I'm trying to create a stored procedure for updating a table in a batch. I want to take parameters in as a nvarchar and call string_split on them.
#ParamList1 NVARCHAR(max) = '1,2,3,4,5'
#ParamList2 NVARCHAR(max) = 'a,b,c,d,e'
I want to get a temporary table like
Param1 Param2
1 a
2 b
3 c
...
How would I do this?
Unfortunately, string_split() does not guarantee ordering or provide a position argument (Microsoft are you listening?).
So, the safest method is a recursive CTE (or perhaps another approach using XML):
with cte as (
select convert(nvarchar(max), NULL) as x1, convert(nvarchar(max), NULL) as x2, #paramlist1 as rest1, #paramlist2 as rest2, 1 as lev
union all
select convert(nvarchar(max), left(rest1, charindex(',', rest1 + ',') - 1)),
convert(nvarchar(max), left(rest2, charindex(',', rest2 + ',') - 1)),
stuff(rest1, 1, charindex(',', rest1 + ','), ''),
stuff(rest2, 1, charindex(',', rest2 + ','), ''),
lev + 1
from cte
where rest1 <> '' and rest2 <> ''
)
select *
from cte
where x1 is not null;
Here is a db<>fiddle.
You've got an answer already, which is working fine, but this should be faster and easier:
You did not specify your SQL-Server's version, but - talking about STRING_SPLIT() - I assume it's at least v2016. If this is correct, you can use OPENJSON. Your list of numbers needs nothing more than brackets to be a JSON-array ([1,2,3]), while an array of words/letters can be transformed with some easy string operations (["a","b","c"]).
Following the docs, OPENJSON returns the elements position in [key], while the element itself is returned in [value]. You can simply JOIN these sets:
DECLARE #ParamList1 NVARCHAR(max) = '1,2,3,4,5';
DECLARE #ParamList2 NVARCHAR(max) = 'a,b,c,d,e';
SELECT p1.[key] AS FragmentNr
,p1.[value] AS P1
,p2.[value] AS P2
FROM OPENJSON(CONCAT('[',#ParamList1 + ']')) p1
INNER JOIN OPENJSON(CONCAT('["',REPLACE(#ParamList2,',','","'),'"]')) p2 ON p1.[key]=p2.[key] ;
In this answer you will find some details (UPDATE section 1 and 2).
Related
I am trying to reverse string values in a column in SQL Server.
What I am trying to achieve is, when the value of the column is child/parent, I want to change it to parent/child when child contains '112'
For example I want to change columns with value Reports/112-Major to 112-Major/Reports
To start with, I tried to use STRING_SPLIT and append them like String_Split(ColumnName,'/')[1] + String_Split(ColumnName,'/')[0] if String_Split(ColumnName,'/')[1] like '%112%'
Most of the examples that I see online have something like
SELECT Value FROM STRING_SPLIT('Lorem/ipsum/dolor/sit/amet.', '/');
But I want to split and then merge based on condition and then update the column
Something like,
update tblTableName
set siteUrl = String_Split(ColumnName,'/')[1] + String_Split(ColumnName,'/')[0]
where `String_Split(ColumnName,'/')[1] like '%112%'
Is there a way to do this in SQL Server?
You can use this expression:
stuff(col, 1, charindex('/', col), '') + '/' + left(col, charindex('/', col) - 1)
Another option just for fun.
Gordon's solution would be my first choice and is certainly more performant (+1), but the following illustrates a simple technique which can be used to split a string into columns and not rows.
