How to avoid increasing ldf while transferring big data? - sql-server

I am working on my laptop for my study.
I have a table that has 150 million records.
I have to insert these records into another table.
While doing this process after around 2 hours I get my 150GB harddisk full notification.
when I check created files I see that .ldf size around 120GB while .mdf file around 30GB
I googled and found that ldf is the transaction log.
How can stop this file from creating or empty it during the process of insertion?

You can think of below options to reduce the log file growth:
You can go for SELECT * INTO to load to another table. It is minimally logged operation.
If possible, You can change the recovery model to simple for reducing the amount of log generated
Alternatively, if you want to keep the recovery model as Full, want to recover from the current scenario, then you can do below things to free up space:
Take backup of the log to free up the log file size. Safer approach, in case something goes wrong with full backup in next step, you can restore from the log backup and last available full backup.
Take Full backup of the database.
Once you take Full backup of database, you can delete the log backup taken in step no. 1

Related

What is the best possible way to tackle SQL Server transaction logs filling up disk space?

I need the best shortest possible way to handle SQL Server transaction log files as my disk will be having a problem in saving them, in future. I don't know how to tackle this Low Disk Space issue, as my drive's free space is already in MB's.
Now, I don't know that whether the logs will be lost or affected if I move them to some other drive or will it effect the transactions or how to save the future logs depending on some previous transactions, if the disk space is completely full. Someone please help!!
Lets first take something off the table: do not delete or move any database mdf or ldf file. You'll end up corrupting and loosing the database.
You need to investigate why is the log growing. Go read Factors That Can Delay Log Truncation. Follow the steps in the article to identify why is the log growing.
If the reasons is anything else but 'LOG_BACKUP', post an update with the reason you discovered and we can take give further advise.
If the reason is LOG_BACKUP then we can proceed. You have a database in non-SIMPLE recovery mode which is not being backed up correctly. You need to answer a question: Why is the database not in SIMPLE recovery mode? This is a business decision question so we cannot possibly know the answer.
If you don't know the answer to above or if you realize that SIMPLE recovery mode is acceptable, then we can do the quick fix. Change the recovery model to SIMPLE then run DBCC SHRINKFILE to shrink the log.
If you need a non-SIMPLE recovery model then you need to set up a proper log backup plan and start taking log backups. Read Transaction Log Backups and Use the Maintenance Plan Wizard. See See How to shrink the SQL Server Log to understand why you need to take repeated log backups until the SHRINKFILE is effective, due to the circular nature of the log.
First, you should read the excellent answer written by Remus Rusanu.
At the beginning, he wrote:
Lets first take something off the table: do not delete or move any database mdf or ldf file. You'll end up corrupting and loosing the database.
To clarify: It is possible to move the log file to another drive in order to free space on the current drive.
It's just that you can't/shouldn't just move the file in Windows Explorer while the database is in use by SQL Server.
Disclaimer: You probably won't need to do this if you follow the steps in Remus' answer.
But it's possible that you still may want to move the log file to a different drive.
Either for performance reasons (SQL Server ist faster if database and log file are on two different physical drives, because there are lots of writes to the log file), or if you still have a disk space problem (even if you shrink the log file or back it up regularly, some day the database size will grow so that the drive is too small to hold both files).
To move the log file (or the database file) to another location, you need to:
detach the database from SQL Server
move the file(s)
re-attach the database and specify the new file location(s)
Here are two tutorials with screenshots how to do this:
Move SQL Server transaction log files to a different location via TSQL and SSMS
Move SQL Server transaction log to another disk

