I am using (learning) Tensorflow through the eager C API, or to be even more precise through a FreePascal wrapper around it.
When I want to do e.g. a matrix multiplication, I call
TFE_Execute(Op, #OutTensH, #NumOutVals, Status);
where Op.Op_Name is 'MatMul'. I have a couple of other instructions figured out, e.g. 'Transpose', 'Softmax', 'Inv', etc., but I do not have a complete list. In particular I want to get the determinant of a matrix, but cannot find it (assume it exists). I tried to find it on the web, as well as in the source on GitHub, but no success.
In Python there is tf.linalg.det, but already in C++ API I do not find it.
Could someone direct me to a place where I can find a complete list of supported operations?
Can someone tell me how to calculate the determinant with Tensorflow?
Edit: On Gaurav's request I attach a small program. As said above, it is in Pascal, and calls the C API through a wrapper. I therefore copied also the relevant part of the wrapper here (full version: https://macpgmr.github.io/). The set-up works, the "only" question is that I do not find a list of supported operations.
// A minimal program to transpose a matrix
program test;
uses
SysUtils,
TF;
var
Tensor:TTensor;
begin
Tensor:=TTensor.CreateSingle([2,1],[1.0,2.0]);
writeln('Before transpose ',Tensor.Dim[0],' x ',Tensor.Dim[1]); // 2 x 1
Tensor:=Tensor.Temp.ExecOp('Transpose',TTensor.CreateInt32([1,0]).Temp);
writeln('After transpose ',Tensor.Dim[0],' x ',Tensor.Dim[1]); // 1 x 2
FreeAndNil(Tensor);
end.
// extract from TF.pas ( (C) Phil Hess ). It basically re-packages the operation
// and calls the relevant C TFE_Execute, with the same operation name passed on:
// in our case 'Transpose'.
// I am looking for a complete list of supported operations.
function TTensor.ExecOp(const OpName : string;
Tensor2 : TTensor = nil;
Tensor3 : TTensor = nil;
Tensor4 : TTensor = nil) : TTensor;
var
Status : TF_StatusPtr;
Op : TFE_OpPtr;
NumOutVals : cint;
OutTensH : TFE_TensorHandlePtr;
begin
Result := nil;
Status := TF_NewStatus();
Op := TFE_NewOp(Context, PAnsiChar(OpName), Status);
try
if not CheckStatus(Status) then
Exit;
{Add operation input tensors}
TFE_OpAddInput(Op, TensorH, Status);
if not CheckStatus(Status) then
Exit;
if Assigned(Tensor2) then {Operation has 2nd tensor input?}
begin
TFE_OpAddInput(Op, Tensor2.TensorH, Status);
if not CheckStatus(Status) then
Exit;
end;
if Assigned(Tensor3) then {Operation has 3rd tensor input?}
begin
TFE_OpAddInput(Op, Tensor3.TensorH, Status);
if not CheckStatus(Status) then
Exit;
end;
if Assigned(Tensor4) then {Operation has 4th tensor input?}
begin
TFE_OpAddInput(Op, Tensor4.TensorH, Status);
if not CheckStatus(Status) then
Exit;
end;
{Set operation attributes}
TFE_OpSetAttrType(Op, 'T', DataType); //typically result type same as input's
if OpName = 'MatMul' then
begin
TFE_OpSetAttrBool(Op, 'transpose_a', #0); //default (False)
TFE_OpSetAttrBool(Op, 'transpose_b', #0); //default (False)
end
else if OpName = 'Transpose' then
TFE_OpSetAttrType(Op, 'Tperm', Tensor2.DataType) //permutations type
else if OpName = 'Sum' then
begin
TFE_OpSetAttrType(Op, 'Tidx', Tensor2.DataType); //reduction_indices type
TFE_OpSetAttrBool(Op, 'keep_dims', #0); //default (False)
end
else if (OpName = 'RandomUniform') or (OpName = 'RandomStandardNormal') then
begin
TFE_OpSetAttrInt(Op, 'seed', 0); //default
TFE_OpSetAttrInt(Op, 'seed2', 0); //default
TFE_OpSetAttrType(Op, 'dtype', TF_FLOAT); //for now, use this as result type
end
else if OpName = 'OneHot' then
begin
TFE_OpSetAttrType(Op, 'T', Tensor3.DataType); //result type must be same as on/off
TFE_OpSetAttrInt(Op, 'axis', -1); //default
TFE_OpSetAttrType(Op, 'TI', DataType); //indices type
end;
NumOutVals := 1;
try
// **** THIS IS THE ACTUAL CALL TO THE C API, WHERE Op HAS THE OPNAME
TFE_Execute(Op, #OutTensH, #NumOutVals, Status);
// ***********************************************************************
except on e:Exception do
raise Exception.Create('TensorFlow unable to execute ' + OpName +
' operation: ' + e.Message);
end;
if not CheckStatus(Status) then
Exit;
Result := TTensor.CreateWithHandle(OutTensH);
finally
if Assigned(Op) then
TFE_DeleteOp(Op);
TF_DeleteStatus(Status);
{Even if exception occurred, don't want to leave any temps dangling}
if Assigned(Tensor2) and Tensor2.IsTemp then
Tensor2.Free;
if Assigned(Tensor3) and Tensor3.IsTemp then
Tensor3.Free;
if Assigned(Tensor4) and Tensor4.IsTemp then
Tensor4.Free;
if IsTemp then
Free;
end;
end;
In the meantime, I found the description file of TensorFlow at: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/core/ops/ops.pbtxt. This includes all the operations and their detailed specification.
