so I'm working on a simulated linux shell using C (homework), and I have it exiting the program if the user just simply types in "quit".
However, if they throw "exit" somewhere inside a command... "cat file ; exit"
I need it to execute the command like normal, then quit.
I know that I still have to filter the string entered and strip it of the exit, but for now, I'm just simply trying to get it to recognize the substring of "exit" using strstr() and to exit the program.
It just keeps looping if input contains a string with substring "exit" currently.
Thank you.
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define bSize 1000
void driveLoop();
char *userInput(void);
int main(int argc, char **argv){
driveLoop();
return 0;
}
void driveLoop(void){
char *comTokens[100];
char *tempTokens;
char *command;
char *cd;
char *cdDir;
char *cdTemp;
char cdBuf[bSize];
char checkExit[] = "exit";
for (;;){
printf("> ");
command = userInput();
if (!command)
break;
char *exitPtr = strstr(command, checkExit); // using strstr on the pointer containing the input
int i = 0;
tempTokens = strtok(command, " \t\n");
while (tempTokens && i < 99){
comTokens[i++] = tempTokens;
tempTokens = strtok(NULL, "\t\n");
}
if (strcmp(comTokens[0], "exit") == 0){ // this exit is working normally
exit(0);
}
if (strcmp(comTokens[0], "cd") == 0){
cd = getcwd(cdBuf, sizeof(cdBuf));
cdDir = strcat(cd, "/");
cdTemp = strcat(cdDir, comTokens[1]);
continue;
}
comTokens[i] = NULL;
pid_t cFork = fork();
if (cFork == (pid_t) - 1){
perror("fork");
}
else if (cFork == 0){
execvp(comTokens[0], comTokens);
perror("exec");
if (exitPtr != NULL){ // here's where I'm calling the exit
exit(0); // nothing happens though. It just keeps looping.
}
}
else {
int status;
waitpid(cFork, &status, 0);
}
}
}
char *userInput(void){
char *input = NULL;
size_t size = 0;
getline(&input, &size, stdin);
return input;
}
else if (cFork == 0){
execvp(comTokens[0], comTokens);
perror("exec");
if (exitPtr != NULL){ // here's where I'm calling the exit
exit(0); // nothing happens though. It just keeps looping.
}
}
execvp doesn't return if it succeeds, so your if will normally never be executed. (And if execvp does return, you probably want to exit the child unconditionally, preferably with _exit().)
What you really want is for the parent process to exit. So you probably wanted to put this code in the parent branch of the fork:
else {
int status;
waitpid(cFork, &status, 0);
// add it here
if (exitPtr != NULL){
exit(0);
}
}
Related
I'm am trying to use the fork method to call a different program and wait until it completes,
I tried to check what is the problem and it seems that the wait function doesn't wait to the childReturns and it makes doesn't print the answer.
(the assignment was to loop compare method until ctrl+c )
the program I call is a comparator that compares 2 strings.
the problem is that the wait func doesn't wait for the child
the compile is GCC
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#define LINELEN (80)
char *mygets(char *buf, int len);
char *progName(char *prog);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char *args[3];
char str1[LINELEN + 1];
char str2[LINELEN + 1];
int childReturns;
if (argc != 2)
return -1;
char *prog = progName(argv[1]);
if (prog == NULL)
return -1;
args[0] = prog;
while (1)
{
printf("Enter string:");
if (mygets(str1, LINELEN) == NULL)
break;
printf("Enter string:");
if (mygets(str2, LINELEN) == NULL)
break;
args[1] = str1;
args[2] = str2;
int processId = fork();
if (processId == 0)
execvp(prog, args);
else
{
wait(&childReturns); // Wait for the child
printf("Child code is %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(childReturns));
}
}
free(prog);
return 0;
}
char *progName(char *prog)
{
char *filePath = (char *)malloc(strlen(prog) + 3);
if (!filePath)
return NULL;
strcpy(filePath, "./");
strcat(filePath, prog);
return filePath;
}
char *mygets(char *buf, int len)
{
char *retval;
retval = fgets(buf, len, stdin);
buf[len] = '\0';
if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == 10) /* trim \r */
buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = '\0';
else if (retval)
while (getchar() != '\n')
; /* get to eol */
return retval;
} ```
Try chaining these lines:
if (processId == 0)
execvp(prog, args);
else
To these:
if (processId == 0) {
execvp(prog, args);
perror(prog);
abort();
} else
Also, note that WEXITSTATUS, is only valid if WIFEXITTED() is true. In this case, when your child process abort()'s, it will not be true.
