Let's say I run the following command to compile/run a basic C program which returns the result 48:
$ gcc -v -o file.o file.c && ./file.o; echo $?
# 48
The -v flag returns a lot of data, for example:
$ gcc -v -o file.o file.c && ./file.o; echo $?
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.4 (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'file.o' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu file.c -quiet -dumpbase file.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase file -version -fstack-protector -Wformat -Wformat-security -o /tmp/ccZ9MZvc.s
GNU C (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1) version 4.8.4 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 4.8.4, GMP version 5.1.3, MPFR version 3.1.2-p3, MPC version 1.0.1
warning: MPFR header version 3.1.2-p3 differs from library version 3.1.3.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include-fixed
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1) version 4.8.4 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 4.8.4, GMP version 5.1.3, MPFR version 3.1.2-p3, MPC version 1.0.1
warning: MPFR header version 3.1.2-p3 differs from library version 3.1.3.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 47b61fdffcea151b8f9b26c4df78cd3c
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'file.o' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
as -v --64 -o /tmp/cc5PIIv9.o /tmp/ccZ9MZvc.s
GNU assembler version 2.24 (x86_64-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.24
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'file.o' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/collect2 --sysroot=/ --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -z relro -o file.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../.. /tmp/cc5PIIv9.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
48
From what I gather (I think?) the three commands it is running are:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu file.c -quiet -dumpbase file.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase file -version -fstack-protector -Wformat -Wformat-security -o /tmp/ccZ9MZvc.s
as -v --64 -o /tmp/cc5PIIv9.o /tmp/ccZ9MZvc.s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/collect2 --sysroot=/ --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -z relro -o file.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../.. /tmp/cc5PIIv9.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
Is that correct, or is it running other commands as well that I may have missed. I know this is very broad, but could someone explain basically what those three commands are doing / perhaps re-writing them to exclude any non-essential options?
After playing around with it a bit it seems like it can be boiled down to (roughly):
$ cc1 file.c -o file.s
$ as -o file.o file.s
But the collect2 / ld command has been a bit tricky.
Related
I downloaded and built (seemingly correctly) the relevant BLAS and CBLAS libraries (from netlib.org/blas) in my Linux Fedora environment. The result of this was a blas_LINUX.a file, which I renamed libblas.a and copied to \usr\local\lib, and a cblas.h file which I copied to \usr\include. I subsequently tried referencing this in a CMakeList.txt file in a CLion project. The file is as follows:
project(test C)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
include_directories(include)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} src/main.c)
find_library(blas libblas.a /usr/local/lib)
MESSAGE(STATUS "CBLAS location is: " ${blas})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${blas})
Going by the message that cmake produces when reloaded, the cblas library seems to get found fine. However when I try and run my application, I get the following linker error message:
undefined reference to `cblas_dgemm`
Following are the contents of my main.c file
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cblas.h>
int main(int arg, char *args[]) {
.
.
.
printf("Processing cblas_dgemm matrix multiplication.\n");
cblas_dgemm(CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasNoTrans, N, N, N, alpha, A[0], N, B[0], N, beta, C[0], N);
.
.
.
return 0;
}
I'm not entirely sure where I'm going wrong here. I'm very new using cmake, and I'm going around in circles trying to figure out what the problems is, when searching online. Any pointers in the right direction would be greatly received, and appreciated.
Ammendment (CMakeOutput.txt is as follows)
The system is: Linux - 5.4.8-200.fc31.x86_64 - x86_64
Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" succeeded.
Compiler: /usr/bin/cc
Build flags:
Id flags:
The output was:
0
Compilation of the C compiler identification source "CMakeCCompilerId.c" produced "a.out"
The C compiler identification is GNU, found in "/home/xxx.xxx/CLionProjects/assignment_2/cmake-build-debug/CMakeFiles/3.15.3/CompilerIdC/a.out"
Determining if the C compiler works passed with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/xxx.xxx/CLionProjects/assignment_2/cmake-build-debug/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command(s):/usr/bin/gmake cmTC_3ac25/fast && gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/xxx.xxx/CLionProjects/assignment_2/cmake-build-debug/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
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Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_3ac25.dir/testCCompiler.c.o
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gmake[2]: Leaving directory '/home/xxx.xxx/CLionProjects/assignment_2/cmake-build-debug/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/xxx.xxx/CLionProjects/assignment_2/cmake-build-debug/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Detecting C compiler ABI info compiled with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/xxx.xxx/CLionProjects/assignment_2/cmake-build-debug/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
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Using built-in specs.
