I am new to WPF, I have created a simple WPF application that has a button, which on clicked will fetch data from database and give the output in textbox.
I have a issue in Dependency Injection, there is AppDBContext class for database, and logMessageService.cs which has the functionality for fetching data from DB.
private readonly ILogMessageService Service;
public MainWindow(ILogMessageService service)
{
InitializeComponent();
this.Service = service;
}
I was given an error "No matching constructor found on type 'MainWindow'"
How to perform dependency injection in WPF?
You'll want to use MVVM and create a MainWindowViewModel which you create in the Public MainWindow() constructor. The ViewModel can then either initialise the service itself, or your MainWindow constructor can initialise it and pass it as part of the constructor to the new view model.
Public MainWindow()
{
InitialiseComponent();
DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel(service);
}
Or
<Window x:Class="MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:MyNameSpace">
<Window.DataContext>
<local:MainWindowViewModel/>
</Window.DataContext>
...
</Window>
And
Public Class MainWindowViewModel
{
...
}
Related
Okay, i have to ask this question. I searched a lot but i have 2 problems, and i only find solutions so solfe one of it, but never both.
so what do i have:
i have a UserControl
<UserControl
x:Class="Project.UserControls.UserDetailsControl"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:prism="http://www.codeplex.com/prism"
d:DesignHeight="450"
d:DesignWidth="800"
prism:ViewModelLocator.AutoWireViewModel="True"
mc:Ignorable="d">Some Controls in here</UserControl>
as you see, i am using prism. and i use also Dependency Injection with prism.Dryloc
the Code Behind:
using Project.Assistant.Common.Models;
using Project.GraphQL.Client;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
namespace Project.Assistant.UserControls;
/// <summary>
/// Interaktionslogik für UserDetailsControl.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class UserDetailsControl : UserControl
{
public User CurrentUser { get; set; }
public static readonly DependencyProperty SomeNumberProperty= DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(CurrentUser),typeof(User),typeof(UserDetailsControl));
public UserDetailsControl()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
These UserControl is then used like a normal Control. And in oder to get the Data into this Control, i Bind the CurrentUser like so:
<controls:UserDetailsControl Grid.Row="1" CurrentUser="{Binding CurrentUser}" />
What do i want to do:
i want to open a new Dialog out of this UserControl.
in order to open a new dialog, i want to use the IDialogService from Prism.
But when i add this to the Contructor, it simply crashes when i want to access the Usercontrol because it cannot Inject this dependency.
problem number too:
if i would simply just use a VieweModel and ViewModelLocator.AutoWireViewModel="True"
i dont know how i could implement my DependencyProperty.
here i read stuff like: "not everything needs a view model" (would solve the DependencyProperty)
and stuff like: "use viewmodels even for Usercontrols" (would solve the dependency injection, but cause problems with DependencyProperty)
what could i do?
I'm creating a UserControl in WPF, that is able to work for any object of type IMyNode. Basically, it receives an ObservableCollection through a dependency property, register to it and do some stuff.
In one of my usecase, I use in a control that uses(and need), an ObservableCollection of SomeSpecificNode. SomeSpecificNode is an implementation of IMyNode.
Currently, I've a binding error:
System.Windows.Data Error: 1 : Cannot create default converter to perform 'one-way' conversions between types 'System.Collections.ObjectModel.ObservableCollection`1[SomeSpecificNode]' and 'System.Collections.ObjectModel.ObservableCollection`1[IMyNode]'.
I understand why it happens, it doesn't know how to convert automatically an ObservableCollection<SomeSpecificNode> to ObservableCollection<IMyNode>.
What would be the correct approach to do this?
Using a converter would break the NotifyPropertyChange. Using a ObservableCollection<IMyNode> in my parent ViewModel would not work for the other control in the same page.
Thank you!