So
wait(&childReturns); // Wait for the child
printf("Child code is %d\n",
needs a bit more work, like:
if (WIFEXITTED(childReturns)) {
printf("Child code is %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(childReturns));
} else if (WIFSIGNALED(childReturns)) {
printf("Child killed by signal %d\n", WTERMSIG(childReturns);
} else {
printf("Child suffered %#x\n", childReturns);
}
But, your real problem is why is execvp() failing? Look carefully at how big your args array is. Does it match the documentation?
fork() system call duplicates the mother process. The resulting child process and the parent process will have their own address spaces. So child process can not modify childReturns variable of the parent.
Additionally, wait(NULL) waits for child processes to end.
As Jonathan Leffler said the problem was with the args, execvp() needs that the array off args has in the end NULL.
and that fixed the problem.
the Right code :
char str1[LINELEN + 1];
char str2[LINELEN + 1];
int childReturns = 1;
if (argc != 2)
return -1;
char *prog = progName(argv[1]);
if (prog == NULL)
return -1;
char *args[4];
args[3] = NULL;
args[0] = prog;
while (1)
{
printf("Enter string:");
if (mygets(str1, LINELEN) == NULL)
break;
printf("Enter string:");
if (mygets(str2, LINELEN) == NULL)
break;
args[1] = str1;
args[2] = str2;
int processId = fork();
if (processId == 0)
{
execvp(prog, args);
}
else
{
wait(&childReturns); // Wait for the child
printf("Child code is %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(childReturns));
}
}
free(prog);
return 0;```
I am trying to make a some what shell in C but I am having problems with making the ls command. mkdir, and cd work fine but with ls it gives me
"Address out of bounds segmentation error"
Hope somebody can help me. Here's my code.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <readline/readline.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main() {
printf("\033[1;33mWelcome To Crisp Bacon Shell\n");
while (1) {
printf("\033[0m%s $", hostname);
input = readline("");
command = get_input(input);
child_pid = fork();
if (child_pid < 0) {
perror("Fork failed");
exit(1);
}else if (child_pid == 0) {
/* Never returns if the call is successful */
execvp(command[0], command);
printf("This won't be printed if execvp is successul\n");
} else {
waitpid(child_pid, &stat_loc, WUNTRACED);
}
free(input);
free(command);
}
return 0;
}
char **get_input(char *input) {
char **command = malloc(8 * sizeof(char *));
char *separator = " ";
char *parsed;
int index = 0;
parsed = strtok(input, separator);
while (parsed != NULL) {
command[index] = parsed;
index++;
parsed = strtok(NULL, separator);
}
command[index] = NULL;
return command;
}
The only thing I understand it has something to do with memory and references or pointers but I tried changing everything from & refrencing to pointers and it just gave me more errors what do I do?
There were many undeclared variables in your code snippets. You also need to fetch the hostname, it isn't a global variable. It's also a best practice to declare your functions before using them.