If someone is interested in a pascal interface to TF, I created one at https://github.com/zsoltszakaly/tensorflowforpascal.
Here is how you can obtain the list of valid operation names from Python:
from tensorflow.python.framework.ops import op_def_registry
registered_ops = op_def_registry.get_registered_ops()
valid_op_names = sorted(registered_ops.keys())
print(len(valid_op_names)) # Number of operation names in TensorFlow 2.0
1223
print(*valid_op_names, sep='\n')
# Abort
# Abs
# AccumulateNV2
# AccumulatorApplyGradient
# AccumulatorNumAccumulated
# AccumulatorSetGlobalStep
# AccumulatorTakeGradient
# Acos
# Acosh
# Add
# ...
Related
I have a procedure in Ada which reads from a touch screen input. The code is very old and I do not have the touch screen anymore. I would like to replace the touch screen code with reading from a mouse input. Would it be simpler to write the function in C and Import it into the Ada code? The code below is the touch screen code.
HIL_NAME : STRING (1.. 10) := "/dev/touch";
procedure READ (X, Y : out INTEGER) is
type BYTE is new INTEGER range 0 .. 255;
for BYTE'SIZE use 8;
package IN_IO is new SEQUENTIAL_IO (BYTE);
use IN_IO;
type DATA_TYPE is array (2 .. 9) of BYTE;
HIL_FILE : IN_IO.FILE_TYPE;
COUNT : BYTE;
DATA : DATA_TYPE;
begin
IN_IO.OPEN (HIL_FILE, IN_FILE, HIL_NAME); -- open the touchscreen
loop
IN_IO.READ (HIL_FILE, COUNT); -- read the incoming record size
-- read the incoming record
for I in INTEGER range 2 .. BYTE'POS (COUNT) loop
IN_IO.READ (HIL_FILE, DATA (I));
end loop;
-- is this a fingerdown? overkill test.
if ((COUNT = 9) and (DATA (6) = 2#01000010#) and (DATA (9) = 142)) then
X := BYTE'POS (DATA (7)); -- pick out coordinates
Y := BYTE'POS (DATA (8));
IN_IO.CLOSE (HIL_FILE); -- close touchscreen to flush buffer
return; -- return to caller
end if;
end loop;
end READ;
It would be useful to know OS, version, compiler, window manager toolkit and version. For example I'm running Debian 10, and with Gnome 3 as my WM I can most easily access the mouse using the GTKAda toolkit. Last time I wrote code directly accessing a mouse was on DOS, in Modula-2.
However, GTKAda is not particularly easy to learn...
If you're willing to use a web browser as the GUI to your app (which also helps portability across systems ... you might even run the app on a PC but access it via a tablet or phone, giving you a touchscreen!) I recommend looking at Gnoga available from www.gnoga.com. Take a look at some of its tutorials, they should be easy to build and get you started accessing mouse and simple drawing.
EDIT
Having found the magic words (Centos, ncurses) in various comments (which you could usefully add to the question, in case there are better answers) what you are looking for is an Ada binding to ncurses such as this one. This binding is part of the official ncurses source since version 5.8 so should already be available on Centos.
It should then be a simple matter of writing a Read procedure which calls the ncurses mouse handling package, returning mouse position (scaled to an 8-bit Integer or Natural, and probably offset from the console window origin) whenever the LH button is pressed, otherwise presumably returning ... whatever an OUT parameter is initialised to, (presumably BYTE'FIRST)
Job done.
Now we can see the touch screen filename si part of the /dev/ hierarchy it may be even simpler to see if there is any mileage in finding documentation on /dev/mouse as #zerte suggests (or /dev/input/mouse[0|1] on my laptop) ... but I think ncurses will be less machine-dependent.