SQL Server 2008 log file size is large and growing quickly

Most of the time users will hit the database to read news. There are very few number of queries executed under transactions. 95% of the database hits would be for read-only purposes.
My database log files size is growing 1 GB per day. Even if I shrink the database, the log file size is not decreasing. What could be the reason for growing the log file size more and more? How can I control this? As per my knowledge log file does not increase when we read data from tables.
Any suggestions on how to deal with the log file growing? How can it be kept a manageable or reasonable size? Does this effect performance in any way?
There are couple of things to consider. What type of backups you do, and what type of backups you need. If you will have the answer to this question you can either switch Recovery Mode to simple or leave it full but then you need to make incremental backups on a daily basis (or whatever makes you happy with log size).
To set your database logging to simple (but only if you do Full Backups of your database!).
Right click on your database
Choose Properties
Choose Options
Set Recovery mode to simple
This will work and is best if your backup schedule is Full Backup every day. Because in such scenario your log won't be trimmed and it will skyrocket (just like in your case).
If you would be using Grandfather&Father&Son backup technique, which means Monthly Full backup, Weekly Full backup, and then every day incremental backup. Then for that you need Full Recovery Mode. If 1GB of log per day is still too much you can enable incremental backup per hour or per 15 minutes. This should fix the problem of log growing more and more.
If you run Full Backup every day you can switch it to simple recovery mode and you should be fine without risking your data (if you can leave with possible 1 day of data being lost). If you plan to use incremental then leave it at Recovery Mode Full.
Full backups will not help, you must regularly backup the transaction log (as well as the regular database full and differential backups) for it to be emptied. If you are not backing up the log and you are not in simple recovery mode, then your transaction log has every transaction in it since the database was set up. If you have enough action that you are growing by a gig a day, then you may also have large imports or updates affecting many records at once. It is possible you need to be in simple recovery mode where transactions are not recorded individually. Do NOT do that however if you have a mix of data from imports and users. In that case you need to back up the transaction log frequently to be able to keep the size manageable and to a point in time. We backup our transaction log every 15 minutes.
Read about transaction log backups in BOL to see how to fix the mess you have right now. Then get your backups set up and running properly. You need to read and understand this stuff thoroughly before attempting to fix. Right now, you would probably be in a world of hurt if your server failed and you had to recover the database. Transaction log backups are critical to being able to recover properly from a failure.
Do you backup your database frequently? You need to perform full- and/or transaction log- backups in order for SQL Server to consider shrinking your log file.
The major reason for the log file large size is due to bulk transaction in DB. To reduce the log file size best option to take the transaction log backup after certain interval of time.

How to make a log as small as possible in a SQL database?

This question might be kind of elementary, but here goes:
I have a SQL Server database with a 4 GB log file. The DB is 16GB and is backed up nightly.
Can I truncate the log regularly because the entire DB+Log is backed up each night?
you can something like this to you maintenance schedule to run every night before the backup. This will try to shrink/truncate your log file to 1 meg
BACKUP LOG DBNAME
TO disk = 'D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Backup\DBNAME.log'
DBCC SHRINKFILE('DBNAME_Log', 1)
Are you sure the log is backed up nightly and not just the database?
If so, then what does this database do? Are you deleting and refreshing whole tables? If so, your log might be the right size for the amount of transactions you have. You want the log to be large enough to handle your normal transaction load without having to grow. A small log can be a detriment to performance.
If this database is not transactional in nature (i.e., the tables are populated by full refreshes rather than one record ata time), the change the recovery mode to simple. Do not do that though if you have transactional tables that you will need to be able to recover from the log rahter than simply re-importing the data.
If you can run log backups during the day (depending on load, etc. this may or may not be possible for you) you can keep the log file under control by doing so. This will prevent the log file itself from growing quite so large, and also provide the side benefit of giving you the ability to restore closer to the point of failure in the event of a problem.
You'll still need to shrink the log file once using DBCC SHRINKFILE, but if it's backed up regularly after that point it shouldn't stabilize at a smaller size.