Here some pseudo code:
public class SomeSpecificNode: IMyNode{
}
public interface IMyNode{
}
public class ParentViewModel {
public ObservableCollection<SomeSpecificNode> SelectedNodes {get;}=> new ObservableCollection<SomeSpecificNode>()
}
<UserControl x:Class="ParentView"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ch.VibroMeter.Xms.Configurators.Controls.ActionBar"
xmlns:dxb="http://schemas.devexpress.com/winfx/2008/xaml/bars"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
<UserControl.DataContext>
<ParentViewModel/>
</UserControl.DataContext>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Name="RootContainer">
<SomeChildControl Nodes="{Binding SelectedNodes}" /><!-- This binding will fail !-->
</StackPanel
</UserControl>
public partial class ParentView : UserControl
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty NodesProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
nameof(Nodes), typeof(ObservableCollection<IMyNode>), typeof(ParentView), new PropertyMetadata(default(ObservableCollection<IMyNode>), OnNodesChanged));
private static void OnNodesChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
//...
}
public ObservableCollection<IMyNode> Nodes
{
get { return (ObservableCollection<IMyNode>)GetValue(NodesProperty); }
set { SetValue(NodesProperty, value); }
}
}
You should change the type of the dependency property to a compatible type such as IEnumerable<IMyNode>.
You cannot set an ObservableCollection<IMyNode> property to anything else than an ObservableCollection<IMyNode> or null.
An ObservableCollection<SomeSpecificNode> is not an ObservableCollection<IMyNode> but it is an IEnumerable<IMyNode> assuming that SomeSpecificNode implements IMyNode.
So this compiles just fine;
IEnumerable<IMyNode> collection = new ObservableCollection<SomeSpecificNode>();
But this doesn't:
ObservableCollection<IMyNode> collection = new ObservableCollection<SomeSpecificNode>(); //Cannot implictly convert type...
The difference is that IEnumerable<T> is covariant. Please refer to the docs for more information.
Is it possible to call a custom dependency property in the XAML of the element in which it is defined?
I mean, i have the following simple code for my mainWindow:
Code
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty SpecialToProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("SpecialTo", typeof(double), typeof(MainWindow));
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
public double SpecialTo
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(SpecialToProperty);
}
set
{
SetValue(DoubleAnimation.ToProperty, value);
}
}
}
How can i use that dependency property from the XAML partial code of the MainWindow class?
I mean something like:
<Window x:Class="WpfAnimationTEst.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"
SpecialTo=200>
I know it can be done using attached dependency properties, but is it the only way? Is it not possible to call a dependency property defined in the code-behind?
Thank you and sorry if the question is some kind of stupid, i'm just learning and trying to understand WPF.
I found the answer after I initially posted a wrong answer:
The problem really lies in circular dependencies if you use andreask's answer. I had to create a BaseClass for all windows:
1) Create a new Window Base Class:
public class BaseWindow : Window {
public BaseWindow() { }
public static readonly DependencyProperty SpecialToProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("SpecialTo", typeof(double), typeof(BaseWindow));
public double SpecialTo {
get {
return (double)GetValue(SpecialToProperty);
}
set {
SetValue(SpecialToProperty, value);
}
}
}
This will be the new baseclass for all your windows.
2) Modify your MainWindow xaml: (Change YOURNAMESPACE (2x) to your namespace name)
<local:BaseWindow x:Class="YOURNAMESPACE.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:YOURNAMESPACE"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" SpecialTo="100">
<Grid>
</Grid>
</local:BaseWindow>
3) And you also need to modify your partial MainWindow.cs:
public partial class MainWindow : BaseWindow {
public MainWindow() {
InitializeComponent();
}
}
That worked for me, however, you will always need to use the extra xaml markup in your window declaration.
I'm answering my own question because there seems to be many ways to solve it correctly. I've upvoted the answers that best helped me, but i can't set any as the correct answer since all are correct.
So i'll just post a conclusion. If you think that i'm mistaken, please post a comment and i will correct my mind.
The main answer to my question is no, it is not possible to directly call a custom dependency property defined at code-behind from its "linked" XAML file. It is mandatory to instantiate the control in which the property is defined to call it.