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implicit libs: [gcc;gcc_s;c;gcc;gcc_s]
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implicit fwks: []
Your CMakeLists.txt should have something that looks like this, following the FindBLAS suggestion:
include(FindBLAS)
if (BLAS_FOUND)
target_compile_options(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${BLAS_LIBRARIES})
endif ()
Looks like the dynamic linker cannot find a shared library.
You can use ldd to inspect dynamic dependencies
Example looking at the dependencies of /bin/ls
ldd /bin/ls
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcc3563000)
libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f87e5459000)
libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f87e5254000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f87e4e92000)
libpcre.so.1 => /lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f87e4c22000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f87e4a1e000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00005574bf12e000)
libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f87e4817000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f87e45fa000)
Ensure the .so files exist at the path specified.
ldd manpage
I do not know how exactly you generated your libblas.a, but you could have a look at the FindBLAS CMake directive. (Take care about the note regarding C/C++)
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.14/module/FindBLAS.html
There are a bunch of things that can go wrong here, but to simplify:
copy libblas.a into the same directory as your program
Reference it explicitly in the makefile.
Check to see the location of CBLAS in your output (not shown)
Verify the permissions of libblas.a, and look at the symbols using nm
Force CMake to link everything statically (e.g. here static link question
Your symptoms suggest that you are picking up some other blas library at compile but not at runtime.
I'm aware that there are many threads about this on Stackoverflow but non of the solutions helped me. I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 with all the stuff that a dev typically needs: build-essential, libreadline-dev, ...
I had a look in /usr/include/readline but readline is definitely there!
gcc always tells me:
undefined reference to "readline"
This happens by the way independently if i'm linking with "-lreadline" or not.
Edit
As user #Kamil Cuk already provided the simple solution I'd like to add some more information:
$ gcc -lreadline -o code code.c
works on MacOS with apple-gcc (which uses clang) as well as with gnu-gcc (installed via brew). Only on Ubuntu the linker-flag has to be after "code.c"
(perhaps because Ubuntu uses gcc-7 and on my Mac I'm using gcc-8)
Edit end
code.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <readline/readline.h>
int main(void) {
char * buffer = readline("enter sth: ");
printf("%s\n", buffer);
printf("bye!\n");
}
libreadline-dev package info
dpkg -L libreadline-dev
/.
/usr
/usr/include
/usr/include/readline
/usr/include/readline/chardefs.h
/usr/include/readline/history.h
/usr/include/readline/keymaps.h
/usr/include/readline/readline.h
/usr/include/readline/rlconf.h
/usr/include/readline/rlstdc.h
/usr/include/readline/rltypedefs.h
/usr/include/readline/tilde.h
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhistory.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libreadline.a
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/info
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhistory.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libreadline.so
/usr/share/doc/libreadline-dev
gcc command
$ gcc -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lreadline -Wall -Werror -v -o code code.c
gcc err output
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-7 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --with-target-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' '-Wall' '-Werror' '-v' '-o' 'code' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu code.c -quiet -dumpbase code.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase code -Wall -Werror -version -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat-security -o /tmp/ccLBo26t.s
GNU C11 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04) version 7.3.0 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 7.3.0, GMP version 6.1.2, MPFR version 4.0.1, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.19-GMP
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include-fixed
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C11 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04) version 7.3.0 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 7.3.0, GMP version 6.1.2, MPFR version 4.0.1, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.19-GMP
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: c8081a99abb72bbfd9129549110a350c
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' '-Wall' '-Werror' '-v' '-o' 'code' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
as -v --64 -o /tmp/ccqaH7jD.o /tmp/ccLBo26t.s
Die GNU-Assembler-Version 2.30 (x86_64-linux-gnu) benutzt die BFD-Version (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.30
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../lib/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' '-Wall' '-Werror' '-v' '-o' 'code' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/collect2 -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccYuIgyM.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s --sysroot=/ --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -z now -z relro -o code /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../.. -lreadline /tmp/ccqaH7jD.o -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state -lc -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
/tmp/ccqaH7jD.o: In Funktion »main«:
code.c:(.text+0x10): Warnung: undefinierter Verweis auf »readline«
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I tried several solutions provided on the internet, such as the following links but none of them worked:
How do I properly reference the GNU readline library to scan terminal input?
