Create Hierarchy from Ordered Table - sql-server

Question

I have a table that has parent-child relationship in one column.
I can use a row number that has been added when the file was loaded to sort the table into the correct order.
I would like to get a full hierarchy from the column using the sort order
Sample Data
RowNumber Type Area Name
1 1 Europe Bob
2 2 Scotland Bill
3 3 Edinburgh Dave
4 2 England Sharron
5 3 London Tessa
6 2 Spain Steve
7 2 Portugal Carie
8 1 Asia Helen
9 2 Thailand John
1 2 Japan Frank
11 3 Tokyo Kate
12 3 Osaka Brian
13 1 North America Joe
I would like to be able to say exclude rows where level 1 = Asia.
Happy to use temporary tables or anything to get this working!
Help!

Answer 1

I'm going by a guess on here, but it looks like you're looking for the previous level with a value of type 1 lower. This isn't how traditional hierarchical data is stored, so we need to fix that.
First some consumable Sample Data:
CREATE TABLE dbo.SampleData (RowNumber int,
[Type] int,
Area varchar(30),
[name] varchar(30));
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.SampleData (RowNumber,
[Type],
Area,
[name])
VALUES(1,1,'Europe','Bob'),
(2,2,'Scotland','Bill'),
(3,3,'Edinburgh','Dave'),
(4,2,'England','Sharron'),
(5,3,'London','Tessa'),
(6,2,'Spain','Steve'),
(7,2,'Portugal','Carie'),
(8,1,'Asia','Helen'),
(9,2,'Thailand','John'),
(10,2,'Japan','Frank'),
(11,3,'Tokyo','Kate'),
(12,3,'Osaka','Brian'),
(13,1,'North America','Joe');
GO
Now we need to add a new column for the parent's ID (row number):
ALTER TABLE dbo.SampleData ADD ParentID int;
Then we need to populate that column:
UPDATE SD
SET ParentID = P.RowNumber
FROM dbo.SampleData SD
CROSS APPLY (SELECT TOP 1 ca.RowNumber
FROM dbo.SampleData ca
WHERE ca.[Type] = SD.[Type] - 1
AND ca.RowNumber < SD.RowNumber
ORDER BY ca.RowNumber DESC) P;
Now we can achieve what you're after, such as getting all rows that aren't related to 'Asia' by use of a rCTE (recursive Common Table Expression):
WITH rCTE AS(
SELECT RowNumber,
[Type],
Area,
[name]
FROM dbo.SampleData
WHERE [Type] = 1
AND Area != 'Asia'
UNION ALL
SELECT SD.RowNumber,
SD.Type,
SD.Area,
SD.name
FROM rCTE r
JOIN dbo.SampleData SD ON r.RowNumber = SD.ParentID)
SELECT r.RowNumber,
r.[Type],
r.Area,
r.[name]
FROM rCTE r;

Answer 2

If you have a known or maximum number of levels
Example
Select *
,ID = RowNumber
,Pt = choose( [Type]-1
,max(case when [Type]=1 then RowNumber end) over (Order By RowNumber)
,max(case when [Type]=2 then RowNumber end) over (Order By RowNumber)
,max(case when [Type]=3 then RowNumber end) over (Order By RowNumber)
,max(case when [Type]=4 then RowNumber end) over (Order By RowNumber)
,max(case when [Type]=5 then RowNumber end) over (Order By RowNumber)
)
From YourTable A
Returns