I have solved the problem using Ncurses. I downloaded the terminal-interface-curses and used the files to create the following procedure.
with Terminal_Interface.Curses;
use Terminal_Interface.Curses;
tmp2 : Event_Mask;
c : Key_Code;
firsttime : Bollean;
procedure READ (X1 : out Column_Position;
Y1 : Line_Position) is
begin
tmp2 := Start_Mouse (All_Events);
c:= Character'Pos ('?');
Set_Raw_Mode (SwitchOn => True);
Set_KeyPad_Mode (SwitchOn => True);
firsttime := true;
loop
if not firsttime then
if c = KeyMouse then
declare
event : Mouse_Event;
Y : Line_Position;
X : Column_Position;
Button : Mouse_Button;
State : Mouse_State;
begin
event := Get_Mouse;
Get_Event (event, Y, X, Button, State);
X1 := X;
Y1 := Y;
exit;
end;
end if;
end if;
firsttime := False;
loop
c := Get_Keystroke;
exit when c /= Key_None;
end loop;
end loop;
End_Mouse (tmp2);
end READ;
You can read the mouse by using the Linux input subsystem (as was suggested by #Zerte). See also this question on SO and some kernel documentation here and here. Reading the mouse' input doesn't seem hard (at least not on a Raspberry Pi 3 running Raspbian GNU/Linux 10). Of course, you still need to apply proper scaling and you need to figure out the device that exposes the mouse events (in my case: /dev/input/event0)
NOTE: You can find the number by inspecting the output of sudo dmesg | grep "input:". If a mouse (or other pointing device) is connected to inputX, then the events of this device will be exposed on eventX.
main.adb
with Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Sequential_IO;
with Interfaces.C;
procedure Main is
package C renames Interfaces.C;
use type C.unsigned_short;
use type C.int;
-- Input event codes (linux/input-event-codes.h)
EV_SYN : constant := 16#00#;
EV_KEY : constant := 16#01#;
EV_REL : constant := 16#02#;
EV_ABS : constant := 16#03#;
EV_MSC : constant := 16#04#;
BTN_MOUSE : constant := 16#110#;
BTN_LEFT : constant := 16#110#;
BTN_RIGHT : constant := 16#111#;
BTN_MIDDLE : constant := 16#112#;
REL_X : constant := 16#00#;
REL_Y : constant := 16#01#;
REL_WHEEL : constant := 16#08#;
-- Time value (sys/time.h)
subtype suseconds_t is C.long;
subtype time_t is C.long;
type timeval is record
tv_sec : time_t;
tv_usec : suseconds_t;
end record;
pragma Convention (C, timeval);
-- Input event struct (linux/input.h)
type input_event is record
time : timeval;
typ : C.unsigned_short;
code : C.unsigned_short;
value : C.int;
end record;
pragma Convention (C, input_event);
-- ... and a package instantiation for sequential IO.
package Input_Event_IO is new Ada.Sequential_IO (input_event);
use Input_Event_IO;
File : File_Type;
Event : input_event;
-- Position of the mouse and wheel.
X, Y, W : C.int := 0;
begin
Open (File, In_File, "/dev/input/event0");
-- Infinite loop, use Ctrl-C to exit.
loop
-- Wait for a new event.
Read (File, Event);
-- Process the event.
case Event.typ is
when EV_SYN =>
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line
(X'Image & "," & Y'Image & " [" & W'Image & "]");
when EV_KEY =>
case Event.code is
when BTN_LEFT =>
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Left button.");
when BTN_MIDDLE =>
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Middle button.");
when BTN_RIGHT =>
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Right button.");
when others =>
null;
end case;
when EV_REL =>
case Event.code is
when REL_X =>
X := X + Event.value;
when REL_Y =>
Y := Y + Event.value;
when REL_WHEEL =>
W := W + Event.value;
when others =>
null;
end case;
when EV_ABS =>
case Event.code is
when REL_X =>
X := Event.value;
when REL_Y =>
Y := Event.value;
when REL_WHEEL =>
W := Event.value;
when others =>
null;
end case;
when others =>
null;
end case;
end loop;
end Main;
output (running on a headless RPi 3)
pi#raspberrypi:~/mouse $ sudo obj/main
[...]
-85, 9 [-5]
-84, 9 [-5]
-83, 9 [-5]
Left button.
-83, 9 [-5]
Left button.
-83, 9 [-5]
Left button.
-83, 9 [-5]
Left button.
-83, 9 [-5]
Right button.
-83, 9 [-5]
Right button.
-83, 9 [-5]
Middle button.
-83, 9 [-5]
Middle button.
-83, 9 [-5]
-84, 9 [-5]
^C
pi#raspberrypi:~/mouse $
I am contemplating the migration from Advantage Native Delphi components to FireDAC. I have been searching for a way to determine how with FireDAC I can determine the method that was used to connect to the server - Remote, Local, AIS (Internet).