SQL Server database backup plan and log truncation

I have a SQL Server 2005 database that is backed up nightly. There backup consists of:
FULL backup of the database.
backup of the transaction log.
These are currently two separate jobs.
The log is huge and I'd like to set things up so that:
the database is backed up in full nightly
the log is set such that I can recover the database from any point between one backup and the next.
How can I set this up so that the log files are manageable? I suspect that the log has never been shrunk, as the log is huge.
You are currently implementing the FULL Recovery Model from the sound of things. This will allow you to restore to a point in time provided that you have a transaction log backup that covers the desired point in time (post full backup).
In order to reduce the size of your required transaction log file, you should look to increase the frequency of your transaction log backups. I would suggest hourly. Once you have gauged the actual usage of your log file, you can then look to shrink it to a more suitable size. The key point to note here is that once a transaction log backup has been completed, the inactive portion of the log file becomes available for use once again. The reason why a transaction log file grows continuously is if the transaction log backups are either, not being taken at all or their frequency is not sufficient.
I would also suggest that you consider performing a mix of DIFFERENTIAL and FULL Backups in order to reduce the collective size of your backed up data. An example schedule would be a weekly FULL Backup, say every Sunday, with daily DIFFERENTIAL backups.
I hope what I have detailed makes sense. Please feel free to contact me directly and I will happily assist you in deploying an appropriate backup strategy for your environment.
Essential References:
How to stop the transaction log
file from growing enexpectedly
Backup and Restoring Databases in
SQL Server
One of the things I find with backups is that people typically don't run them frequently enough - especially when it comes to log file backups. And it sounds like you're correct, that the log file isn't being truncated regularly (which means you're likely wasting premium disk space [1]). More importantly though, that's leaving you completely exposed from a recoverability standpoint.)
Happily though, getting things up and running as you need them isn't so hard. In fact, I'd recommend the following three videos as they should give you the background info you need, and then the step-by-step instructions you'll want to follow to get everything working correctly:
http://www.sqlservervideos.com/video/logging-essentials
http://www.sqlservervideos.com/video/sql2528-log-files
http://www.sqlservervideos.com/video/sqlbackup-best-practices
1 Maximize Storage Performance: http://www.sqlmag.com/Article/ArticleID/100893/sql_server_100893.html
What you are doing is effectively a SIMPLE mode backup with bonus disadvantage of not shrinking the log. There is no point to back up both at the same time. If you're doing a full backup, you can just truncate the log.
If you're going to be able to restore to any point of time, you will have to do a full backup once a day (say) and back up the log few times during the day. See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191429(SQL.90).aspx

How do you clear the SQL Server transaction log?

