes.
Right now my programs redirect the inicial communication from C to A to D correctly and from D to A correctly but fails when the redirection from A to C is supposed to happen.
I think the problem is that fgets() does not seem to retrieve the input unless two enters are given. I've tried using scanf, fscanf, getchar() and others aswell as flushing in multiple ways, nothing worked.
The only problem really is the fact that two inputs seem to be required for the communication of A to C to occur.
There are a million posts about this, and i've tried a lot of them to no sucess.
Can anyone help? Sorry if it sounds confusing.
Process A:(middleman)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(void)
{ //0->read 1->write
int fd_out[2];
int fd_in[2];
pipe(fd_out);
pipe(fd_in);
pid_t pid = fork(); //Create process B
char s[BUFSIZ];
char s2[BUFSIZ];
if ( pid == 0 )
{
close(STDOUT_FILENO);
dup(fd_out[1]);
close(fd_out[0]);
close(STDIN_FILENO);
dup(fd_in[0]);
close(fd_in[1]);
if(execlp("./test_pipe_game","./test_pipe_game",(char*)NULL) == -1){
printf("Error EXECL\n"); //Program C
}
}else{
int fifo;
char * myfifo = "/tmp/fifo123";
mkfifo(myfifo, 0666);
close (fd_out[1]);
close(fd_in[0]);
while(1){
read(fd_out[0], s, BUFSIZ);
printf("Game said:\n%s \nsending to client...\n", s);
fifo = open(myfifo, O_WRONLY);
write(fifo, s, BUFSIZ);
close(fifo);
fifo = open(myfifo, O_RDONLY);
read(fifo, s2, BUFSIZ);
close(fifo);
printf("Client said:\n%s \nsending to game...\n", s2);
write(fd_in[1], s2, BUFSIZ);
fflush(stdout);
printf("Sent!\n");
}
}
int status;
waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
if ( WIFEXITED(status) )
{
int exit_status = WEXITSTATUS(status);
printf("Exit status of the child was %d, my pid = %d\n",
exit_status, getpid());
}
return 0;
}
Program C:(game)
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
//https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54299405/how-to-flush-stdin-without-requiring-user-input
int flush_in(FILE *file)
{
int ch;
int flags;
int fd;
fd = fileno(file);
flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
if (flags < 0) {
return -1;
}
if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK)) {
return -1;
}
do {
ch = fgetc(file);
} while (ch != EOF);
clearerr(file);
if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags)) {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int main(){
char s[BUFSIZ];
char aux;
int c;
int i = 0;
while(1){
printf("Say something client!\n");
fflush(stdout);
//fgets(s, BUFSIZ, stdin);
scanf("%s",s);
printf("I received %s from the client!\n", s);
flush_in(stdin);
}
}
Program D(client)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int fd1;
char * myfifo = "/tmp/fifo123";
char str1[BUFSIZ];
char str2[BUFSIZ];
while (1)
{
system("clear");
fd1 = open(myfifo,O_RDONLY);
read(fd1, str1, BUFSIZ);
close(fd1);
printf("The game said:\n%s\n", str1);
printf("Say something:\n");
//fgets(str2, BUFSIZ, stdin);
scanf("%s",str2);
fd1 = open(myfifo,O_WRONLY);
write(fd1, str2, BUFSIZ);
close(fd1);
}
return 0;
}
UPDATE:
Like #CraigEstey and #thebusybee said my problem was using only one pipe, when i added the second pipe it solved the issue. I now have another problem, which seems to be related to reading from stdin without getting trash, i get no trash from the first 2 or 3 communications but after that fgets only reads trash. Flushing stdin does not seem to solve much. I've updated the codes if anyone wants to help!
Related
Referring to following code example, I want the main thread to supply the number num that the child thread is expecting using scanf.
I tried this way to write the wordcount (9) to stdin which is to be read by child thread, but it is not working.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void* child_thread_func(void* terminalflag)
{
int num=0;
printf("Trying to read num from stdin\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
/*expecting 9 to be printed here*/
printf("Entered number is %d\n", num);
}
int main () {
pthread_t tid;
if (pthread_create(&tid, NULL, &child_thread_func, NULL) != 0) {
printf("Failed to initialize thread\n");
exit(1);
}
sleep(2);
char buffer[50];
FILE *wfp = popen("wc -c", "w");
if (wfp != NULL) {
sprintf(buffer, "dummyword");
int save_stdin = dup(fileno(stdin));
dup2(fileno(wfp), fileno(stdin));
fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), strlen(buffer), wfp);
dup2(save_stdin, fileno(stdin));
pclose(wfp);
}
pthread_join(tid, NULL);
}
Can someone suggest a correct way or any other alternative way to do this?