I would be looking for the equivalent of TAdsConnection.ConnectionType.
Thanks
Gary Conley
The function you're looking for is called AdsGetConnectionType. Its import you can find declared in the FireDAC.Phys.ADSCli module, but it's not used anywhere.
But it's not so difficult to get its address and call it by yourself. For example (not a good one):
uses
FireDAC.Stan.Consts, FireDAC.Phys.ADSCli, FireDAC.Phys.ADSWrapper;
var
FTAdsGetConnectionType: TAdsGetConnectionType = nil;
type
TADSLib = class(FireDAC.Phys.ADSWrapper.TADSLib)
end;
function GetConnectionType(Connection: TFDConnection): Word;
const
AdsGetConnectionTypeName = 'AdsGetConnectionType';
var
CliLib: TADSLib;
CliCon: TADSConnection;
Status: UNSIGNED32;
Output: UNSIGNED16;
begin
Result := 0;
CliCon := TADSConnection(Connection.CliObj);
CliLib := TADSLib(CliCon.Lib);
if not Assigned(FTAdsGetConnectionType) then
FTAdsGetConnectionType := CliLib.GetProc(AdsGetConnectionTypeName);
if Assigned(FTAdsGetConnectionType) then
begin
Status := FTAdsGetConnectionType(CliCon.Handle, #Output);
if Status = AE_SUCCESS then
Result := Word(Output)
else
FDException(CliLib.OwningObj, EADSNativeException.Create(Status, CliLib, nil),
{$IFDEF FireDAC_Monitor}True{$ELSE}False{$ENDIF});
end
else
FDException(CliLib.OwningObj, [S_FD_LPhys, CliLib.DriverID],
er_FD_AccCantGetLibraryEntry, [AdsGetConnectionTypeName]);
end;
Possible usage:
case GetConnectionType(FDConnection1) of
ADS_AIS_SERVER: ShowMessage('AIS server');
ADS_LOCAL_SERVER: ShowMessage('Local server');
ADS_REMOTE_SERVER: ShowMessage('Remove server');
end;
For a project, I need to read a name inside a TrueType font file (.ttf). I written a code to do that, inspirated from a c++ example. Here is the code:
TWByteArray = array of Byte;
TWAnsiCharArray = array of AnsiChar;
...
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class function TWStringHelper.ByteToStr(const bytes: TWByteArray): string;
begin
SetLength(Result, Length(bytes));
if Length(Result) > 0 then
Move(bytes[0], Result[1], Length(bytes));
end;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class function TWStringHelper.UniStrToByte(const str: UnicodeString): TWByteArray;
begin
SetLength(Result, Length(str) * SizeOf(WideChar));
if (Length(Result) > 0) then
Move(str[1], Result[0], Length(Result));
end;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class function TWStringHelper.BytesToUniStr(const bytes: TWByteArray): UnicodeString;
begin
SetLength(Result, Length(bytes) div SizeOf(WideChar));
if Length(Result) > 0 then
Move(bytes[0], Result[1], Length(bytes));
end;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
...
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class function TWControlFont.SwapWord(value: Word): Word;
begin
Result := MakeWord(HiByte(value), LoByte(value));
end;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class function TWControlFont.SwapLong(value: LongInt): LongInt;
begin
Result := MakeLong(SwapWord(HiWord(value)), SwapWord(LoWord(value)));
end;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class function TWControlFont.GetFontNameFromFile(const fileName: UnicodeString): UnicodeString;
var
pFile: TFileStream;
offsetTable: ITTFOffsetTable;
dirTable: ITTFDirectoryTable;
nameHeader: ITTFNameTableHeader;
nameRecord: ITTFNameRecord;
nameBuffer: TWByteArray;//TWAnsiCharArray;
i: USHORT;
found: Boolean;
test2: string;
test3: UnicodeString;
test: Integer;
const name: array [0..3] of Byte = (Ord('n'), Ord('a'), Ord('m'), Ord('e'));
begin
// open font file
pFile := TFileStream.Create(fileName, fmOpenRead);
// succeeded?
if (not Assigned(pFile)) then
Exit;
try
pFile.Seek(0, soFromBeginning);
// read TTF offset table
if (pFile.Read(offsetTable, SizeOf(ITTFOffsetTable)) <> SizeOf(ITTFOffsetTable)) then
Exit;
offsetTable.m_NumOfTables := SwapWord(offsetTable.m_NumOfTables);
offsetTable.m_MajorVersion := SwapWord(offsetTable.m_MajorVersion);
offsetTable.m_MinorVersion := SwapWord(offsetTable.m_MinorVersion);
// is truetype font and version is 1.0?