This works fine:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <readline/readline.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
char **get_input(char *input) {
char **command = malloc(8 * sizeof(char *));
char *separator = " ";
int index = 0;
char *parsed = strtok(input, separator);
while (parsed != NULL && index < 8) { // you need to make sure the index does not overflow the array
command[index] = parsed;
index++;
parsed = strtok(NULL, separator);
}
command[index] = NULL;
return command;
}
int main() {
printf("\033[1;33mWelcome To Crisp Bacon Shell\n");
while (1) {
// hostname does not exist, you need to fetch it
char hostname[1024];
gethostname(hostname, 1023); // POSIX only
printf("\033[0m%s $", hostname);
char *input = readline(NULL);
char **command = get_input(input);
pid_t child_pid = fork();
if (child_pid < 0) {
perror("Fork failed");
exit(1);
} else if (child_pid == 0) {
/* Never returns if the call is successful */
execvp(command[0], command);
printf("This won't be printed if execvp is successul\n");
} else {
waitpid(child_pid, NULL, WUNTRACED); // since you don't use the middle argument, no need to point to valid data
}
free(input);
free(command);
}
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#define BUFFER 64
char *read_command(void);
char **parse_line(char *line);
int execute(char **arguments);
int main(void)
{
char *command = NULL;
char **arguments;
int status;
do
{
printf("protoulis_7968> ");
command = read_command();
arguments = parse_line(command);
status = execute(arguments);
free(arguments);
free(command);
}while(status);
}
char *read_command(void)
{
char *command = NULL;
ssize_t buf = 0;
getline(&command, &buf, stdin);
return command;
}
char **parse_line(char *line)
{
int buffer = BUFFER;
int pos = 0;
char **tokens = malloc(buffer * sizeof(char*));
char *token;
if (!tokens)
{
printf("Error allocating memory with malloc\n");
exit(0);
}
token = strtok(line, " \t\r\n\a");
while(token != NULL)
{
tokens[pos] = token;
pos++;
if (pos >= buffer)
{
buffer += BUFFER;
tokens = realloc(tokens, buffer * sizeof(char*));
if (!tokens)
{
printf("Error reallocating memory!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
token = strtok(NULL, " \t\r\n\a");
}
tokens[pos] = NULL;
return tokens;
}
int execute(char **arguments)
{
// printf("%*c\n", arguments);
int pid, waitPid, status;
pid = fork();
if(pid == 0) //child process
{
if (execvp(arguments[0], arguments) == -1)
perror("Error with EXECVP\n");
}
else if (pid < 0)
perror("Error PID < 0\n");
else //parent process
{
do
{
waitPid = waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED);
}while(!WIFEXITED(status) && !WIFSIGNALED(status));
}
return 1;
}
Well, I have written the above code simulating a command line interpreter in C. I would like to be able to execute multiple commands by entering them in one line. I mean I want to pass as input for example the line: ls -l ; touch hello.c ; pwd. Having passed this entire line I want to separate the commands by the semicolon and let the system execute each command in any order. I believe I have to use the strtok function but have done many attempts and managed nothing. Any help would be really appreciated!
strtok will not suffice in your case. The reason is that it will take you to the next subcommand but to be able to execute this subcommand, you have to have it as a single string.
Two ways to solve this issue:
Count how many ';' there is, replace them by '\0' to have several contiguous strings in memory, then execute them one by one.
Write a function that splits your command string into a 2d array of subcommands, then execute them one by one.