Thanks.
I don't think there is any good way for a process to write text to its own stdin; stdin is meant to be a way for the parent process (or the user, if the parent process is a Terminal window) to send data to your process, not for your process to send data to itself.
However, you could achieve a similar result by having your child thread use select() or similar to read input from both stdin and from the output end of a pipe; then your parent process can send data to the child process by writing to the input end of that same pipe.
Below is a modified version of your program demonstrating the technique. Note that the child thread will print out any text that you type into stdin; and also the main thread will send a line of text to the child thread once every 5 seconds, and the child thread will also print out that text. After the main thread has sent 5 messages to the child thread, the main thread will close its end of the pipe, causing the child thread to exit and then the process can exit cleanly as well.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
static int pipeReadFD = -1;
static int ReadTextFrom(const char * descriptionOfSender, int fd)
{
char buf[256];
const int numBytesRead = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1); // -1 so we always have room to place NUL terminator byte
if (numBytesRead > 0)
{
buf[numBytesRead] = '\0'; // make sure the string is NUL-terminated
printf("ReadTextFrom(): Read %i bytes from [%s]: [%s]\n", numBytesRead, descriptionOfSender, buf);
}
return numBytesRead;
}
void* init_on_sys_ready(void* terminalflag)
{
int num=0;
printf("Child thread: trying to read text from stdin\n");
while(1)
{
const int stdinFD = fileno(stdin);
const int maxFD = (pipeReadFD > stdinFD) ? pipeReadFD : stdinFD;
fd_set readFDSet;
FD_ZERO(&readFDSet);
FD_SET(stdinFD, &readFDSet);
FD_SET(pipeReadFD, &readFDSet);
const int selRet = select(maxFD+1, &readFDSet, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (selRet >= 0)
{
if ((FD_ISSET(stdinFD, &readFDSet))&&(ReadTextFrom("stdin", stdinFD) <= 0)) break;
if ((FD_ISSET(pipeReadFD, &readFDSet))&&(ReadTextFrom("pipe", pipeReadFD) <= 0)) break;
}
else
{
perror("select");
break;
}
}
printf("Child thread exiting!\n");
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
int pipeFDs[2];
if (pipe(pipeFDs) < 0)
{
perror("pipe");
return -1;
}
pipeReadFD = pipeFDs[0];
int pipeWriteFD = pipeFDs[1];
pthread_t tid;
if (pthread_create(&tid, NULL, &init_on_sys_ready, NULL) != 0) {
printf("Failed to initialize CLI\n");
exit(1);
}
int count = 0;
for (int count=0; count < 5; count++)
{
char buf[512];
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Hello #%i from main thread", ++count);
const size_t slen = strlen(buf);
if (write(pipeWriteFD, buf, slen) == slen)
{
printf("main() sent [%s] to the child thread via the pipe.\n", buf);
}
else
{
perror("write");
break;
}
sleep(5);
}
close(pipeWriteFD); // this will cause the child thread to exit ASAP
pthread_join(tid, NULL);
return 0;
}
popen's man states:
[...] the command's standard output is the same as that of the process that called popen()
So you just need a way to redirect stdout to stdin.
Which is exactly what pipe is for. It links an output fd with an input fd.
As pipe creates new fds, we need to use dup2 to replace stdin and stdout, as you've already did in your example code. Threads share the same memory, so you don't have to worry about any child/parent differences in fds.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void* child_thread_func(void* terminalflag)
{
int num=0;
printf("Trying to read num from stdin\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
/*expecting 9 to be printed here*/
printf("Entered number is %d\n", num);
}
int main () {
setbuf(stdin, NULL);
pthread_t tid;
if (pthread_create(&tid, NULL, &child_thread_func, NULL) != 0) {
printf("Failed to initialize thread\n");
exit(1);
}
int save_stdin = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
int save_stdout = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
int tube[2];
pipe(tube);
dup2(tube[0], STDIN_FILENO);
dup2(tube[1], STDOUT_FILENO);
char buffer[50] = {0};
FILE *wfp = popen("wc -c", "w");
if (wfp != NULL) {
sprintf(buffer, "dummyword");
fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), strlen(buffer), wfp);
pclose(wfp);
}
dup2(save_stdin, STDIN_FILENO);
dup2(save_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
pthread_join(tid, NULL);
}
This is all done on a linux machine.