Sample
Declare #YourTable table (ID int,YourCol varchar(100))
Insert Into #YourTable values
(1,'Reports/112-Major'),
(2,'Reports/Something Else')
Update #YourTable Set YourCol = Pos2+'/'+Pos1
From #YourTable A
Cross Apply (
Select Pos1 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[1]','varchar(max)')))
,Pos2 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[2]','varchar(max)')))
From (Select Cast('<x>' + replace((Select replace(A.YourCol,'/','§§Split§§') as [*] For XML Path('')),'§§Split§§','</x><x>')+'</x>' as xml) as xDim) as B1
) B
Where Pos2 Like '%112%'
Updated Results
ID YourCol
1 112-Major/Reports
2 Reports/Something Else
I have a question about SQL Server: I have a database column with a pattern which is like this:
up to 10 digits
then a comma
up to 10 digits
then a semicolon
e.g.
100000161, 100000031; 100000243, 100000021;
100000161, 100000031; 100000243, 100000021;
and I want to extract within the pattern the first digits (up to 10) (1.) and then a semicolon (4.)
(or, in other words, remove everything from the semicolon to the next semicolon)
100000161; 100000243; 100000161; 100000243;
Can you please advice me how to establish this in SQL Server? Im not very familiar with regex and therefore have no clue how to fix this.
Thanks,
Alex
Try this
Declare #Sql Table (SqlCol nvarchar(max))
INSERT INTO #Sql
SELECT'100000161,100000031;100000243,100000021;100000161,100000031;100000243,100000021;'
;WITH cte
AS (SELECT Row_number()
OVER(
ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) AS Rno,
split.a.value('.', 'VARCHAR(1000)') AS Data
FROM (SELECT Cast('<S>'
+ Replace( Replace(sqlcol, ';', ','), ',',
'</S><S>')
+ '</S>'AS XML) AS Data
FROM #Sql)AS A
CROSS apply data.nodes('/S') AS Split(a))
SELECT Stuff((SELECT '; ' + data
FROM cte
WHERE rno%2 <> 0
AND data <> ''
FOR xml path ('')), 1, 2, '') AS ExpectedData
ExpectedData
-------------
100000161; 100000243; 100000161; 100000243
I believe this will get you what you are after as long as that pattern truly holds. If not it's fairly easy to ensure it does conform to that pattern and then apply this
Select Substring(TargetCol, 1, 10) + ';' From TargetTable
You can take advantage of SQL Server's XML support to convert the input string into an XML value and query it with XQuery and XPath expressions.
For example, the following query will replace each ; with </b><a> and each , to </a><b> to turn each string into <a>100000161</a><a>100000243</a><a />. After that, you can select individual <a> nodes with /a[1], /a[2] :
declare #table table (it nvarchar(200))
insert into #table values
('100000161, 100000031; 100000243, 100000021;'),
('100000161, 100000031; 100000243, 100000021;')
select
xCol.value('/a[1]','nvarchar(200)'),
xCol.value('/a[2]','nvarchar(200)')
from (
select convert(xml, '<a>'
+ replace(replace(replace(it,';','</b><a>'),',','</a><b>'),' ','')
+ '</a>')
.query('a') as xCol
from #table) as tmp
-------------------------
A1 A2
100000161 100000243
100000161 100000243
value extracts a single value from an XML field. nodes returns a table of nodes that match the XPath expression. The following query will return all "keys" :
select
a.value('.','nvarchar(200)')
from (
select convert(xml, '<a>'
+ replace(replace(replace(it,';','</b><a>'),',','</a><b>'),' ','')
+ '</a>')
.query('a') as xCol
from #table) as tmp
cross apply xCol.nodes('a') as y(a)
where a.value('.','nvarchar(200)')<>''
------------
100000161
100000243
100000161
100000243
With 200K rows of data though, I'd seriously consider transforming the data when loading it and storing it in indivisual, indexable columns, or add a separate, related table. Applying string manipulation functions on a column means that the server can't use any covering indexes to speed up queries.
If that's not possible (why?) I'd consider at least adding a separate XML-typed column that would contain the same data in XML form, to allow the creation of an XML index.