To me, the best workarrounds to use a custom dependency property in XAML, defined in the code-behind are the posted by #Clemens and #Noel Widmer. This and this
You can use custom dependency properties in XAML, but only if you instantiate the control in XAML. For example, take a customized TextBox element:
public class MyTextBox : TextBox
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty SpecialToProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("SpecialTo", typeof(double), typeof(MyTextBox));
public double SpecialTo
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(SpecialToProperty);
}
set
{
SetValue(DoubleAnimation.ToProperty, value);
}
}
}
You can of course create an instance of MyTextBox in XAML and assign the SpecialTo property there:
<custom:MyTextBox SpecialTo="1.0" />
In your case, however, you're not instantiating the custom class MainWindow, but you create a new instance of class Window, and the Window class isn't aware of the custom dependency property (the SpecialTo property is not even available in Window, since you declared it within the MainWindow class).
For the dependency property to be recognized, you'd need to instantiate MainWindow directly:
<custom:MainWindow
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"
SpecialTo=200>
However, this means you need to omit the x:class directive that used to combine XAML and codebehind of your window (otherwise you'd run into circular dependencies), and I'm not sure if this correctly initalizes your window...
Yes, it is possible. Dependency properties are used to bind within XAML. If you want to bind to property defined in the code behind window you need to reference this window as XAML element, i.e. add tag for your main window x:Name="mainWindow", and next in the binding expression refer it as ElementName=mainWindow
All -
I am using Unity in my WPF application for DI (without prism). I have my MainWindow.xaml and MainWindowViewModel.cs. I have a usercontrol in my Mainwindow.xaml. The user control has its own uc1.xaml and uc1viewmodel.cs. The UC1 ViewModel is currently exposed as a property on MainWindowViewModel so I can set the datacontext on the usercontrol (as recommended by many ppl here).
The question I have is how/where can I set this property - will it be in app.xaml.cs or will it be in the constructor of mainwindowviewmodel. Code Snippets:
App.xaml.cs
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
base.OnStartup(e);
//Step 1 - One Time - Creating an instance of the container
UnityContainer unity = new UnityContainer();
//Step 2 - Registering your MainWindowViewModel
unity.RegisterType<IViewModel, UserControl1ViewModel>();
//Step 3 - Creating an Instance
UserControl1ViewModel uc1_mwvm = unity.Resolve<UserControl1ViewModel>(); <-- doesnt help
MainWindowViewModel mwvm = unity.Resolve<MainWindowViewModel>();
MainWindow mw = unity.Resolve<MainWindow>();
mw.Show();
}
MainWindowViewModel.cs
public class MainWindowViewModel
{
public IViewModel IVM { get; set; }
public MainWindowViewModel()
{
//IVM = new UserControl1ViewModel(); <-- All I really want is an equivalent but letting Unity do the work.
}
}
MainWindow.xaml
<Window x:Class="_05_ViewFist_UC_Unity_Working.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:uc1="clr-namespace:_05_ViewFist_UC_Unity_Working"
xmlns:uc2="clr-namespace:_05_ViewFist_UC_Unity_Working"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
<StackPanel Orientation="Vertical">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding NNN}" />
<uc1:UC1 DataContext="{Binding UC1VM}" />
<uc2:UC2 DataContext="{Binding UC2VM}" />
</StackPanel>
</Window>
UC1
<UserControl x:Class="_05_ViewFist_UC_Unity_Working.UC1"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300" >
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Background="Red">
<TextBlock Text="UC1 " />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding FirstName}" />
</StackPanel>
</UserControl>
As you see from the code - Instance of UC1 is created in xaml (MainWindow.xaml) and hence when MainWindow instance is created in app.xaml.cs - it still doesnt create an instance of UserControl1ViewModel.
Question again is : Dont think its a good practice for me to call the Unity Resolve statement in the constructor of MainwindowViewModel. Is that correct??
Can somebody share a code snippet of how/where I can do this?
Thanks
I downloaded your solution from github and tried to solve your problem.
You did a great job just you forgot few details such as property attributes.
This is how your App.cs file shall look alike:
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
base.OnStartup(e);
//Step 1 - One Time - Creating an instance of the container
UnityContainer unity = new UnityContainer();
//Step 2 - Registeration
unity.RegisterType<IMainWindowViewModel, MainWindowViewModel>();
unity.RegisterType<IUC1ViewModel, UC1ViewModel>();
unity.RegisterType<IUC2ViewModel, UC2ViewModel>();
//// Instance of MainWindowViewModel will be created once you call Resolve MainWindow.
