I have a similiar question like I did ask here: Nested loop
However, I still did not solve the "problem" which seems to be little. I already implemented the solution mentioned using [FindStr][2], however the runtime is much much longer than without FindStr. So I would like to keep the method using
IF not "!stringToTest:!searchValue!=!"=="!stringToTest!" echo Something
Below I post some runable code. In the beginning I just set my array with the values I would like to search for and then some exmaple "texts" in which I like to search my beforehand set searchvalues.
My strategy:
Loop through my file with the text lines. For each line test each SearchValue for presence.
After all Searchvalues tested, go to ne next line and check also for the presence of each searchvalue.
So I have two nested Loops. At every step inside the loop I output the current vaule of the variables and those seems to be correct. I really do not know how my fault in this line is as the searchfunction is not working correctly:
IF not "!stringToTest:!searchValue!=!"=="!stringToTest!" echo Searchword is in Textline
There may be just a little mistake in here? I am very thankful for every tipp in this issue.
#echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set /a counter=0
set "searchValues=abc,xyz"
FOR %%G in (%searchValues%) do (
set arraySearchVal[!counter!]=%%G
set /a counter+=1
)
REM set arraySearchVal
set /a counter-=1
set "TextWhichNeedToBeSearched=tzu,abc,qsd"
FOR %%G in (%TextWhichNeedToBeSearched%) do (
set "stringToTest=%%G"
echo Textline: !stringToTest!
FOR /l %%I in (0,1,%counter%) do (
set "searchValue=!arraySearchVal[%%I]!"
echo Searchword: !searchValue!
REM echo !stringToTest! found in Textline | findstr "!searchValue!"
IF not "!stringToTest:!searchValue!=!"=="!stringToTest!" echo Searchword is in Textline
)
echo/
)
endlocal
pause
This falls under the K.I.S.S. methodology. By making your search arguments array variables you have over complicated your code. You can simplify it like so.
#echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set "searchValues=abc,xyz"
set "TextWhichNeedToBeSearched=tzu,abc,qsd"
FOR %%G in (%TextWhichNeedToBeSearched%) do (
set "stringToTest=%%G"
echo Textline: !stringToTest!
FOR %%I in (%searchValues%) do (
echo Searchword: %%I
IF not "!stringToTest:%%I=!"=="!stringToTest!" echo Searchword is in Textline
)
echo/
)
endlocal
pause
If you really want to use your original code you can get the double variable expansion using a trick with the CALL command to set another variable. Then use that variable with the IF command.
#echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set /a counter=0
set "searchValues=abc,xyz"
FOR %%G in (%searchValues%) do (
set arraySearchVal[!counter!]=%%G
set /a counter+=1
)
REM set arraySearchVal
set /a counter-=1
set "TextWhichNeedToBeSearched=tzu,abc,qsd"
FOR %%G in (%TextWhichNeedToBeSearched%) do (
set "stringToTest=%%G"
echo Textline: !stringToTest!
FOR /l %%I in (0,1,%counter%) do (
set "searchValue=!arraySearchVal[%%I]!"
echo Searchword: !searchValue!
REM echo !stringToTest! found in Textline | findstr "!searchValue!"
call set "temptest=%%stringToTest:!searchValue!=%%"
IF not "!temptest!"=="!stringToTest!" echo Searchword is in Textline
)
echo/
)
endlocal
pause
Before getring into this too much, why are you creating a list of counter values if you don't need to? Why bot loop the 1st set and 2nd set wirhoutbhaving special variables for a for L loop, as you don't then assign the positional value.
Another bit, are all of the terms you are looking to see if exist in the text strings partials? Or are you always going to match the full string? If you are matching full strings you only need one loop.
IE if possible strings to match are the Full value, or "whole word" you want to find in the set to look through.
EG
REM this sees if any of the arguments match the list of options using only one loop.
Set "_OptionsToMatch= -D -Delete -R -Remove "
FOR %%_ in (%*) DO (
Echo=%_OptionsToMatch% | FIND /I " %%~_ " )
Assuming the above doesn't work for you in this scenario for some reason
Well lets address the other bits like why are you crwating a valued array at all?
