I was trying the useEffect example something like below:
useEffect(async () => {
try {
const response = await fetch(`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`);
const json = await response.json();
setPosts(json.data.children.map(it => it.data));
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
}
}, []);
and I get this warning in my console. But the cleanup is optional for async calls I think. I am not sure why I get this warning. Linking sandbox for examples. https://codesandbox.io/s/24rj871r0p
For React version <=17
I suggest to look at Dan Abramov (one of the React core maintainers) answer here:
I think you're making it more complicated than it needs to be.
function Example() {
const [data, dataSet] = useState<any>(null)
useEffect(() => {
async function fetchMyAPI() {
let response = await fetch('api/data')
response = await response.json()
dataSet(response)
}
fetchMyAPI()
}, [])
return <div>{JSON.stringify(data)}</div>
}
Longer term we'll discourage this pattern because it encourages race conditions. Such as — anything could happen between your call starts and ends, and you could have gotten new props. Instead, we'll recommend Suspense for data fetching which will look more like
const response = MyAPIResource.read();
and no effects. But in the meantime you can move the async stuff to a separate function and call it.
You can read more about experimental suspense here.
If you want to use functions outside with eslint.
function OutsideUsageExample({ userId }) {
const [data, dataSet] = useState<any>(null)
const fetchMyAPI = useCallback(async () => {
let response = await fetch('api/data/' + userId)
response = await response.json()
dataSet(response)
}, [userId]) // if userId changes, useEffect will run again
useEffect(() => {
fetchMyAPI()
}, [fetchMyAPI])
return (
<div>
<div>data: {JSON.stringify(data)}</div>
<div>
<button onClick={fetchMyAPI}>manual fetch</button>
</div>
</div>
)
}
For React version >=18
Starting with React 18 you can also use Suspense, but it's not yet recommended if you are not using frameworks that correctly implement it:
In React 18, you can start using Suspense for data fetching in opinionated frameworks like Relay, Next.js, Hydrogen, or Remix. Ad hoc data fetching with Suspense is technically possible, but still not recommended as a general strategy.
If not part of the framework, you can try some libs that implement it like swr.
Oversimplified example of how suspense works. You need to throw a promise for Suspense to catch it, show fallback component first and render Main component when promise it's resolved.
let fullfilled = false;
let promise;
const fetchData = () => {
if (!fullfilled) {
if (!promise) {
promise = new Promise(async (resolve) => {
const res = await fetch('api/data')
const data = await res.json()
fullfilled = true
resolve(data)
});
}
throw promise
}
};
const Main = () => {
fetchData();
return <div>Loaded</div>;
};
const App = () => (
<Suspense fallback={"Loading..."}>
<Main />
</Suspense>
);
When you use an async function like
async () => {
try {
const response = await fetch(`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`);
const json = await response.json();
setPosts(json.data.children.map(it => it.data));
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
}
}
it returns a promise and useEffect doesn't expect the callback function to return Promise, rather it expects that nothing is returned or a function is returned.
As a workaround for the warning you can use a self invoking async function.
useEffect(() => {
(async function() {
try {
const response = await fetch(
`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`
);
const json = await response.json();
setPosts(json.data.children.map(it => it.data));
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
}
})();
}, []);
or to make it more cleaner you could define a function and then call it
useEffect(() => {
async function fetchData() {
try {
const response = await fetch(
`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`
);
const json = await response.json();
setPosts(json.data.children.map(it => it.data));
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
}
};
fetchData();
}, []);
the second solution will make it easier to read and will help you write code to cancel previous requests if a new one is fired or save the latest request response in state
Working codesandbox
Until React provides a better way, you can create a helper, useEffectAsync.js:
import { useEffect } from 'react';
export default function useEffectAsync(effect, inputs) {
useEffect(() => {
effect();
}, inputs);
}
Now you can pass an async function:
useEffectAsync(async () => {
const items = await fetchSomeItems();
console.log(items);
}, []);
Update
If you choose this approach, note that it's bad form. I resort to this when I know it's safe, but it's always bad form and haphazard.
Suspense for Data Fetching, which is still experimental, will solve some of the cases.
In other cases, you can model the async results as events so that you can add or remove a listener based on the component life cycle.
Or you can model the async results as an Observable so that you can subscribe and unsubscribe based on the component life cycle.