Here's a code that does that if you need some inspiration:
Using linked lists: https://github.com/yoones/chelpers/blob/master/src/split.c
2d array version: https://github.com/yoones/hsn/blob/master/src/tools/split.c
I'm trying to write a simple C shell. My problem is that I have written the program so that when the user enters a NULL value I've got the shell to exit and stop running. However after using different shells i've realised that the shell continues to loop. Is there anyway to fix this without having to rewrite my code? I'm still quite a novice to C.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAX_CMD_SIZE 512
int getPath(){
printf("PATH = %s\n", getenv("PATH"));
return 0;
}
int setPath(char* arg){
setenv("PATH", arg, 1);
return 0;
}
int setwd() {
char *arg;
arg = getenv("HOME");
chdir(arg);
return 0;
}
int main()
{
char buff[MAX_CMD_SIZE]; //buff used to hold commands the user will type in
char *defaultPath = getenv("PATH");
char *args[50] = {NULL};
char *arg;
int i;
pid_t pid;
setwd();
while(1){
printf(">");
if (fgets(buff, MAX_CMD_SIZE, stdin) == NULL) { //Will exit if no value is typed on pressing enter
setPath(defaultPath);
getPath();
exit(0);
}
arg = strtok(buff, " <|>\n\t");
i = 0;
if (arg == NULL) return -1;
while (arg != NULL){
printf("%s\n", arg);
args[i] = arg;
arg = strtok(NULL, " <|>\n\t");
i++;
}
if (strcmp(args[0], "exit") == 0 && !feof(stdin)){ //Will exit if input is equal to "exit" or ctrl + d
setPath(defaultPath);
getPath();
exit(0);
}
else {
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0){ //Error checking
fprintf(stderr, "Fork Failed\n");
} else if (pid == 0){ //This is the child procsess
execvp(args[0], args);
exit(-1);
} else { //Parent Process
wait(NULL); // Parent will wait for child to complete
}
}
}
return 0;
}
I am writing a C program to emulate a simple shell. This shell will basically evaluate commands like any other shell (ls, cat, etc.), as well as handle pipelining and redirection.
Currently, I am trying to start out by getting user input, tokenizing it, and executing the command provided (e.g. executing only "ls" and not "ls -l"). However, I am having a lot of difficulty with the forking. It seems that every time I fork, something goes wrong and hundreds of identical processes are created, leading to my computer freezing and me having to restart. The code appears to be correct, but I have no idea what is causing this behaviour. Below is the relevant portion of my code (main method and input tokenizer method).
int main() {
char inputLine[512]; //user input
char *args[10]; //arguments
char* pathVar = "/bin/";//path for argument
char programPath[512]; //pathVar + args[0]
int n; //count variable
//loop
while (1) {
//print prompt, get input
printf("input> ");
fgets(inputLine, 512, stdin);
n = tokenizer(inputLine, args);
//fork process
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid != 0) { //if parent
wait(NULL);
} else { //if child
//format input for execution
strcpy(programPath, pathVar);
strcat(programPath, args[0]);
//execute user command
int returnVal = execv(programPath, args);
}
}
return 0;
}
int tokenizer(char *input, char *args[]) {
char *line; //current line
int i = 0; //count variable
line = input;
args[i] = strtok(line, " ");
do {
i++;
line = NULL;
args[i] = strtok(line, " ");
} while (args[i] != NULL);
return i;
}
Putting it all together:
You need to check fork and execv for failure.
You should exit after an execv failure (and perhaps after a fork failure).
And you need to add \n to the strtok delimiters (or remove the newline from the input line in some other way).
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAXARGS 10
#define PATH "/bin/"
int main() {
char inputLine[BUFSIZ];
char *args[MAXARGS];
char programPath[BUFSIZ + sizeof(PATH) + 10];
while (1) {
printf(":-> ");
if (fgets(inputLine, BUFSIZ, stdin) == NULL) /* ctrl-D entered */
break;
tokenize(inputLine, args);
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == -1) {
perror("fork");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (pid != 0) { /* parent */
wait(NULL);
} else { /* child */
strcpy(programPath, PATH);
strcat(programPath, args[0]);
execv(programPath, args); /* will not return unless it fails */
perror("execv");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
return 0;
}
int tokenize(char *input, char *args[]) {
int i = 0;
args[0] = strtok(input, " \n");
for (i = 0; args[i] && i < MAXARGS-1; ++i)
args[++i] = strtok(NULL, " \n");
return i;
}
You should check that execv doesn't fail and also be sure to exit() at the end of the child block.
//execute user command
int returnVal = execv(programPath, args);
// check return from execv
if (returnVal < 0) {
perror("execv");
exit(1);
}
Also, beware using functions like strcpy in this context since they may lead to buffer overflows. If an untrusted attacker type is talking to your shell this type of security issue could let them break out of the "sandbox".