I have a pipe, fp, sending from the parent to the child the name of a file using a buffer.
The buffer is:
char buf[20];
the child has the following code:
{
//we are in the child
close(fp[1]);
int fd;
read(fp[0],buf,20);
if((fd=(open(buf, O_RDONLY)))==-1) exit(1);
else exit(0);
close(fp[0]);
}
Even if I type in the name of a file that exists, I'm getting the exit status of 1. So...
this unfortunately doesn't work. The issue is that the buff itself not only does '\n', but also also plenty of '\0', all of which don't actually exist in the name of real file. I've tried replacing the '\n' with a '\0' but that also doesn't work. How can I solve this?
Here's the whole code.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(){
int fp[2];
if (pipe(fp) < 0){
printf("error creating pipe\n");
exit(-1);
}
int id;
char buf[20];
id=fork();
//father process here --------------------------------
if (id!=0){
close(fp[0]); //closing read
printf("program name: ");
fflush(stdout);
read(STDIN_FILENO,buf,20);
write(fp[1],buf,20);
int waitstatus, exitcode;
wait(&waitstatus);
//check if exited correctly
if (WIFEXITED(waitstatus))
exitcode = WEXITSTATUS(waitstatus);
else
{
printf("Bad exit\n");
return 0;
}
if (exitcode==1) printf("error, file doesn't exist\n");
else printf("file does exist\n");
close(fp[1]);
}
//child process here --------------------
else{
close(fp[1]); //closing write
int fd;
read(fp[0],buf,20);
//write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, 20);
if((fd=(open(buf, O_RDONLY)))==-1) exit(1);
exit(0);
close(fp[0]);
}
}
You send the full buf which contains a newline and other indeterminate values. You need to remove the newline and I suggest that you only send what you need on the receiving end.
printf("program name: ");
fflush(stdout);
if(fgets(buf, sizeof buf, stdin)==NULL) return 1;
size_t len = strlen(buf);
buf[len - 1] = '\0'; // remove the newline
write(fp[1], buf, len); // only send what you actually need
I'm trying to create two-way communication between parent and child processes using 2 pipes in C.the prog1 running in child1
I want to read 3+4+5 from prog1 after that send something to prog1 with write but I could not.
Where is the wrong?
/* prog1.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void
main(void){
int FD;
unsigned int buf;
char buf[15];
printf("7+5+11=?\n");
FD=read(0,buf,10);
if(FD<0){
perror("FAIL\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("TAKED:%s\n",buf);
}
prog2.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
void ERR_SYS(const char *msg);
int
main(void){
char buf[15];
int pipe1[2];
int pipe2[2];
pid_t childpid;
memset(buf,'\0',14);
if(pipe(pipe1) < 0 || pipe(pipe2) < 0)
ERR_SYS("fail_pipe");
if((childpid = fork()) < 0)
ERR_SYS("fail_fork");
if(childpid==0)
{
dup2(pipe2[1],1);
dup2(pipe1[0],0);
close(pipe1[1]);
close(pipe2[0]);
close(pipe2[1]);
close(pipe1[0]);
//close(1);
//close(0);
execle("./prog1",NULL,NULL,NULL);
}else{
close(pipe1[0]);
close(pipe2[1]);
read(pipe2[0],buf,4); /*I hope to read 3+4+5*/
printf("BuF::%s\n",buf);
write(pipe1[1],"off",3);/*send {off}*/
wait(NULL);
}
return 0;
}
void
ERR_SYS(const char *msg)
{
perror(msg);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
There are few problems with your program:
You are not checking returned values of read, write and execle in prog2.c
You are sending "7+5+11=?\n" string which is 10 characters long but only expecting 4 characters ( 3+4+5 is not even four characters ).
Also "off" you are sending is 3 characters long but without including null termination.