if ((offsetTable.m_MajorVersion <> 1) or (offsetTable.m_MinorVersion <> 0)) then
Exit;
found := False;
// iterate through file tables
if (offsetTable.m_NumOfTables > 0) then
for i := 0 to offsetTable.m_NumOfTables - 1 do
begin
// read table
if (pFile.Read(dirTable, SizeOf(ITTFDirectoryTable)) <> SizeOf(ITTFDirectoryTable)) then
Exit;
// found name table?
if (CompareMem(#dirTable.m_Tag, #name, 4) = True) then
begin
found := True;
dirTable.m_Length := SwapLong(dirTable.m_Length);
dirTable.m_Offset := SwapLong(dirTable.m_Offset);
break;
end;
end;
// found name table?
if (not found) then
Exit;
// seek to name location
pFile.Position := dirTable.m_Offset;
// read name table header
if (pFile.Read(nameHeader, SizeOf(ITTFNameTableHeader)) <> SizeOf(ITTFNameTableHeader)) then
Exit;
nameHeader.m_NRCount := SwapWord(nameHeader.m_NRCount);
nameHeader.m_StorageOffset := SwapWord(nameHeader.m_StorageOffset);
// iterate through name records
if (nameHeader.m_NRCount > 0) then
for i := 0 to nameHeader.m_NRCount - 1 do
begin
// read name record
if (pFile.Read(nameRecord, SizeOf(ITTFNameRecord)) <> SizeOf(ITTFNameRecord)) then
Exit;
nameRecord.m_NameID := SwapWord(nameRecord.m_NameID);
// found font name?
if (nameRecord.m_NameID = 1) then
begin
// get font name length and offset
nameRecord.m_StringLength := SwapWord(nameRecord.m_StringLength);
nameRecord.m_StringOffset := SwapWord(nameRecord.m_StringOffset);
if (nameRecord.m_StringLength = 0) then
continue;
// calculate and seek to font name offset
pFile.Position := dirTable.m_Offset + nameRecord.m_StringOffset + nameHeader.m_StorageOffset;
try
SetLength(nameBuffer, nameRecord.m_StringLength + 1);
//REM FillChar(nameBuffer[0], nameRecord.m_StringLength + 1, $0);
// read font name from file
if (pFile.Read(nameBuffer[0], nameRecord.m_StringLength)
<> nameRecord.m_StringLength)
then
Exit;
nameBuffer[nameRecord.m_StringLength] := $0;
//OutputDebugString(PChar(nameBuffer));
//TWMemoryHelper.SwapBytes(nameBuffer[0], nameRecord.m_StringLength);
//OutputDebugString(PChar(nameBuffer));
//test := StringElementSize(RawByteString(#nameBuffer[0]));
//Result := TWStringHelper.BytesToUniStr(nameBuffer);
//Result := UnicodeString(AnsiString(TWStringHelper.ByteToStr(nameBuffer)));
//REM Result := UnicodeString(nameBuffer);
test2 := TWStringHelper.ByteToStr(nameBuffer);
OutputDebugStringA(PAnsiChar(test2));
test3 := UnicodeString(PAnsiChar(test2));
OutputDebugStringW(PWideChar(test3));
Result := test3;
OutputDebugStringW(PWideChar(test3));
finally
SetLength(nameBuffer, 0);
end;
break;
end;
end;
finally
pFile.Free;
end;
end;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This code works well until the final part of the GetFontNameFromFile() function. There, things start to get complicated. Indeed, I'm unable to convert the nameBuffer byte array to a string in a correct manner.
The first problem I met is that the nameBuffer may be a simple ASCII string, or an UTF16 string, depend on file (I tried with the emoji.ttf available in FireFox, that returns an ASCII string, and Tahoma.ttf from my Win installation, that returns a UTF16 string). I need a way to determine that, and I don't know if there is a function or class in the VCL to do that.
The second problem is the conversion itself. The above code works more or less, but I feel that is not a correct solution. When I try to convert to an UnicodeString directly from nameBuffer, I get some strange crashes. If I try to convert nameBuffer to an AnsiString, the conversion seems success, however a conversion like UnicodeString(AnsiString(nameBuffer)) fails.
And the code seems to be full of memory issues. As I'm new with Delphi, I'm not very comfortable with the memory usage. For example, I suspect several issues with the byte array when I activate the
FillChar(nameBuffer[0], nameRecord.m_StringLength + 1, $0);
line.
So anybody can analyse this code and points me what I doing wrong?