I have this data in my column:
32-HC-100-10001-G03P2-N-1-1001
The problem is my value doesn't have a fixed length. What I need to do is split this value into 2 columns 32-HC-100-10001-G03P2-N and 1 - the numbers after last - don't important
Another example
4-G-100-10029-F23S-S-2-1001
should be split into 4-G-100-10029-F23S-S and 2. I have used SUBSTRING([Line No#], 0, 21) but because of the length it didn't work.
Try this way
declare #str varchar(100)=reverse('4-G-100-10029-F23S-S-2-1001')
select reverse(substring(#str,charindex('-',#str)+1,len(#str))) as first_col,
left(substring(#str,charindex('-',#str)+1,len(#str)),charindex('-',substring(#str,charindex('-',#str)+1,len(#str)))-1) as second_col
May not be the shortest method but should get the job done
Note : I did not hard-code any length here
As long as the last part(1-1001,2-2002...) have the same number of values,this will work..
declare #string varchar(max)
set #string='32-HC-100-10001-G03P2-N-1-1001'
select replace(#string, right(#string,7),''),substring(right(#string,6),1,1)
Output:
32-HC-100-10001-G03P2-N 1
When doing complex string operations in SQL Server, one method uses outer apply to simplify the calculations:
select t.col, s2.firstpart, s2.secondpart
from t outer apply
(select left(col, len(col) - charindex('-', reverse(col)) as s1
-- remove the last number
) s1 outer apply
(select left(s1, len(s1) - charindex('-', reverse(s1)) as firstpart,
right(s1, charindex('-', reverse(s1)) -1) as secondpart
) s2;
I find the calculations easier to construct, follow, and debug.
You can try this:
DECLARE #string nvarchar(max) = '32-HC-100-10001-G03P2-N-1-1001'
SELECT REVERSE(STUFF(SUBSTRING(REVERSE(#string),CHARINDEX('-',REVERSE(#string))+1,LEN(#string)),1,CHARINDEX('-',SUBSTRING(REVERSE(#string),CHARINDEX('-',REVERSE(#string))+1,LEN(#string))),'')),
REVERSE(LEFT(SUBSTRING(REVERSE(#string),CHARINDEX('-',REVERSE(#string))+1,LEN(#string)),CHARINDEX('-',SUBSTRING(REVERSE(#string),CHARINDEX('-',REVERSE(#string)),LEN(#string)))))
Output:
32-HC-100-10001-G03P2-N 1
If it is always comes as a 7th part you can use XML:
DECLARE #string nvarchar(max) = '32-HC-100-10001-G03P2-N-1-1001',
#xml xml
SELECT #xml = CAST('<d>'+REPLACE(#string,'-','</d><d>') +'</d>' as xml)
SELECT t.v.value('/d[1]','nvarchar(10)') + '-' +
t.v.value('/d[2]','nvarchar(10)') + '-' +
t.v.value('/d[3]','nvarchar(10)') + '-' +
t.v.value('/d[4]','nvarchar(10)') + '-' +
t.v.value('/d[5]','nvarchar(10)') + '-' +
t.v.value('/d[6]','nvarchar(10)'),
t.v.value('/d[7]','nvarchar(10)')
FROM #xml.nodes('/') as t(v)
Output:
32-HC-100-10001-G03P2-N 1
In a SqlServer database I use, the database name is something like StackExchange.Audio.Meta, or StackExchange.Audio or StackOverflow . By sheer luck this is also the url for a website. I only need split it on the dots and reverse it: meta.audio.stackexchange. Adding http:// and .com and I'm done. Obviously Stackoverflow doesn't need any reversing.
Using the SqlServer 2016 string_split function I can easy split and reorder its result:
select value
from string_split(db_name(),'.')
order by row_number() over( order by (select 1)) desc
This gives me
| Value |
-----------------
| Meta |
| Audio |
| StackExchange |
As I need to have the url in a variable I hoped to concatenate it using this answer so my attempt looks like this:
declare #revname nvarchar(150)
select #revname = coalesce(#revname +'.','') + value
from string_split(db_name(),'.')
order by row_number() over( order by (select 1)) desc
However this only returns me the last value, StackExchange. I already noticed the warnings on that answer that this trick only works for certain execution plans as explained here.