#(echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set "searchValues=abc,xyz"
set "TextWhichNeedToBeSearched=tzu,abc,qsd"
)
CALL :Main
( Endlocal
Pause
Exit /B
)
:Main
FOR %%G in (%TextWhichNeedToBeSearched%) do (
SET "stringToTest=%%G"
FOR %%g in (%searchValues%) do (
IF /I "!stringToTest:%%g!" NEQ "%%G" (
Echo The string "%%G" contains "%%g"
) ELSE (
Echo The string "%%G" does not contain "%%g"
)
)
)
Goto :EOF
If all that were needed you could amend the above to make it work to have numbered arrays as it goes along I suppose.
Alternatively if you just want to address what is going on:
Delayed expansion isn't a complete replacement for calling a command or using a function.
This is one of the reasons Inused to only write scripts wirhout delayed expansion as even wirh it on mor complex work still requires calling a function to do the steps as part of the loop.
This is generally when doing lots of value man up such as here.
The alternative, which works as well is to create loops to do the next level of variable manipulation, which is faster? YMMV
Which is simpler - generally calling the sub function.
Which is easier to follow - YMMV.
Here is the sub function method:
#(echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set /a "counter=0"
set "searchValues=abc,xyz"
set "TextWhichNeedToBeSearched=tzu,abc,qsd"
)
CALL :Main
( Endlocal
Pause
Exit /B
)
:Main
FOR %%G in (%searchValues%) do (
set /a "counter+=1"
set "arraySearchVal[!counter!]=%%G"
)
FOR %%G in (
%TextWhichNeedToBeSearched%
) do (
set "stringToTest=%%G"
echo Textline: !stringToTest!
FOR /l %%I in (1,1,%counter%) do (
Call set "searchValue=!arraySearchVal[%%I]!"
echo Searchword: !searchValue!
CALL :Fn_Compare
If !_CmpResult! == 0 (
Echo=the string did not exist.
Echo=Even in your loop you can use this result now.
) ELSE (
Echo=the string does exist.
Echo=Even in your loop you can use this result now.
)
)
echo/
)
Goto :EOF
:Fn_Compare
REM echo !stringToTest! found in Textline | findstr "!searchValue!"
IF /I "!stringToTest:%searchValue%=!" NEQ "!stringToTest!" (
echo Searchword is in Textline
Set "_CmpResult=1"
) ELSE (
Set "_CmpResult=0"
)
Goto :EOF
Is this not all you need?
#Echo Off
Set "TextWhichNeedToBeSearched=tzu,abc,qsd"
Set "SearchValues=abc,xyz"
Set "ResultString=Searchword is in Textline"
For %%# In (%SearchValues%)Do (
Echo Textline: %TextWhichNeedToBeSearched%
Echo Searchword: %%#
Echo("%TextWhichNeedToBeSearched%"|FindStr "\<%%#\>">NUL 2>&1&&(
Echo(%ResultString%)||Echo(%ResultString:is=is not%
Echo(
)
Pause
Related
I found and modified a code snippet to allow passing unlimited named parameters to a batch script.
Accessing unknown number of commands (parameters) in batch file
Everything was working great, but now I'm building in Wildcard checking into the script and I found if I pass a value like this "FILEPATH=C:\tmp\test *.txt" that FILEPATH doesn't get defined by my code snippet. As I didn't truly create it I am partly unaware of how it works and could be modified to allow special characters.
Here is the code snippet to allow named params that I'd like guidance on modifiying:
::Set Named Arguments
set argCount=0
for %%x in (%*) do (
set /A argCount+=1
set "argVec[!argCount!]=%%~x"
set %%x
)
Update:
I changed the for loop to for /F delims^=^"^ tokens^=* %%x in (%*) do ( and it will now define the FILEPATH with a WILDCARD, but it strips the first " and then makes all the arguments into one line and also strips the final ". Perhaps I need a way to use the argcount to correlate the alphanumeric position of the set %%x line?
Another thought, since the above change to the for loop does accept the wildcard, but creates a single long variable containing all params passed to script.cmd, perhaps I can loop over it (the long variable) again and split up the named arguments.
Update:
Example usage:
script.cmd:
#ECHO OFF
CLS
::Set Named Arguments
set argCount=0
for %%x in (%*) do (
set /A argCount+=1
set "argVec[!argCount!]=%%~x"
set %%x
)
ECHO %FILEPATH%
ECHO %VAR%
EXIT /B
test.cmd:
#ECHO OFF
CLS
::Doesn't Work
CALL "C:\tmp\script.cmd" "FILEPATH=C:\tmp\tes*.txt" "VAR=2"
PAUSE
::Works Fine
CALL "C:\tmp\script.cmd" "FILEPATH=C:\tmp\test.txt"
PAUSE
Using your current method by defining FILEPATH= as a parameter.