Thanks in advance,
Regards
In Delphi XE8, I am trying to pass an array to the OTL task in SetParameter from OmniThreadLibrary:
implementation
type
TCookie = record
Name: string;
Value: string;
ExpDate: string;
ModDate: string;
end;
TCookieArray = array of TCookie;
var
CurCookies: TCookieArray;
procedure TForm1.btnStartTaskClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
SetLength(CurCookies, 2);
CurCookies[0].Name := 'username';
CurCookies[0].Value := 'Paul';
CurCookies[1].Name := 'password';
CurCookies[1].Value := 'none';
FGetCookieDetailsTask := CreateTask(GetCookieEntries, 'GetCookieEntries')
.MonitorWith(OTLMonitor)
// Compiler complaint:
.SetParameter('CookiesArray', TOmniValue.FromArray<TCookieArray>(CurCookies))
.Run;
end;
The compiler complains about the SetParameter line:
[dcc32 Error] Unit1.pas(310): E2010 Incompatible types:
'System.TArray<Unit1.TCookieArray>' and 'TCookieArray'
Unfortunately, there are no examples in the OTL book on how to use FromArray in SetParameter to pass an array to the task.
So how can this be done?
EDIT: ba__friend asked that I show the source code from my solution in the comments of his answer:
FGetCookieDetailsTask := CreateTask(GetCookieEntries, 'GetCookieEntries')
.MonitorWith(OTLMonitor)
// Now no compiler complaint:
.SetParameter('CookiesArray', CurCookies)
.Run;
procedure GetCookieEntries(const task: IOmniTask);
var
TaskCookies, HostCookies: TCookieArray;
begin
HostCookies := task.Param['CookiesArray'];
TaskCookies := Copy(HostCookies, 0, Length(HostCookies));
There are two problems in your code.
1) TCookieArray has to be declared as
TCookieArray = TArray<TCookie>;
From the compiler's standpoint, array of T and TArray<T> are (sadly) not the same thing.
2) FromArray<T> expects the type T to be the array item type, not the array type (see OtlCommon), so you have to change it from
TOmniValue.FromArray<TCookieArray>
to
TOmniValue.FromArray<TCookie>
To access this array from a task, call:
var
cookies: TCookieArray;
cookies := task.Param['CookiesArray'].ToArray<TCookie>;
Side note: This is how things should work. In OTL up to (and including) 3.04b, record type is, however, not handled correctly in ToArray<T> and FromArray<T>. A fix for that has just been committed to the GitHub.
If you want to fix your copy manually, two modifications are needed.
In TOmniValue.CastFrom<T>, this block
if ds = 0 then // complicated stuff
{$IFDEF OTL_ERTTI}
should be changed to
if ds = 0 then // complicated stuff
if ti^.Kind = tkRecord then
Result.SetAsRecord(CreateAutoDestroyObject(
TOmniRecordWrapper<T>.Create(value)))
else
{$IFDEF OTL_ERTTI}
In TOmniValue.CastTo<T>, following block
if ds = 0 then // complicated stuff
{$IFDEF OTL_ERTTI}
should be changed to
if ds = 0 then // complicated stuff
if ti.Kind = tkRecord then
Result := TOmniRecordWrapper<T>(CastToRecord.Value).Value
else
{$IFDEF OTL_ERTTI}
i'm actually programming an app to see what files are opened .
He is a part of a code that is not by me , i'm trying to using it but i don't understand it ...
I'm trying to get the file names opened by the process , but the function is always resulting like : /Default or /Sessions/1/Windows ... Something like that.Please help me and sorry for my bad english
const
SystemHandleInformation = $10;
STATUS_SUCCESS = $00000000;
STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW = $80000005;
STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH = $C0000004;
DefaulBUFFERSIZE = $100000;
type
OBJECT_INFORMATION_CLASS = (ObjectBasicInformation, ObjectNameInformation,
ObjectTypeInformation, ObjectAllTypesInformation, ObjectHandleInformation);
SYSTEM_HANDLE = packed record
uIdProcess: ULONG;
ObjectType: UCHAR;
Flags: UCHAR;
Handle: Word;
pObject: Pointer;
GrantedAccess: ACCESS_MASK;
end;
PSYSTEM_HANDLE = ^SYSTEM_HANDLE;
SYSTEM_HANDLE_ARRAY = Array [0 .. 0] of SYSTEM_HANDLE;
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_ARRAY = ^SYSTEM_HANDLE_ARRAY;
SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION = packed record
uCount: ULONG;
Handles: SYSTEM_HANDLE_ARRAY;
end;
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION = ^SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION;
TNtQuerySystemInformation = function(SystemInformationClass: DWORD;
SystemInformation: Pointer; SystemInformationLength: DWORD;
ReturnLength: PDWORD): THandle; stdcall;
TNtQueryObject = function(ObjectHandle: cardinal;
ObjectInformationClass: OBJECT_INFORMATION_CLASS;
ObjectInformation: Pointer; Length: ULONG; ResultLength: PDWORD)