I'm not a SQL expert, and I'm reminded of the fact every time I need to do something beyond the basics. I have a test database that is not large in size, but the transaction log definitely is. How do I clear out the transaction log?
Making a log file smaller should really be reserved for scenarios where it encountered unexpected growth which you do not expect to happen again. If the log file will grow to the same size again, not very much is accomplished by shrinking it temporarily. Now, depending on the recovery goals of your database, these are the actions you should take.
First, take a full backup
Never make any changes to your database without ensuring you can restore it should something go wrong.
If you care about point-in-time recovery
(And by point-in-time recovery, I mean you care about being able to restore to anything other than a full or differential backup.)
Presumably your database is in FULL recovery mode. If not, then make sure it is:
ALTER DATABASE testdb SET RECOVERY FULL;
Even if you are taking regular full backups, the log file will grow and grow until you perform a log backup - this is for your protection, not to needlessly eat away at your disk space. You should be performing these log backups quite frequently, according to your recovery objectives. For example, if you have a business rule that states you can afford to lose no more than 15 minutes of data in the event of a disaster, you should have a job that backs up the log every 15 minutes. Here is a script that will generate timestamped file names based on the current time (but you can also do this with maintenance plans etc., just don't choose any of the shrink options in maintenance plans, they're awful).
DECLARE #path NVARCHAR(255) = N'\\backup_share\log\testdb_'
+ CONVERT(CHAR(8), GETDATE(), 112) + '_'
+ REPLACE(CONVERT(CHAR(8), GETDATE(), 108),':','')
+ '.trn';
BACKUP LOG foo TO DISK = #path WITH INIT, COMPRESSION;
Note that \\backup_share\ should be on a different machine that represents a different underlying storage device. Backing these up to the same machine (or to a different machine that uses the same underlying disks, or a different VM that's on the same physical host) does not really help you, since if the machine blows up, you've lost your database and its backups. Depending on your network infrastructure it may make more sense to backup locally and then transfer them to a different location behind the scenes; in either case, you want to get them off the primary database machine as quickly as possible.
Now, once you have regular log backups running, it should be reasonable to shrink the log file to something more reasonable than whatever it's blown up to now. This does not mean running SHRINKFILE over and over again until the log file is 1 MB - even if you are backing up the log frequently, it still needs to accommodate the sum of any concurrent transactions that can occur. Log file autogrow events are expensive, since SQL Server has to zero out the files (unlike data files when instant file initialization is enabled), and user transactions have to wait while this happens. You want to do this grow-shrink-grow-shrink routine as little as possible, and you certainly don't want to make your users pay for it.
Note that you may need to back up the log twice before a shrink is possible (thanks Robert).
So, you need to come up with a practical size for your log file. Nobody here can tell you what that is without knowing a lot more about your system, but if you've been frequently shrinking the log file and it has been growing again, a good watermark is probably 10-50% higher than the largest it's been. Let's say that comes to 200 MB, and you want any subsequent autogrowth events to be 50 MB, then you can adjust the log file size this way:
USE [master];
GO
ALTER DATABASE Test1
MODIFY FILE
(NAME = yourdb_log, SIZE = 200MB, FILEGROWTH = 50MB);
GO
Note that if the log file is currently > 200 MB, you may need to run this first:
USE yourdb;
GO
DBCC SHRINKFILE(yourdb_log, 200);
GO
If you don't care about point-in-time recovery
If this is a test database, and you don't care about point-in-time recovery, then you should make sure that your database is in SIMPLE recovery mode.
ALTER DATABASE testdb SET RECOVERY SIMPLE;
Putting the database in SIMPLE recovery mode will make sure that SQL Server re-uses portions of the log file (essentially phasing out inactive transactions) instead of growing to keep a record of all transactions (like FULL recovery does until you back up the log). CHECKPOINT events will help control the log and make sure that it doesn't need to grow unless you generate a lot of t-log activity between CHECKPOINTs.
Next, you should make absolute sure that this log growth was truly due to an abnormal event (say, an annual spring cleaning or rebuilding your biggest indexes), and not due to normal, everyday usage. If you shrink the log file to a ridiculously small size, and SQL Server just has to grow it again to accommodate your normal activity, what did you gain? Were you able to make use of that disk space you freed up only temporarily? If you need an immediate fix, then you can run the following:
USE yourdb;
GO
CHECKPOINT;
GO
CHECKPOINT; -- run twice to ensure file wrap-around
GO
DBCC SHRINKFILE(yourdb_log, 200); -- unit is set in MBs
GO
Otherwise, set an appropriate size and growth rate. As per the example in the point-in-time recovery case, you can use the same code and logic to determine what file size is appropriate and set reasonable autogrowth parameters.
Some things you don't want to do
Back up the log with TRUNCATE_ONLY option and then SHRINKFILE. For one, this TRUNCATE_ONLY option has been deprecated and is no longer available in current versions of SQL Server. Second, if you are in FULL recovery model, this will destroy your log chain and require a new, full backup.