Note:
I need to express that this is trending a little on the dangerous side. Reason being, if any of the input variables contains something like PATH=Somepath it will break the immediate environment while the script is running. So ensure you check the input types that will be passed.
#echo off & setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
(set "%~1" & set "%~2" & set "%~3" & set "%~4")>nul
set argCount=0
if defined FILEPATH (
for %%x in ("%FILEPATH%") do (
set /A argCount+=1
set "argVec[!argCount!]=%%~x"
echo argVec[!argCount!]
)
echo %FILEPATH%
) else (
echo FILEPATH not defined
)
My full solution based on #Gerhard's awesome answer. This still allows me to take an unlimited amount of variables input in unknown order in "VALUE=KEY" format, and not know the FILEPATH positional argument, but as batch has limitations on using only %1-->%9 I felt it easiest/best to handle/allow that FILEPATH be any of the first 9 PARAMS. This really taught me about the things you take for granted in shells like BASH and also, what BASH is doing "behind the scenes". The idea was to build in wildcard searching as my script.cmd will always be called by a "parent script" w/ params and I want it to be similar to BASH (allow end users to use wildcards).
script.cmd:
#ECHO OFF
CLS
::SET Named Arguments
SET argCount=0
for %%x in (%*) do (
SET /A argCount+=1
SET "argVec[!argCount!]=%%~x"
SET %%x
)
::Wildcards in FilePath?
(SET "%~1" & SET "%~2" & SET "%~3" & SET "%~4" & SET "%~5" & SET "%~6" & SET "%~7" & SET "%~8" & SET "%~9")>nul
SET argCount=0
IF DEFINED FILEPATH (
FOR %%x IN ("%FILEPATH%") DO (
SET /A argCount+=1
SET "argVec[!argCount!]=%%~x"
)
CALL :FindFileWildCard "%FILEPATH%" FILEPATH
) ELSE (
ECHO No "FILEPATH=C:\path\print.doc" Defined!
PAUSE
GOTO:EOF
)
ECHO %FILEPATH%
ECHO %VAR%
ECHO %VAR2%
ECHO %VAR3%
ECHO %VAR4%
ECHO %VAR5%
ECHO %VAR6%
ECHO %VAR7%
ECHO %VAR8%
ECHO %VAR9%
ECHO %VAR10%
GOTO :EOF
::Functions
:FindFileWildCard
::Does Path contain WildCards?
ECHO "%~1" | FIND /i "*" >nul
IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
FOR /F "Tokens=*" %%F IN ('DIR /B /S "%~1"') DO (
SET %2=%%F
EXIT /B
)
)
ECHO "%~1" | FIND /i "?" >nul
IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
FOR /F "Tokens=*" %%F IN ('DIR /B /S "%~1"') DO (
SET %2=%%F
EXIT /B
)
)
EXIT /B
:EOF
test.cmd:
#ECHO OFF
CLS
CALL "C:\tmp\script.cmd" "VAR=VAR" "VAR2=VAR2" "VAR3=VAR3" "FILEPATH=C:\tmp\tmp space\te*.txt" "VAR4=VAR4" "VAR5=VAR5" "VAR6=VAR6" "VAR7=VAR7" "VAR8=VAR8" "VAR9=VAR9" "VAR10=VAR10"
PAUSE
CALL "C:\tmp\script.cmd" "VAR=VAR" "VAR2=VAR2" "VAR3=VAR3" "FILEPATH=C:\tmp\tmp space\test with spa?*.txt" "VAR4=VAR4" "VAR5=VAR5" "VAR6=VAR6" "VAR7=VAR7" "VAR8=VAR8" "VAR9=VAR9" "VAR10=VAR10"
PAUSE
CALL "C:\tmp\script.cmd" "VAR=VAR" "VAR2=VAR2" "VAR3=VAR3" "FILEPATH=C:\tmp\test.txt" "VAR4=VAR4" "VAR5=VAR5" "VAR6=VAR6" "VAR7=VAR7" "VAR8=VAR8" "VAR9=VAR9" "VAR10=VAR10"
PAUSE
Result:
C:\tmp\tmp space\test with space.txt
VAR
VAR2
VAR3
VAR4
VAR5
VAR6
VAR7
VAR8
VAR9
VAR10
Press any key to continue . . .