: THandle; stdcall;
UNICODE_STRING = packed record
Length: Word;
MaximumLength: Word;
Buffer: PWideChar;
end;
OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION = UNICODE_STRING;
POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION = ^OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION;
Var
NTQueryObject: TNtQueryObject;
NTQuerySystemInformation: TNtQuerySystemInformation;
Procedure EnumerateOpenFiles();
var
sDummy: string;
hProcess: THandle;
hObject: THandle;
ResultLength: DWORD;
aBufferSize: DWORD;
aIndex: Integer;
pHandleInfo: PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION;
HDummy: THandle;
lpwsName: PWideChar;
lpwsType: PWideChar;
lpszProcess: pchar;
begin
aBufferSize := DefaulBUFFERSIZE;
pHandleInfo := AllocMem(aBufferSize);
HDummy := NTQuerySystemInformation(DWORD(SystemHandleInformation),
pHandleInfo, aBufferSize, #ResultLength); // Get the list of handles
if (HDummy = STATUS_SUCCESS) then // If no error continue
begin
for aIndex := 0 to pHandleInfo^.uCount - 1 do // iterate the list
begin
hProcess := OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE or PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION or
PROCESS_VM_READ, False, pHandleInfo.Handles[aIndex].uIdProcess);
// open the process to get aditional info
if (hProcess <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) then // Check valid handle
begin
hObject := 0;
if DuplicateHandle(hProcess, pHandleInfo.Handles[aIndex].Handle,
GetCurrentProcess, #hObject, STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED, False, 0) then
// Get a copy of the original handle
begin
lpwsName := GetObjectInfo(hObject, ObjectTypeInformation);
// Get the filename linked to the handle
if (lpwsName <> nil) then
begin
lpwsType := GetObjectInfo(hObject, ObjectNameInformation);
lpszProcess := AllocMem(MAX_PATH);
if GetModuleFileNameEx(hProcess, 0, lpszProcess, MAX_PATH) <> 0 then
// get the name of the process
sDummy := ExtractFileName(lpszProcess)
else
sDummy := 'System Process';
with MainForm.UsedFilesListView.Items.add do
begin
// Ajout
Caption := sDummy;
ImageIndex := -1;
SubItems.add(lpwsName);
end;
// Writeln('PID ', pHandleInfo.Handles[aIndex].uIdProcess);
// Writeln('Handle ', pHandleInfo.Handles[aIndex].Handle);
// Writeln('Process ', sDummy);
// Writeln('FileName ', string(lpwsName));
// Writeln;
FreeMem(lpwsName);
FreeMem(lpwsType);
FreeMem(lpszProcess);
end;
CloseHandle(hObject);
end;
CloseHandle(hProcess);
end;
end;
end;
FreeMem(pHandleInfo);
end;
First of all, you failed to provide SSCCE in your question, which greatly reduces chances for someone to take a look and try to fix your code. Because we would need to think about all missing declarations and what units to include to make compilable code, and yeah, thats boring.
Second, copy and paste programming is bad practice and it won't make your programming skills to improve. Try to consult MSDN about what certain APIs do and how to use them, then try to fiddle with the code by using informations you gathered through Google/MSDN.
About question itself, it's a tricky one, and widely undocumented.
Check this useful post on SysInternals forums which roughly explains what you have to do: HOWTO: Enumerate handles.
After acquiring file paths, you have to replace MS-DOS device paths with their mapped paths (e.g. \Device\HarddiskVolume1 > C:\). You can do that with GetLogicalDriveStrings and QueryDosDevice APIs.
Now the code itself. You would need JEDI API library to compile it. Tested on XE2:
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
program FileHandles;
uses
Winapi.Windows,
System.Classes,
JwaNative,
JwaNtStatus,
JwaWinternl;
procedure EnumerateDevicePaths(const ADeviceNames, ADevicePaths: TStringList);
var
drives : array[0..4095] of Char;
pdrive : PChar;
drive : String;
drive_path : array[0..4095] of Char;
sdrive_path: String;
begin
ADeviceNames.Clear;
ADevicePaths.Clear;
if GetLogicalDriveStrings(SizeOf(drives), drives) = 0 then
Exit;
pdrive := drives;
while pdrive^ <> #0 do
begin
drive := Copy(pdrive, 0, 4);
if drive <> '' then
begin
if drive[Length(drive)] = '\' then
Delete(drive, Length(drive), 1);
QueryDosDevice(PChar(drive), drive_path, SizeOf(drive_path));
sdrive_path := drive_path;
ADeviceNames.Add(drive);
ADevicePaths.Add(sdrive_path);
end;
Inc(pdrive, 4);
end;
end;
function EnumerateOpenFiles: Integer;
const
HANDLE_BUFFER_INCREASE_CHUNK = 16 * 1024; // increase handles buffer by 16kb
type
// this struct is missing in JEDI declarations (?)