Detach the database, delete the log file, and re-attach. I can't emphasize how dangerous this can be. Your database may not come back up, it may come up as suspect, you may have to revert to a backup (if you have one), etc. etc.
Use the "shrink database" option. DBCC SHRINKDATABASE and the maintenance plan option to do the same are bad ideas, especially if you really only need to resolve a log problem issue. Target the file you want to adjust and adjust it independently, using DBCC SHRINKFILE or ALTER DATABASE ... MODIFY FILE (examples above).
Shrink the log file to 1 MB. This looks tempting because, hey, SQL Server will let me do it in certain scenarios, and look at all the space it frees! Unless your database is read only (and it is, you should mark it as such using ALTER DATABASE), this will absolutely just lead to many unnecessary growth events, as the log has to accommodate current transactions regardless of the recovery model. What is the point of freeing up that space temporarily, just so SQL Server can take it back slowly and painfully?
Create a second log file. This will provide temporarily relief for the drive that has filled your disk, but this is like trying to fix a punctured lung with a band-aid. You should deal with the problematic log file directly instead of just adding another potential problem. Other than redirecting some transaction log activity to a different drive, a second log file really does nothing for you (unlike a second data file), since only one of the files can ever be used at a time. Paul Randal also explains why multiple log files can bite you later.
Be proactive
Instead of shrinking your log file to some small amount and letting it constantly autogrow at a small rate on its own, set it to some reasonably large size (one that will accommodate the sum of your largest set of concurrent transactions) and set a reasonable autogrow setting as a fallback, so that it doesn't have to grow multiple times to satisfy single transactions and so that it will be relatively rare for it to ever have to grow during normal business operations.
The worst possible settings here are 1 MB growth or 10% growth. Funny enough, these are the defaults for SQL Server (which I've complained about and asked for changes to no avail) - 1 MB for data files, and 10% for log files. The former is much too small in this day and age, and the latter leads to longer and longer events every time (say, your log file is 500 MB, first growth is 50 MB, next growth is 55 MB, next growth is 60.5 MB, etc. etc. - and on slow I/O, believe me, you will really notice this curve).
Further reading
Please don't stop here; while much of the advice you see out there about shrinking log files is inherently bad and even potentially disastrous, there are some people who care more about data integrity than freeing up disk space.
A blog post I wrote in 2009, when I saw a few "here's how to shrink the log file" posts spring up.
A blog post Brent Ozar wrote four years ago, pointing to multiple resources, in response to a SQL Server Magazine article that should not have been published.
A blog post by Paul Randal explaining why t-log maintenance is important and why you shouldn't shrink your data files, either.
Mike Walsh has a great answer covering some of these aspects too, including reasons why you might not be able to shrink your log file immediately.
-- DON'T FORGET TO BACKUP THE DB :D (Check [here][1])
USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
-- Truncate the log by changing the database recovery model to SIMPLE.
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks2008R2
SET RECOVERY SIMPLE;
GO
-- Shrink the truncated log file to 1 MB.
DBCC SHRINKFILE (AdventureWorks2008R2_Log, 1);
GO
-- Reset the database recovery model.
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks2008R2
SET RECOVERY FULL;
GO
From: DBCC SHRINKFILE (Transact-SQL)
You may want to backup first.
DISCLAIMER: Please read comments below this answer carefully before attempting it, and be sure to check the accepted answer. As I said nearly 5 years ago:
if anyone has any comments to add for situations when this is NOT an
adequate or optimal solution then please comment below
Turns out there were :-)
Original Answer:
Right click on the database name.
Select Tasks → Shrink → Database
Then click OK!
I usually open the Windows Explorer directory containing the database files, so I can immediately see the effect.
I was actually quite surprised this worked! Normally I've used DBCC before, but I just tried that and it didn't shrink anything, so I tried the GUI (2005) and it worked great - freeing up 17 GB in 10 seconds
In Full recovery mode this might not work, so you have to either back up the log first, or change to Simple recovery, then shrink the file. [thanks #onupdatecascade for this]
--
PS: I appreciate what some have commented regarding the dangers of this, but in my environment I didn't have any issues doing this myself especially since I always do a full backup first. So please take into consideration what your environment is, and how this affects your backup strategy and job security before continuing. All I was doing was pointing people to a feature provided by Microsoft!
Below is a script to shrink the transaction log, but I’d definitely recommend backing up the transaction log before shrinking it.
If you just shrink the file you are going to lose a ton of data that may come as a life saver in case of disaster. The transaction log contains a lot of useful data that can be read using a third-party transaction log reader (it can be read manually but with extreme effort though).
The transaction log is also a must when it comes to point in time recovery, so don’t just throw it away, but make sure you back it up beforehand.