Inside the for loop I'm trying to access the element at index count in CLs (this line of code: echo !!CLs[!count!]!!) , but I'm not sure how to do this. I don't really understand how expansion works in this case, so what you see below it me trying something out of no where.
#ECHO off
setlocal enableextensions enabledelayedexpansion
SET CLs[0]=#
SET /A count = 0
FOR /F "tokens=5" %%I IN ('some command') DO (
echo !!CLs[!count!]!! :: THIS LINE
IF NOT %%I == CLs[!count!] (
SET /A count += 1
SET CLs[!count!]=%%I
)
)
echo The item is %CLs[10]%
endlocal
Thanks
According to the post How does the Windows Command Interpreter (CMD.EXE) parse scripts? (see phase 5), the line echo !!CLs[!count!]!! cannot work, because the opening !! are collapsed to a single !, then !CLs[! is expanded to an empty string (assuming such variable is not defined), then count is returned literally, then !]! is expanded to an empty string and the final ! is dismissed. Or in other words, delayed expansion cannot be nested.
You can use call though to introduce another parsing phase, like this:
call echo %%CLs[!count!]%%
The line IF NOT %%I == CLs[!count!] ( ... ) is wrong, you must expand the right value too. However, call if will not help unfortunately, because if (like for and rem) is a special command that is recognised by the parser earlier than others, like call.
To work around that you can store the value of !count! in a for meta-variable, like %%J, for instance, to introduce another parsing phase, and use !CLs[%%J]! then, like this:
set /A "count=0"
for /F "tokens=5" %%I in ('some command') do (
for %%J in (!count!) do (
echo !CLs[%%J]!
if not "%%I" == "!CLs[%%J]!" (
set /A "count+=1"
set "CLs[!count!]=%%I"
)
)
)
Another yet slower possibility is to put the relevant code into a sub-routine:
set /A "count=0"
for /F "tokens=5" %%I in ('some command') do (
call :SUB !count!
)
goto :EOF
:SUB
echo !CLs[%~1]!
if not "%%I" == "!CLs[%~1]!" (
set /A "count+=1"
set "CLs[%~1]=%%I"
)
goto :EOF
You may also take a look at the post Arrays, linked lists and other data structures in cmd.exe (batch) script about how to deal with such pseudo-arrays.
ECHO ------------- START AT %time%
REM <!-- language: lang-dos -->
#ECHO Off
setlocal enableextensions ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
SET "sourcedir=U:\sourcedir"
SET "filename1=%sourcedir%\q58209698.txt"
SET CLs[0]=#
SET /a clscnt[0]=0
SET /A count = 0
FOR /F "tokens=*" %%I IN ('type %filename1%') DO (
SET "processed="
FOR /f "tokens=1,2,3delims=[]=" %%a IN ('set cls[') DO IF /i "%%a"=="cls" (
IF "%%I"=="%%c" (SET /a clscnt[%%b]+=1&SET "processed=y")
)
IF not DEFINED processed SET /a count+=1&SET "cls[!count!]=%%I"&SET /a clscnt[!count!]=1
)
FOR /L %%a IN (0,1,%count%) DO ECHO !clscnt[%%a]! times !cls[%%a]!
ENDLOCAL
ECHO -------------------------Second way -----------------
#ECHO Off
setlocal enableextensions ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
SET "sourcedir=U:\sourcedir"
SET "filename1=%sourcedir%\q58209698.txt"
SET CLs[0]=#
SET /a clscnt[0]=0
SET /A count = 0
FOR /F "tokens=*" %%I IN ('type %filename1%') DO (
SET "processed="
FOR /L %%a IN (0,1,!count!) DO (
IF "%%I"=="!cls[%%a]!" (SET /a clscnt[%%a]+=1&SET "processed=y")
)
IF not DEFINED processed SET /a count+=1&SET "cls[!count!]=%%I"&SET /a clscnt[!count!]=1
)
FOR /L %%a IN (0,1,%count%) DO ECHO !clscnt[%%a]! times !cls[%%a]!
ENDLOCAL
GOTO :EOF
I used a file named q58209698.txt containing some dummy data for my testing and chose to use the entire data line, having no suitable files where token 5 existed.
Note that as a bonus, I've added clscnt - an array of occurence-counts.
Shown: two separate ways of achieving the aim of finding/counting the unique tokens. Naturally, if the cls array is pre-loaded with the required tokens, then it's basic-programmer's-play to adjust the code to detect/report occurrences of those tokens.