The problem seems to be caused by the order by clause. Without that I get all values, but then in the wrong order. I tried to a add ltrimand rtrim function as suggested in the Microsoft article as well as a subquery but so far without luck.
Is there a way I can nudge the Sql Server 2016 Query Engine to concatenate the ordered result from that string_split in a variable?
I do know I can use for XML or even a plain cursor to get the result I need but I don't want to give up this elegant solution yet.
As I'm running this on the Stack Exchange Data Explorer I can't use functions, as we lack the permission to create those. I can do Stored procedures but I hoped I could evade those.
I prepared a SEDE Query to experiment with. The database names to expect are either without dots, aka StackOverflow, with 1 dot: StackOverflow.Meta or 2 dots, `StackExchange.Audio.Meta, the full list of databases is here
I think you are over-complicating things. You could use PARSENAME:
SELECT 'http://' + PARSENAME(db_name(),1) +
ISNULL('.' + PARSENAME(db_name(),2),'') + ISNULL('.'+PARSENAME(db_name(),3),'')
+ '.com'
This is exactly why I have the Presentation Sequence (PS) in my split function. People often scoff at using a UDF for such items, but it is generally a one-time hit to parse something for later consumption.
Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse]('meta.audio.stackexchange','.')
Returns
Key_PS Key_Value
1 meta
2 audio
3 stackexchange
The UDF
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse] (#String varchar(max),#delimeter varchar(10))
--Usage: Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse]('meta.audio.stackexchange','.')
-- Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse]('John Cappelletti was here',' ')
-- Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse]('id26,id46|id658,id967','|')
Returns #ReturnTable Table (Key_PS int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL , Key_Value varchar(max))
As
Begin
Declare #intPos int,#SubStr varchar(max)
Set #IntPos = CharIndex(#delimeter, #String)
Set #String = Replace(#String,#delimeter+#delimeter,#delimeter)
While #IntPos > 0
Begin
Set #SubStr = Substring(#String, 0, #IntPos)
Insert into #ReturnTable (Key_Value) values (#SubStr)
Set #String = Replace(#String, #SubStr + #delimeter, '')
Set #IntPos = CharIndex(#delimeter, #String)
End
Insert into #ReturnTable (Key_Value) values (#String)
Return
End
Probably less elegant solution but it takes only a few lines and works with any number of dots.
;with cte as (--build xml
select 1 num, cast('<str><s>'+replace(db_name(),'.','</s><s>')+'</s></str>' as xml) str
)
,x as (--make table from xml
select row_number() over(order by num) rn, --add numbers to sort later
t.v.value('.[1]','varchar(50)') s
from cte cross apply cte.str.nodes('str/s') t(v)
)
--combine into string
select STUFF((SELECT '.' + s AS [text()]
FROM x
order by rn desc --in reverse order
FOR XML PATH('')
), 1, 1, '' ) name
Is there a way I can nudge the Sql Server 2016 Query Engine to concatenate the ordered result from that string_split in a variable?
You can just use CONCAT:
DECLARE #URL NVARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #URL = CONCAT(value, '.', #URL) FROM STRING_SPLIT(DB_NAME(), '.')
SET #URL = CONCAT('http://', LOWER(#URL), 'com');
The reversal is accomplished by the order of parameters to CONCAT. Here's an example.
It changes StackExchange.Garage.Meta to http://meta.garage.stackexchange.com.
This can be used to split and reverse strings in general, but note that it does leave a trailing delimiter. I'm sure you could add some logic or a COALESCE in there to make that not happen.
Also note that vNext will be adding STRING_AGG.
To answer the 'X' of this XY problem, and to address the HTTPS switch (especially for Meta sites) and some other site name changes, I've written the following SEDE query which outputs all site names in the format used on the network site list.