Here are several posts where people used data stored in the transaction log to accomplish recovery:
How to view transaction logs in SQL Server 2008
Read the log file (*.LDF) in SQL Server 2008
USE DATABASE_NAME;
GO
ALTER DATABASE DATABASE_NAME
SET RECOVERY SIMPLE;
GO
--First parameter is log file name and second is size in MB
DBCC SHRINKFILE (DATABASE_NAME_Log, 1);
ALTER DATABASE DATABASE_NAME
SET RECOVERY FULL;
GO
You may get an error that looks like this when the executing commands above
“Cannot shrink log file (log file name) because the logical
log file located at the end of the file is in use“
This means that TLOG is in use. In this case try executing this several times in a row or find a way to reduce database activities.
Here is a simple and very inelegant & potentially dangerous way.
Backup DB
Detach DB
Rename Log file
Attach DB
New log file will be recreated
Delete Renamed Log file.
I'm guessing that you are not doing log backups. (Which truncate the log). My advice is to change recovery model from full to simple. This will prevent log bloat.
If you do not use the transaction logs for restores (i.e. You only ever do full backups), you can set Recovery Mode to "Simple", and the transaction log will very shortly shrink and never fill up again.
If you are using SQL 7 or 2000, you can enable "truncate log on checkpoint" in the database options tab. This has the same effect.
This is not recomended in production environments obviously, since you will not be able to restore to a point in time.
This technique that John recommends is not recommended as there is no guarantee that the database will attach without the log file. Change the database from full to simple, force a checkpoint and wait a few minutes. The SQL Server will clear the log, which you can then shrink using DBCC SHRINKFILE.
Most answers here so far are assuming you do not actually need the Transaction Log file, however if your database is using the FULL recovery model, and you want to keep your backups in case you need to restore the database, then do not truncate or delete the log file the way many of these answers suggest.
Eliminating the log file (through truncating it, discarding it, erasing it, etc) will break your backup chain, and will prevent you from restoring to any point in time since your last full, differential, or transaction log backup, until the next full or differential backup is made.
From the Microsoft article onBACKUP
We recommend that you never use NO_LOG or TRUNCATE_ONLY to manually
truncate the transaction log, because this breaks the log chain. Until
the next full or differential database backup, the database is not
protected from media failure. Use manual log truncation in only very
special circumstances, and create backups of the data immediately.
To avoid that, backup your log file to disk before shrinking it. The syntax would look something like this:
BACKUP LOG MyDatabaseName
TO DISK='C:\DatabaseBackups\MyDatabaseName_backup_2013_01_31_095212_8797154.trn'
DBCC SHRINKFILE (N'MyDatabaseName_Log', 200)
The SQL Server transaction log needs to be properly maintained in order to prevent its unwanted growth. This means running transaction log backups often enough. By not doing that, you risk the transaction log to become full and start to grow.
Besides the answers for this question I recommend reading and understanding the transaction log common myths. These readings may help understanding the transaction log and deciding what techniques to use to "clear" it:
From 10 most important SQL Server transaction log myths:
Myth: My SQL Server is too busy. I don’t want to make SQL Server transaction log backups
One of the biggest performance intensive operations in SQL Server is an auto-grow event of the online transaction log file. By not making transaction log backups often enough, the online transaction log will become full and will have to grow. The default growth size is 10%. The busier the database is, the quicker the online transaction log will grow if transaction log backups are not created
Creating a SQL Server transaction log backup doesn’t block the online transaction log, but an auto-growth event does. It can block all activity in the online transaction log
From Transaction log myths:
Myth: Regular log shrinking is a good maintenance practice
FALSE. Log growth is very expensive because the new chunk must be zeroed-out. All write activity stops on that database until zeroing is finished, and if your disk write is slow or autogrowth size is big, that pause can be huge and users will notice. That’s one reason why you want to avoid growth. If you shrink the log, it will grow again and you are just wasting disk operation on needless shrink-and-grow-again game
Use the DBCC ShrinkFile ({logicalLogName}, TRUNCATEONLY) command. If this is a test database and you are trying to save/reclaim space, this will help.
Remember though that TX logs do have a sort of minimum/steady state size that they will grow up to. Depending upon your recovery model you may not be able to shrink the log - if in FULL and you aren't issuing TX log backups the log can't be shrunk - it will grow forever. If you don't need TX log backups, switch your recovery model to Simple.
And remember, never ever under any circumstances delete the log (LDF) file! You will pretty much have instant database corruption. Cooked! Done! Lost data! If left "unrepaired" the main MDF file could become corrupt permanently.
Never ever delete the transaction log - you will lose data! Part of your data is in the TX Log (regardless of recovery model)... if you detach and "rename" the TX log file that effectively deletes part of your database.
For those that have deleted the TX Log you may want to run a few checkdb commands and fix the corruption before you lose more data.