The two methods are similar. In the first, set is used to list the established variables starting cls[. The first if ensures processing only the array-name cls, then either it's a repeat (set prcoessed to a value and increment the occurrences-counter) or it's a new value (when the for...%%a loop ends, processed is still undefined) so record it.
The second way is more direct, using the value of count to specifically interrogate the values in the cls array.
I'm 90% of the way there on a Windows Batch file.
It takes 2 input parameters, input and output files.
It then reads in the input file, and substrings certain lines into arrays (Well line 2 onwards).
Then we come to a loop for outputting.
With delayed expansion on my counter for going through the array doesn't update unless I use !counter2!, %counter2% doesn't work.
Using !arrayname[!counter2!]! doesn't work.
Here is the code as it stands.
#Echo off
if [%1] == [] goto usage
if [%2] == [] goto usage
echo start time : %time%>logfile.log
set input_file=%1
set output_file=%2
if exist %output_file% del %output_file%
Echo Start reading %input_file%>> logfile.log
setLocal EnableDelayedExpansion
set /a counter=1
for /F "tokens=* delims=" %%a in ('type %input_file%') DO (
::echo !counter!
if "!counter!"=="1" set header=%%a
if not "!counter!"=="1" (
set data[!counter!]=%%a
set line=%%a
set jobnumber[!counter!]=!line:~0,7!
set docnumber[!counter!]=!line:~7,5!
set pagecount[!counter!]=!line:~12,2!
set customernumber[!counter!]=!line:~14,20!
set presort[!counter!]=0000
set postcode[!counter!]=0000
set inserts[!counter!]=!line:~36,11!
set filler[!counter!]=000000
set address[!counter!]=!line:~58,350!
set filler2[!counter!]=" "
set endline[!counter!]=X
)
set /a counter=counter+1
)
Echo Start writing %output_file%>> logfile.log
for /L %%G in (2,1,%counter%) DO (
set counter2=%%G
echo !counter2!
echo !jobnumber[%counter2%]!!docnumber[%counter2%]!!pagecount[%counter2%]!!customernumber[%counter2%]!!presort[%counter2%]!!postcode[%counter2%]!!inserts[%counter2%]!!filler[%counter2%]!!address[%counter2%]!!filler2[%counter2%]!!endline[%counter2%]!>>%output_file%
)
echo end time : %time%>>logfile.log
pause
goto :eof
:usage
echo Usage: blah.bat input_filename output_filename
pause
goto :eof
It is the echo !jobnumber[%counter2%]! where things are not being resolved.
The echo !counter2! works fine.
Before you ask, Yes I know this could be done better and easier in C# or another programming language, However I am tasked with doing it in a windows batch file.
Thanks in advance for any help provided.
Tel
Try with:
for /L %%G in (2,1,%counter%) DO (
set counter2=%%G
echo !counter2!
echo !jobnumber[%%G]!!docnumber[%%G]!!pagecount[%%G]!!customernumber[%%G]!!presort[%%G]!!postcode[%%G]!!inserts[%%G]!!filler[%%G]!!address[%%G]!!filler2[%%G]!!endline[%%G]!>>%output_file%
)
You are not changing the value of the coutner2 so you don't need it and you can directly use %%G.
Though if you need changes in counter2 you'll have to wrap it again in for loop and to use its tokens.
I'm trying to read a file and output the lines of data into registry keys. The data collection works, but I don't understand the syntax required to increment the string values in the last loop.
#echo OFF
SETLOCAL DisableDelayedExpansion
FOR /F "usebackq skip=1 delims=" %%a in (`"findstr /n ^^ C:\GetSID.txt"`) do (
set "var=%%a"
SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
set "var=!var:*:=!" This removes the prefix
echo(!var:~76,63!>>C:\SIDoutput.txt
goto :EndLoop
)
:EndLoop
set /p SID= <C:\users\paintic\SIDoutput.txt
set KEY_NAME="HKEY_USERS\!SID!\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\PrinterPorts"
set Counter=1
for /f %%x in (C:\users\paintic\Networkprinters.txt) do (
set "Line_!Counter!=%%x"
set /a Counter+=1
if !Counter!==3 (Echo %line_counter%)
)
set /a counter2=!counter!-3
set counter=1
The part below is what I can't get to work. I'm trying to write LINE_1, LINE_2 and LINE_3 values from the previous loop to increment via the loop below. So VALUENAME should equal LINE_1, TYPE should = LINE_2's value and DATA should = LINE_3 on the first run and keep going up by 1 until the loop finishes (end of the file read)
`for /L %%i in (1,1,%counter2%) do (
set ValueName=%Line_!counter!%
set /a counter+=1
set Type=%Line_!counter!%
set /a Counter+=1
set Data=%Line_!counter!%
set /a Counter+=1
echo !ValueName!
echo !Type!
echo !Data!