-L/usr/local/lib -I/usr/local/include
https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/programming-9/undefined-reference-to-readline-494533/
#include "/usr/include/readline/readline.h"
does anyone have an idea?
(by the way, probably don't important: readline works on my Mac but not in my Ubuntu Virtual Machine)
gcc .... code.c .... -lreadline
From gcc link options:
-l library
-llibrary
...
It makes a difference where in the command you write this option; the linker searches and processes libraries and object files in the order they are specified. Thus, ‘foo.o -lz bar.o’ searches library ‘z’ after file foo.o but before bar.o. If bar.o refers to functions in ‘z’, those functions may not be loaded.
Could somebody have met this problem, I have collect2: cannot find 'ld' error when try:
gcc -v -pthread -I /tmp/usr/include -no-use-gold-linker /tmp/teeest.c -o /tmp/teeest > /tmp/ok.log 2>/tmp/error.log
Output:
Using built-in specs.
gcc: unrecognized option '-no-use-gold-linker'
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17) (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-pthread' '-I' '/tmp/usr/include' '-no-use-gold-linker' '-o' '/tmp/teeest' '-mtune=generic'
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/cc1 -quiet -v -I /tmp/usr/include -iprefix ../lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/ -D_REENTRANT /tmp/teeest.c -quiet -dumpbase teeest.c -mtune=generic -auxbase teeest -version -o /tmp/ccVr6ozd.s
ignoring nonexistent directory "../lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "../lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "../lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "../lib/../lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "../lib/../lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "../lib/../lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/tmp/usr/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
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collect2: cannot find 'ld'
Check ld existing:
ld: /usr/bin/ld /usr/share/man/man1/ld.1.gz
Check $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
I try to compile hello world application on C in /tmp dir.
CentOS 6, 2016, 2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64, x86_64
PATH=$PATH; export PATH; gcc -v -pthread -I /tmp/usr/include /tmp/test.c -o /tmp/test > /tmp/ok.log 2>/tmp/error.log; #eto pizdez
I want to build Asterisk PBX under Windows, it seems to be possible by using cygwin.
The configure script complains about not finding the uuid_generate_random method in the uuid library.
So I tried to create a little test program :
#include <uuid/uuid.h>
int main ()
{
uuid_t out;
uuid_generate_random(out);
return 0;
}
This program is compiled using this command : gcc uuid.c -luuid
The -luuid seems to works, as if I change this value (like -luuidX) gcc complains about the fact it can't find the uuidX library.
But the LD pass doesn't works :
$ gcc uuid.c -luuid
/tmp/ccu0oh9q.o:uuid.c:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `uuid_generate_random'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I manage to work around, but this is not really clean, and I don't know how to make the configure script take this tweak :
gcc -o uuid.exe uuid.o /cygdrive/c/cygwin/lib/libuuid.dll.a
Any idea where does the problem come from ?
Thanks.
Added : verbose gcc output
gcc -v uuid.c -luuid
Using built-in specs.
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#include <...> search starts here:
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End of search list.
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/tmp/cc0dlffC.o:uuid.c:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `uuid_generate_random'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
It is a gcc package error. As workaround use
gcc uuid.c -luuid -L/usr/lib
Reported to cygwin mailing list
https://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2016-04/msg00594.html
The code is this:
public class Thingy
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println(Math.random());
}
}
So, absolutely NOT an unusual case, just a basic example.
When I try to use GCJ's javac implementation to make bytecode instead of the OpenJDK one, it works fine.
neil#neil-Inspiron-M5030:~/javastuff$ javac Thingy.java
neil#neil-Inspiron-M5030:~/javastuff$ java Thingy
0.2794511843566371
But when I try to get GCJ to make native code, I get that linker error. If you want, I can give you the verbose output:
neil#neil-Inspiron-M5030:~/javastuff$ gcj --verbose Thingy.java
Using built-in specs.
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/libgcj.spec
rename spec startfile to startfileorig
rename spec lib to liborig
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.text+0x20): error: undefined reference to 'main'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
so, I suppose my question is, is does anyone have any idea what might have went wrong?
I guess you need to add --main=Thingy to the command. Since several classes may have a 'main' method, the linker needs to be told which one to use.
Also, you might want to add -o <name of executable>, otherwise, you'll get a 'a.out' file, which is the default executable name for the GNU compilers (and any C compiler actually).
Regards