Check out Paul Randal's blog posts on this very topic, bad advice.
Also in general do not use shrinkfile on the MDF files as it can severely fragment your data. Check out his Bad Advice section for more info ("Why you should not shrink your data files")
Check out Paul's website - he covers these very questions. Last month he walked through many of these issues in his Myth A Day series.
To Truncate the log file:
Backup the database
Detach the database, either by using Enterprise Manager or by executing : Sp_DetachDB [DBName]
Delete the transaction log file. (or rename the file, just in case)
Re-attach the database again using: Sp_AttachDB [DBName]
When the database is attached, a new transaction log file is created.
To Shrink the log file:
Backup log [DBName] with No_Log
Shrink the database by either:
Using Enterprise manager :-
Right click on the database, All tasks, Shrink database, Files, Select log file, OK.
Using T-SQL :-
Dbcc Shrinkfile ([Log_Logical_Name])
You can find the logical name of the log file by running sp_helpdb or by looking in the properties of the database in Enterprise Manager.
First check the database recovery model. By default, SQL Server Express Edition creates a database for the simple recovery
model (if I am not mistaken).
Backup log DatabaseName With Truncate_Only:
DBCC ShrinkFile(yourLogical_LogFileName, 50)
SP_helpfile will give you the logical log file name.
Refer to:
Recover from a full transaction log in a SQL Server database
If your database is in Full Recovery Model and if you are not taking TL backup, then change it to SIMPLE.
It happened with me where the database log file was of 28 GBs.
What can you do to reduce this?
Actually, log files are those file data which the SQL server keeps when an transaction has taken place. For a transaction to process SQL server allocates pages for the same. But after the completion of the transaction, these are not released suddenly hoping that there may be a transaction coming like the same one. This holds up the space.
Step 1:
First Run this command in the database query explored
checkpoint
Step 2:
Right click on the database
Task> Back up
Select back up type as Transaction Log
Add a destination address and file name to keep the backup data (.bak)
Repeat this step again and at this time give another file name
Step 3:
Now go to the database
Right-click on the database
Tasks> Shrinks> Files
Choose File type as Log
Shrink action as release unused space
Step 4:
Check your log file
normally in SQL 2014 this can be found at
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQL2014EXPRESS\MSSQL\DATA
In my case, its reduced from 28 GB to 1 MB
To my experience on most SQL Servers there is no backup of the transaction log.
Full backups or differential backups are common practice, but transaction log backups are really seldom.
So the transaction log file grows forever (until the disk is full).
In this case the recovery model should be set to "simple".
Don't forget to modify the system databases "model" and "tempdb", too.
A backup of the database "tempdb" makes no sense, so the recovery model of this db should always be "simple".
Take a backup of the MDB file.
Stop SQL services
Rename the log file
Start the service
(The system will create a new log file.)
Delete or move the renamed log file.
Database → right click Properties → file → add another log file with a different name and set the path the same as the old log file with a different file name.
The database automatically picks up the newly created log file.
Try this:
USE DatabaseName
GO
DBCC SHRINKFILE( TransactionLogName, 1)
BACKUP LOG DatabaseName WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY
DBCC SHRINKFILE( TransactionLogName, 1)
GO
Slightly updated answer, for MSSQL 2017, and using the SQL server management studio.
I went mostly from these instructions https://www.sqlshack.com/sql-server-transaction-log-backup-truncate-and-shrink-operations/
I had a recent db backup, so I backed up the transaction log. Then I backed it up again for good measure.
Finally I shrank the log file, and went from 20G to 7MB, much more in line with the size of my data.
I don't think the transaction logs had ever been backed up since this was installed 2 years ago.. so putting that task on the housekeeping calendar.
Backup DB
Detach DB
Rename Log file
Attach DB (while attaching remove renamed .ldf (log file).Select it and remove by pressing Remove button)
New log file will be recreated
Delete Renamed Log file.
This will work but it is suggested to take backup of your database first.
Some of the other answers did not work for me: It was not possible to create the checkpoint while the db was online, because the transaction log was full (how ironic). However, after setting the database to emergency mode, I was able to shrink the log file:
alter database <database_name> set emergency;
use <database_name>;
checkpoint;
checkpoint;
alter database <database_name> set online;
dbcc shrinkfile(<database_name>_log, 200);
DB Transaction Log Shrink to min size:
Backup: Transaction log
Shrink files: Transaction log
Backup: Transaction log
Shrink files: Transaction log
I made tests on several number of DBs: this sequence works.
It usually shrinks to 2MB.
OR by a script:
DECLARE #DB_Name nvarchar(255);
DECLARE #DB_LogFileName nvarchar(255);
SET #DB_Name = '<Database Name>'; --Input Variable
SET #DB_LogFileName = '<LogFileEntryName>'; --Input Variable
EXEC
(
'USE ['+#DB_Name+']; '+
'BACKUP LOG ['+#DB_Name+'] WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY ' +
'DBCC SHRINKFILE( '''+#DB_LogFileName+''', 2) ' +
'BACKUP LOG ['+#DB_Name+'] WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY ' +
'DBCC SHRINKFILE( '''+#DB_LogFileName+''', 2)'
)
GO

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