TSystemHandleInformations = record
HandleCount: ULONG;
Handles : array[0..0] of TSystemHandleInformation;
end;
PSystemHandleInformations = ^TSystemHandleInformations;
var
phandles_info : PSystemHandleInformations;
phandles_size : DWORD;
retcode : DWORD;
C1, C2 : Integer;
phandle_info : PSystemHandleInformation;
process_handle: THandle;
dup_handle : THandle;
obj_name_info : PObjectNameInformation;
obj_name_size : DWORD;
fname : String;
device_names : TStringList;
device_paths : TStringList;
begin
device_names := TStringList.Create;
try
device_paths := TStringList.Create;
try
EnumerateDevicePaths(device_names, device_paths); // enumerate devices list, so we can use these later on to replace MS-DOS paths with mapped ones
phandles_size := HANDLE_BUFFER_INCREASE_CHUNK; // start with HANDLE_BUFFER_INCREASE_CHUNK value
phandles_info := AllocMem(phandles_size);
try
retcode := NtQuerySystemInformation(DWORD(SystemHandleInformation), phandles_info, phandles_size, nil);
while retcode = STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH do // realloc handles buffer memory until it's big enough to accept all handles data
begin
Inc(phandles_size, HANDLE_BUFFER_INCREASE_CHUNK);
ReallocMem(phandles_info, phandles_size);
retcode := NtQuerySystemInformation(DWORD(SystemHandleInformation), phandles_info, phandles_size, nil);
end;
if retcode <> STATUS_SUCCESS then
Exit(retcode);
// iterate through opened handles
for C1 := 0 to phandles_info^.HandleCount do
begin
phandle_info := pointer(Integer(#phandles_info^.Handles) + C1 * SizeOf(TSystemHandleInformation)); // get pointer to C1 handle info structure
// if ObjectType is not file, or if handle is named pipe (which would make Nt*() function to block), we skip to the next handle
// GrantedAccess mask here is very cryptic, I've been unable to find more information about it on Google, all codes use static hex numbers for check
if (phandle_info^.ObjectTypeNumber <> 28) or
(phandle_info^.GrantedAccess = $0012019F) or
(phandle_info^.GrantedAccess = $001A019F) or
(phandle_info^.GrantedAccess = $00120189) then
Continue;
process_handle := OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE, FALSE, phandle_info^.ProcessId);
if process_handle <> 0 then
try
if DuplicateHandle(process_handle, phandle_info^.Handle, GetCurrentProcess, #dup_handle, 0, FALSE, 0) then
try
obj_name_size := SizeOf(TObjectNameInformation);
obj_name_info := AllocMem(obj_name_size);
try
// get path to the file
retcode := NtQueryObject(dup_handle, ObjectNameInformation, obj_name_info, obj_name_size, #obj_name_size);
if retcode <> STATUS_SUCCESS then
begin
ReallocMem(obj_name_info, obj_name_size);
retcode := NtQueryObject(dup_handle, ObjectNameInformation, obj_name_info, obj_name_size, nil);
end;
if retcode <> STATUS_SUCCESS then
Continue;
fname := obj_name_info^.Name.Buffer;
// replace MS-DOS device names with their mappings
for C2 := 0 to device_paths.Count - 1 do
if Copy(fname, 1, Length(device_paths[C2])) = device_paths[C2] then
begin
Delete(fname, 1, Length(device_paths[C2]));
fname := device_names[C2] + fname;
Break;
end;
// do necessary processing with fname here
WriteLn(phandle_info^.ProcessId, ': ', fname);
finally
FreeMem(obj_name_info, obj_name_size);
end;
finally
CloseHandle(dup_handle);
end;
finally
CloseHandle(process_handle);
end;
end;
finally
FreeMem(phandles_info, phandles_size);
end;
Exit(STATUS_SUCCESS);
finally
device_paths.Free;
end;
finally
device_names.Free;
end;
end;
begin
EnumerateOpenFiles;
Write('Done!');
ReadLn;
end.
This code can be improved in several more ways, but I gave you enough to start. For example, one of the optimizations would be to avoid opening same process multiple times by sorting handle list by PID, then opening process only once to check the handle group with those same PIDs.
It appears that you are using code from here: Delphi - get what files are opened by an application. This code claims to:
list all open handles from all processes
In other words it lists handles that are associated with objects other than file objects. The file names that you see that do not look like file names are indeed so. They are the names of objects other than files, to which the process has handles.