REG ADD %KEY_NAME% /v !ValueName! /t !Type! /d !Data! /f
)
ENDLOCAL
Pause`
On searching for errors in batch file it is always helpful to use in first line #echo on or remove #echo off or comment this line with rem to see what cmd.exe really executes.
Command line interpreter fails on lines with set VariableName=%Line_!counter!% as the interpreter does not know what to expand first. I think it is not possible to create dynamically the name of an environment variable and reference next the value of this environment variable. This approach most likely does not work ever.
However, what you want to achieve can be done much easier directly in second loop as the following example demonstrates:
#echo off
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
rem Create data for demo example.
set "KEY_NAME=HKEY_USERS\S-1-5-20\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\PrinterPorts"
echo TestValue>"%TEMP%\Networkprinters.txt"
echo REG_SZ>>"%TEMP%\Networkprinters.txt"
echo Sample Data>>"%TEMP%\Networkprinters.txt"
echo AnotherValue>>"%TEMP%\Networkprinters.txt"
echo REG_DWORD>>"%TEMP%\Networkprinters.txt"
echo ^1>>"%TEMP%\Networkprinters.txt"
rem Now the loop follows which reads the data from the file line
rem by line and build the line for using command "reg.exe" to
rem add the data to registry of the user with the defined SID.
set Counter=1
for /f "usebackq delims=" %%x in ("%TEMP%\Networkprinters.txt") do (
if "!Counter!"=="1" (
set "ValueName=%%x"
) else if "!Counter!"=="2" (
set "ValueType=%%x"
) else (
set "ValueData=%%x"
rem Echo the command instead of really executing "reg.exe".
echo reg.exe ADD %KEY_NAME% /v "!ValueName!" /t !ValueType! /d "!ValueData!" /f
set Counter=0
)
set /a Counter+=1
)
rem Delete the text file created for demo example.
del "%TEMP%\Networkprinters.txt"
endlocal
This solution is much easier than what you have tried and can be maybe even more simplified.
I made this code
dir /B /S %RepToRead% > %FileName%
for /F "tokens=*" %%a in ('type %FileName%') do (
set z=%%a
echo %z%
echo %%a
)
echo %%a is working fine but echo %z% returns "echo disabled".
I need to set a %z% because I want to split the variable like %z:~7%
Any ideas?
There are two methods to setting and using variables within for loops and parentheses scope.
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion see setlocal /? for help. This only works on XP/2000 or newer versions of Windows.
then use !variable! instead of %variable% inside the loop...
Create a batch function using batch goto labels :Label.
Example:
for /F "tokens=*" %%a in ('type %FileName%') do call :Foo %%a
goto End
:Foo
set z=%1
echo %z%
echo %1
goto :eof
:End
Batch functions are very useful mechanism.
You probably want SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION. See https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20060823-00/?p=29993 for details.
Basically: Normal %variables% are expanded right aftercmd.exe reads the command. In your case the "command" is the whole
for /F "tokens=*" %%a in ('type %FileName%') do (
set z=%%a
echo %z%
echo %%a
)
loop. At that point z has no value yet, so echo %z% turns into echo. Then the loop is executed and z is set, but its value isn't used anymore.
SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION enables an additional syntax, !variable!. This also expands variables but it only does so right before each (sub-)command is executed.
SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
for /F "tokens=*" %%a in ('type %FileName%') do (
set z=%%a
echo !z!
echo %%a
)
This gives you the current value of z each time the echo runs.
I struggeld for many hours on this.
This is my loop to register command line vars.
Example : Register.bat /param1:value1 /param2:value2
What is does, is loop all the commandline params,
and that set the variable with the proper name to the value.
After that, you can just use
set value=!param1!
set value2=!param2!
regardless the sequence the params are given. (so called named parameters).
Note the !<>!, instead of the %<>%.
SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
FOR %%P IN (%*) DO (
call :processParam %%P
)
goto:End
:processParam [%1 - param]
#echo "processparam : %1"
FOR /F "tokens=1,2 delims=:" %%G IN ("%1") DO (
#echo a,b %%G %%H
set nameWithSlash=%%G
set name=!nameWithSlash:~1!
#echo n=!name!
set value=%%H
set !name!=!value!
)
goto :eof
:End
Simple example of batch code using %var%, !var!, and %%.
In this example code, focus here is that we want to capture a start time using the built in variable TIME (using time because it always changes automatically):
Code:
#echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
SET "SERVICES_LIST=MMS ARSM MMS2"
SET START=%TIME%
SET "LAST_SERVICE="
for %%A in (%SERVICES_LIST%) do (
SET START=!TIME!
CALL :SOME_FUNCTION %%A
SET "LAST_SERVICE=%%A"
ping -n 5 127.0.0.1 > NUL
SET OTHER=!START!
if !OTHER! EQU !START! (
echo !OTHER! is equal to !START! as expected
) ELSE (
echo NOTHING
)
)
ECHO Last service run was %LAST_SERVICE%
:: Function declared like this
:SOME_FUNCTION
echo Running: %1
EXIT /B 0
Comments on code:
Use enabledelayedexpansion
The first three SET lines are typical
uses of the SET command, use this most of the time.
The next line is a for loop, must use %%A for iteration, then %%B if a loop inside it
etc.. You can not use long variable names.
To access a changed variable such as the time variable, you must use !! or set with !! (have enableddelayexpansion enabled).
When looping in for loop each iteration is accessed as the %%A variable.
The code in the for loop is point out the various ways to set a variable. Looking at 'SET OTHER=!START!', if you were to change to SET OTHER=%START% you will see why !! is needed. (hint: you will see NOTHING) output.
In short !! is more likely needed inside of loops, %var% in general, %% always a for loop.
Further reading
Use the following links to determine why in more detail:
Difference between %variable% and !variable! in batch file
Variable usage in batch file
To expand on the answer I came here to get a better understanding so I wrote this that can explain it and helped me too.
It has the setlocal DisableDelayedExpansion in there so you can locally set this as you wish between the setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion and it.
#echo off
title %~nx0
for /f "tokens=*" %%A in ("Some Thing") do (
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
set z=%%A
echo !z! Echoing the assigned variable in setlocal scope.
echo %%A Echoing the variable in local scope.
setlocal DisableDelayedExpansion
echo !z! &rem !z! Neither of these now work, which makes sense.
echo %z% &rem ECHO is off. Neither of these now work, which makes sense.
echo %%A Echoing the variable in its local scope, will always work.
)
set list = a1-2019 a3-2018 a4-2017
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set backup=
set bb1=
for /d %%d in (%list%) do (
set td=%%d
set x=!td!
set y=!td!
set y=!y:~-4!
if !y! gtr !bb1! (
set bb1=!y!
set backup=!x!
)
)
rem: backup will be 2019
echo %backup%
Try this:
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
...
for /F "tokens=*" %%a in ('type %FileName%') do (
set z=%%a
echo !z!
echo %%a
)
You can use a macro if you access a variable outside the scope
#echo off
::Define macro
set "sset=set"
for /l %%a in (1,1,4) do (
::set in loop
%sset% /a "x[%%a]=%%a*%%a"
if %%a equ 4 (
:: set in condition
%sset% "x[%%a]=x Condition"
%sset% "y=y Condition"
)
)
echo x1=%x[1]% x2=%x[2]% x3=%x[3]% x4=%x[4]% y=%y%
:: Bonus. enableDelayedExpansion used to access massive from the loop
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
echo Echo from the loop
for /l %%a in (1,1,4) do (
::echo in one line - echo|set /p =
echo|set /p "=x%%a=!x[%%a]! "
if %%a equ 4 echo y=%y%
)
pause
I know this isn't what's asked but I benefited from this method, when trying to set a variable within a "loop". Uses an array. Alternative implementation option.
SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
...
set Services[0]=SERVICE1
set Services[1]=SERVICE2
set Services[2]=SERVICE3
set "i=0"
:ServicesLoop
if defined Services[%i%] (
set SERVICE=!Services[%i%]!
echo CurrentService: !SERVICE!
set /a "i+=1"
GOTO :ServicesLoop
)
The following should work:
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
for /F "tokens=*" %%a in ('type %FileName%') do (
set "z=%%a"
echo %z%
echo %%a
)