SELECT name,
LOWER('https://' +
IIF(PATINDEX('%.Mathoverflow%', name) > 0,
IIF(PATINDEX('%.Meta', name) > 0, 'meta.mathoverflow.net', 'mathoverflow.net'),
IIF(PATINDEX('%.Ubuntu%', name) > 0,
IIF(PATINDEX('%.Meta', name) > 0, 'meta.askubuntu.com', 'askubuntu.com'),
IIF(PATINDEX('StackExchange.%', name) > 0,
CASE SUBSTRING(name, 15, 200)
WHEN 'Audio' THEN 'video'
WHEN 'Audio.Meta' THEN 'video.meta'
WHEN 'Beer' THEN 'alcohol'
WHEN 'Beer.Meta' THEN 'alcohol.meta'
WHEN 'CogSci' THEN 'psychology'
WHEN 'CogSci.Meta' THEN 'psychology.meta'
WHEN 'Garage' THEN 'mechanics'
WHEN 'Garage.Meta' THEN 'mechanics.meta'
WHEN 'Health' THEN 'medicalsciences'
WHEN 'Health.Meta' THEN 'medicalsciences.meta'
WHEN 'Moderators' THEN 'communitybuilding'
WHEN 'Moderators.Meta' THEN 'communitybuilding.meta'
WHEN 'Photography' THEN 'photo'
WHEN 'Photography.Meta' THEN 'photo.meta'
WHEN 'Programmers' THEN 'softwareengineering'
WHEN 'Programmers.Meta' THEN 'softwareengineering.meta'
WHEN 'Vegetarian' THEN 'vegetarianism'
WHEN 'Vegetarian.Meta' THEN 'vegetarianism.meta'
WHEN 'Writers' THEN 'writing'
WHEN 'Writers.Meta' THEN 'writing.meta'
ELSE SUBSTRING(name, 15, 200)
END + '.stackexchange.com',
IIF(PATINDEX('StackOverflow.%', name) > 0,
CASE SUBSTRING(name, 15, 200)
WHEN 'Br' THEN 'pt'
WHEN 'Br.Meta' THEN 'pt.meta'
ELSE SUBSTRING(name, 15, 200)
END + '.stackoverflow.com',
IIF(PATINDEX('%.Meta', name) > 0,
'meta.' + SUBSTRING(name, 0, PATINDEX('%.Meta', name)) + '.com',
name + '.com'
)
)
)
)
) + '/'
)
FROM sys.databases WHERE database_id > 5
I have following query which takes 2 parameters.
YearNumber
MonthNumber
In my pivot query, I am trying to select columns based on #Year_Rtl variable. I need to select data for the year passed, last year and last last year. Since the data being displayed on UI is table format divided by #Year_Rtl, I decided to write a pivot query for that as below.
In the query, it works fine if I hard code [#Year_Rtl], [#Year_Rtl - 1], [#Year_Rtl - 2] to [2012], [2011], [2010]. But since the year passed can be anything, I want columns to be named dynamically.
DECLARE #Month_Rtl int
DECLARE #Year_Rtl int
SET #Year_Rtl = 2012
SET #Month_Rtl = 1
SELECT
'Data 1', [#Year_Rtl], [#Year_Rtl - 1], [#Year_Rtl - 2]
FROM
(SELECT [Yr_No], Qty
FROM dbo.Table1 t
WHERE (t.Col1 = 10) AND
(t.Col2 = '673') AND
((t.Mth_No = #Month_Rtl AND t.Yr_No = #Year_Rtl) OR
(t.Mth_No = 12 AND t.Yr_No IN (#Year_Rtl - 1, #Year_Rtl - 2)))
) p PIVOT (SUM(Qty)
FOR [Yr_No] IN ([#Year_Rtl], [#Year_Rtl-1], [#Year_Rtl-2])
) AS pvt
Above query throws following errors:
Error converting data type nvarchar to smallint.
The incorrect value "#Year_Rtl" is supplied in the PIVOT operator.