When you read from an fd you will in both cases not get null terminated string and then you are trying to printf it. It's a quick way to undefined behaviour. Put an '\0' after the end of buffer you read from any file descriptor!
Especially what read returns is very important as it tells you how many characters were read. You should never ignore returned value of read (in some cases it's the same with write function).
Next time also provide some output of your program as it will be easier to give some help.
I didn't follow all your logic in setting up the pipes, so I modified and hopefully clarified your original. I should note that for whatever reason I named fd_in and fd_out from the external program's (prog1) point of view (e.g. fd_out is where prog1 is writing to, fd_in is where prog1 is reading from).
Here's the contents of my prog3.c:
...
#define READ_END 0
#define WRITE_END 1
void ERR_SYS(const char *msg);
int main(void) {
char buff[15];
char *msg = "hello";
int fd_out[2];
int fd_in[2];
int nbytes;
pid_t childpid;
if(pipe(fd_out) < 0 || pipe(fd_in) < 0) {
ERR_SYS("fail_pipe");
}
if((childpid = fork()) < 0) {
ERR_SYS("fail_fork");
}
if(childpid==0) { //child
//connect the write end of fd_out to stdout
dup2(fd_out[WRITE_END], STDOUT_FILENO);
close(fd_out[WRITE_END]);
//connect the read end of fd_in to stdin
dup2(fd_in[READ_END], STDIN_FILENO);
close(fd_in[READ_END]);
//the exec'd prog1 will inherit the streams
execlp("./prog1", "prog1", NULL); //TODO: check return
} else { //parent
nbytes = write(fd_in[WRITE_END], msg, strlen(msg));
//TODO: handle any errors from write
nbytes = read(fd_out[READ_END],buff,sizeof(buff)-1);
//TODO: handle any errors from read
buff[nbytes] = '\0';
printf("contents of buff::%s",buff);
}
return 0;
}
void ERR_SYS(const char *msg) {
perror(msg);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
And here's the contents of my prog1.c
int main(void){
char buff[15];
int nbytes;
nbytes = read(STDIN_FILENO, buff, sizeof(buff)-1);
buff[nbytes] = '\0';
printf("%s world\n", buff);
return 0;
}
I'm studying linux fifos and I made two small C programs which communicate through fifo. The first one acts like a server, it receive a pattern and executes a command using that pattern. The second one acts like a client, it sends the pattern and receive the result. I want the server to be capable of serving multiple requests, not necessarily simultaneously, but the weird thing is that after the first client is served it just stops although I put there an infinite loop.
server.c
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
void siginthandler(int i){
remove("./fifo1");
remove("./fifo2");
printf("Got SIGINT signal\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
signal(SIGINT, siginthandler);
int f = mkfifo("./fifo1", 0600);
if (f == -1){
perror("Unable to create fifo1\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
f = mkfifo("./fifo2", 0600);
if (f == -1){
perror("Unable to create fifo2\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int fd1 = open("./fifo1", O_RDONLY);
int fd2 = open("./fifo2", O_WRONLY);
if (fd1 == -1 || fd2 == -1){
perror("Unable to open fifos\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while (1){
char buf[50];
char pattern[50];
read(fd1, pattern, 50);
char command[80] = "ps -e | grep ";
strcat(command, pattern);
FILE *result = popen(command, "r");
while (fgets(buf, 50, result)){
write(fd2, buf, 50);
//printf("%s", buf);
}
memset((void *) buf, 0, 50);
write(fd2, buf, 50);
pclose(result);
}
remove("./fifo1");
remove("./fifo2");
return 0;
}
client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
int fd1 = open("./fifo1", O_WRONLY);
int fd2 = open("./fifo2", O_RDONLY);
if ((fd1 == -1) || (fd2 == -1)){
perror("Unable to find fifos");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char input[50];
printf("Give pattern: ");
scanf("%s", input);
write(fd1, input, 50);
char buf[50];
while (read(fd2, buf, 50) == 50){
if (buf[0] == 0){
break;
}
printf("%s", buf);
}
return 0;
}
When the first client closes the FIFO, the server gets EOF on the FIFO, and continues to get no new data in perpetuity. The server has to reopen the FIFO for the next client. If there were multiple clients all with the FIFO open concurrently, the server would not get EOF until the last of the clients disconnected (as long as there is one writer, the reader — the server — will be OK).