MainWindow mw = unity.Resolve<MainWindow>();
mw.Show();
}
Here is what I changed:
public class MainWindowViewModel : IMainWindowViewModel
{
#region Public Properties
[Dependency]
public IUC1ViewModel UC1VM { get; set; }
[Dependency]
public IUC2ViewModel UC2VM { get; set; }
public string NNN { get; set; }
#endregion
public MainWindowViewModel()
{
NNN = "This value coming from MainWindowViewModel";
}
}
[Dependency] is a property attibute that tells Unity where to inject values.
I could merge my code to your repo in github if you wish so.
Let me know if this helped you any futher. Feel free to mark this as the answer.
You can use the service locator pattern. I use it with Unity as a DI.
internal class ServiceLocator
{
[...]
public MainViewModel Main { get { return container.Resolve<MainViewModel>(); } }
}
You can intantiate your class the way you want (DI or not, the class initializes the DI or receive it as a parameter, you can store the DI in a private static property, you can initialize your class if DI is null or when the application starts etc...).
In your App.xaml
<Application.Resources>
<vm:ServiceLocator x:Key="Locator"/>
</Application.Resources>
And now, you can set your datacontext
DataContext="{Binding Main, Source={StaticResource Locator}}"
Edit:
I found another way of doing it (among other):
Take a look at this article. In the command, you can resolve your viewmodel as you like.
WPF controls have certain properties (UserControl.Resources, UserControl.CommandBindings) that can have items added to them from the XAML of a user control declaration. Example:
<UserControl ... >
<UserControl.CommandBindings>
...
</UserControl.CommandBindings>
<UserControl.Resources>
...
</UserControl.Resources>
</UserControl>
I have a new list property defined in my user control:
public partial class ArchetypeControl : UserControl {
...
public List<Object> UICommands { get; set; }
I want to add items to this list like I can with resources and CommandBindings, but when I do this:
<c:ArchetypeControl.UICommands>
</c:ArchetypeControl.UICommands>
I get the error "Error 4 The attachable property 'UICommands' was not found in type 'ArchetypeControl'. "
Suggestions?
-
Given the comments, I've created a test control to show the entire code and reproduce the problem. I'm using visual studio 2010.
<UserControl x:Class="ArchetypesUI.TestControl"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:c="clr-namespace:ArchetypesUI"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300">
<c:TestControl.TestObject>
</c:TestControl.TestObject>
<Grid>
</Grid>
</UserControl>
-
namespace ArchetypesUI
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for TestControl.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class TestControl : UserControl
{
public Object TestObject { get; set; }
public TestControl()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
}
Now the error I get is "Error 2 The attached property 'TestControl.TestObject' is not defined on 'UserControl' or one of its base classes."
Take a look at your XAML:
<UserControl>
^^^^^^^^^^^
<c:TestControl.TestObject>
^^^^^^^^^^^
</c:TestControl.TestObject>
</UserControl>
Here, you are declaring a UserControl, and then trying to set a TestControl property on it. Since UserControl doesn't have the TestControl.TestObject property, WPF that it can't set that property on the UserControl object. You may say, "But I'm declaring a UserControl of type TestControl. My UserControl is a TestControl!" But that's not quite the case. The above declaration is declaring the TestControl class: it's not creating an instance of TestControl, so it can't have instance properties set on it.
Rather, the TestObject property is there for users of TestControl to set on individual instances of TestControl:
<local:TestControl>
<local:TestControl.TestObject> <!-- Now it will work -->
</local:TestControl.TestObject>
</local:TestControl>
If you want to set a default / initial value for the TestObject property, then you can do so either in the TestControl constructor, or (if TestObject is a dependency property) through the TestControl default style (though this is more for custom controls than for user controls).
I'm not quite able to recreate your issue... the case I've created seems to work. I did have to initialize the list in the constructor.
However, from your example I wonder a more appropriate place for your list source would be on a ViewModel object of some sort. If you're exposing commands, having an IEnumerable of some sort of a ICommand wrapper which also encapsulates the display elements you need (e.g. Caption, Icon URI, etc).
ViewModels are certainly not a panacea, but in this case I think it would let you put all the knowledge of the commands you want to use in the same place (e.g. which are available and what they do).