Invalid column name '#Year_Rtl - 1'.
Invalid column name '#Year_Rtl - 2'.
Since you can use dynamic SQL, I'd go with a macro-replacement approach. You're identifying areas of the query that must be dynamically replaced with placeholders (e.g. $$Year_Rtl) and then calculating their replacement values below. I find that it keeps the SQL statement easy to follow.
DECLARE #SQL NVarChar(2000);
SELECT #SQL = N'
SELECT
''Data 1'', [$$Year_Rtl], [$$Year_RtlM1], [$$Year_RtlM2]
FROM
(SELECT [Yr_No], Qty
FROM dbo.Table1 t
WHERE (t.Col1 = 10) AND
(t.Col2 = ''673'') AND
((t.Mth_No = $$Month_Rtl AND t.Yr_No = $$Year_Rtl) OR
(t.Mth_No = 12 AND t.Yr_No IN ($$Year_RtlM1, $$Year_RtlM2)))
) p PIVOT (SUM(Qty)
FOR [Yr_No] IN ([$$Year_Rtl], [$$Year_RtlM1], [$$Year_RtlM2])
) AS pvt';
SELECT #SQL = REPLACE(#SQL, '$$Year_RtlM2', #Year_Rtl - 2);
SELECT #SQL = REPLACE(#SQL, '$$Year_RtlM1', #Year_Rtl - 1);
SELECT #SQL = REPLACE(#SQL, '$$Year_Rtl', #Year_Rtl);
SELECT #SQL = REPLACE(#SQL, '$$Month_Rtl', #Month_Rtl);
PRINT #SQL;
-- Uncomment the next line to allow the built query to execute...
--EXECUTE sp_ExecuteSQL #SQL;
Since consuming code will also have to be flaky under this scheme (e.g. selecting columns based on "position" rather than name) - why not normalize the columns by performing a DATEDIFF(year,Yr_No,#Year_Rtl), and work from there? Those columns will always be 0, -1 and -2...
You need to look into Dynamic SQL Pivoting.
I recommend reading Itzik Ben-Gan's T-SQL Fundamentals where he goes over how to do this.
Alternatively try this article if you don't want to buy the book.
Maybe this will help:
First getting the columns with a tally function like this:
DECLARE #Month_Rtl int,
#Year_Rtl int,
#Year_Rtl_Start INT,
#cols VARCHAR(MAX),
#values VARCHAR(MAX)
SET #Year_Rtl = 2012
SET #Month_Rtl = 1
SET #Year_Rtl_Start=2009
;WITH Years ( n ) AS (
SELECT #Year_Rtl_Start UNION ALL
SELECT 1 + n FROM Years WHERE n < #Year_Rtl )
SELECT
#cols = COALESCE(#cols + ','+QUOTENAME(n),
QUOTENAME(n)),
#values = COALESCE(#values + ','+CAST(n AS VARCHAR(100)),
CAST(n AS VARCHAR(100)))
FROM
Years
ORDER BY n DESC
The variable #cols contains the columns that is in the pivot and the variable #values contains the years for the IN. The #Year_Rtl is the end year and the #Year_Rtl_Start is the start for you range.
Then declaring and executing the dynamic pivot like this:
DECLARE #query NVARCHAR(4000)=
N'SELECT
''Data 1'', '+#cols+'
FROM
(
SELECT
[Yr_No], Qty
FROM
dbo.Table1 t
WHERE
t.Col1 = 10
AND t.Col2 = ''673''
AND
(
(
t.Mth_No = '+CAST(#Month_Rtl AS VARCHAR(10))+'
AND t.Yr_No = '+CAST(#Year_Rtl AS VARCHAR(10))+'
)
OR
(
t.Mth_No = 12
AND t.Yr_No IN ('+#values+'))
)
) p
PIVOT
(
SUM(Qty)
FOR [Yr_No] IN ('+#cols+')
) AS pvt'
EXECUTE(#query)