This is expected behaviour — or, since you weren't expecting it, is the behaviour that should be expected.
Of course, since your code completely ignores the return value from read(), you have no idea what, if anything, is being read.
The code:
memset((void *) buf, 0, 50);
write(fd2, buf, 50);
is curious; why would you send a buffer of 50 0 bytes to the client? You could perfectly well close the FIFO without sending that.
Also note that writing on a FIFO where there isn't a reader will generate a SIGPIPE signal — and you aren't handling those. The default action for SIGPIPE is to exit.
Writing to a pipe gets you a SIGPIPE if there's no reader; you need to have the server open the pipe for reading, so there is a reader (which doesn't read anything, but it exists).
I want to make a simple program, that fork, and the child writes into the named pipe and the parent reads and displays from the named pipe.
The problem is that it enters the parent, does the first printf and then it gets weird, it doesn't do anything else, does not get to the second printf, it just ways for input in the console.
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
void main()
{
char t[100];
mkfifo("myfifo",777);
pid_t pid;
pid = fork();
if (pid==0)
{
//execl("fifo2","fifo2",(char*)0);
char r[100];
printf("scrie2->");
scanf("%s",r);
int fp;
fp = open("myfifo",O_WRONLY);
write(fp,r,99);
close(fp);
printf("exit kid \n");
exit(0);
} else
{
wait(0);
printf("entered parent \n"); // <- this it prints
// whats below this line apparently its not being executed
int fz; printf("1");
fz = open("myfifo",O_RDONLY); printf("2");
printf("fd: %d",fz);
char p[100];
int size;
printf("------");
//struct stat *info;
//stat("myfifo",info); printf("%d",(*info).st_size);
read(fz,p,99);
close(fz);
printf("%s",p);
printf("exit"); exit(0);
}
}
You really should be checking the return value on function calls for errors, especially mkfifo() and open().
Your call to wait() is going to cause problems in its current location. Opening a FIFO for reading normally blocks until some other process opens the same FIFO for writing, and vice versa1. The parent is waiting for the child to terminate and the child is waiting for a reader process, i.e., the parent, to connect to the FIFO.
1 - see note on open() below for using O_NONBLOCK with a FIFO
Moving the wait() call to just before the parent process exits along with changing the mode in the call to mkfifo() to 0666 seems to resolve some of your immediate problems.
It is also good practice to remove the FIFO when you are finished with it.
unlink("myfifo");
From the open() function documentation in IEEE Std 1003.1-2004:
When opening a FIFO with O_RDONLY or O_WRONLY set:
If O_NONBLOCK is set, an open() for reading-only shall return without delay. An open() for writing-only shall return an error if no process currently has the file open for reading.
If O_NONBLOCK is clear, an open() for reading-only shall block the calling thread until a thread opens the file for writing. An open() for writing-only shall block the calling thread until a thread opens the file for reading.
The following example is a combination of the code in your original question and the FIFO page of Beej's Guide to Unix IPC:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define FIFO_NAME "myfifo"
int main(void)
{
char buf[256];
int num, fd;
pid_t pid;
if (mkfifo(FIFO_NAME, 0666) < 0)
perror("mkfifo");
pid = fork();
if (pid == 0)
{
printf("child - waiting for readers...\n");
if ((fd = open(FIFO_NAME, O_WRONLY)) < 0)
perror("child - open");
printf("child - got a reader -- type some stuff\n");
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin), !feof(stdin))
{
if ((num = write(fd, buf, strlen(buf))) < 0)
perror("child - write");
else
printf("child - wrote %d bytes\n", num);
}
close(fd);
exit(0);
}
else
{
printf("parent - waiting for writers...\n");
if ((fd = open(FIFO_NAME, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
perror("parent - open");
printf("parent - got a writer\n");
do
{
if ((num = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0)
perror("parent - read");
else
{
buf[num] = '\0';
printf("parent - read %d bytes: \"%s\"\n", num, buf);
}
} while (num > 0);
close(fd);
wait(0);
}
unlink(FIFO_NAME);
return 0;
}
This example was tested in Linux. Press Ctrl-D to terminate the program.
First of all, try fprintf to stderr instead of printf (to stdout)
The stderr is unbuffered.
Then you can tell what actually gets printed and what does not.
or at least add fflush before waiting for anything.