You can also use IIFE format as well to keep things short
function Example() {
const [data, dataSet] = useState<any>(null)
useEffect(() => {
(async () => {
let response = await fetch('api/data')
response = await response.json()
dataSet(response);
})();
}, [])
return <div>{JSON.stringify(data)}</div>
}
void operator could be used here.
Instead of:
React.useEffect(() => {
async function fetchData() {
}
fetchData();
}, []);
or
React.useEffect(() => {
(async function fetchData() {
})()
}, []);
you could write:
React.useEffect(() => {
void async function fetchData() {
}();
}, []);
It is a little bit cleaner and prettier.
Async effects could cause memory leaks so it is important to perform cleanup on component unmount. In case of fetch this could look like this:
function App() {
const [ data, setData ] = React.useState([]);
React.useEffect(() => {
const abortController = new AbortController();
void async function fetchData() {
try {
const url = 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1';
const response = await fetch(url, { signal: abortController.signal });
setData(await response.json());
} catch (error) {
console.log('error', error);
}
}();
return () => {
abortController.abort(); // cancel pending fetch request on component unmount
};
}, []);
return <pre>{JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}</pre>;
}
I read through this question, and feel the best way to implement useEffect is not mentioned in the answers.
Let's say you have a network call, and would like to do something once you have the response.
For the sake of simplicity, let's store the network response in a state variable.
One might want to use action/reducer to update the store with the network response.
const [data, setData] = useState(null);
/* This would be called on initial page load */
useEffect(()=>{
fetch(`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`)
.then(data => {
setData(data);
})
.catch(err => {
/* perform error handling if desired */
});
}, [])
/* This would be called when store/state data is updated */
useEffect(()=>{
if (data) {
setPosts(data.children.map(it => {
/* do what you want */
}));
}
}, [data]);
Reference => https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-effect.html#tip-optimizing-performance-by-skipping-effects
For other readers, the error can come from the fact that there is no brackets wrapping the async function:
Considering the async function initData
async function initData() {
}
This code will lead to your error:
useEffect(() => initData(), []);
But this one, won't:
useEffect(() => { initData(); }, []);
(Notice the brackets around initData()
For fetching from an external API using React Hooks, you should call a function that fetches from the API inside of the useEffect hook.
Like this:
async function fetchData() {
const res = await fetch("https://swapi.co/api/planets/4/");
res
.json()
.then(res => setPosts(res))
.catch(err => setErrors(err));
}
useEffect(() => {
fetchData();
}, []);
I strongly recommend that you do not define your query inside the useEffect Hook, because it will be re-render infinite times. And since you cannot make the useEffect async, you can make the function inside of it to be async.
In the example shown above, the API call is in another separated async function so it makes sure that the call is async and that it only happens once. Also, the useEffect's dependency array (the []) is empty, which means that it will behave just like the componentDidMount from React Class Components, it will only be executed once when the component is mounted.
For the loading text, you can use React's conditional rendering to validate if your posts are null, if they are, render a loading text, else, show the posts. The else will be true when you finish fetching data from the API and the posts are not null.
{posts === null ? <p> Loading... </p>
: posts.map((post) => (
<Link key={post._id} to={`/blog/${post.slug.current}`}>
<img src={post.mainImage.asset.url} alt={post.mainImage.alt} />
<h2>{post.title}</h2>
</Link>
))}
I see you already are using conditional rendering so I recommend you dive more into it, especially for validating if an object is null or not!
I recommend you read the following articles in case you need more information about consuming an API using Hooks.
https://betterprogramming.pub/how-to-fetch-data-from-an-api-with-react-hooks-9e7202b8afcd
https://reactjs.org/docs/conditional-rendering.html
try
const MyFunctionnalComponent: React.FC = props => {
useEffect(() => {
// Using an IIFE
(async function anyNameFunction() {
await loadContent();
})();
}, []);
return <div></div>;
};
Other answers have been given by many examples and are clearly explained, so I will explain them from the point of view of TypeScript type definition.
The useEffect hook TypeScript signature:
function useEffect(effect: EffectCallback, deps?: DependencyList): void;
The type of effect:
// NOTE: callbacks are _only_ allowed to return either void, or a destructor.
type EffectCallback = () => (void | Destructor);
// Destructors are only allowed to return void.
type Destructor = () => void | { [UNDEFINED_VOID_ONLY]: never };
Now we should know why effect can't be an async function.
useEffect(async () => {
//...
}, [])
The async function will return a JS promise with an implicit undefined value. This is not the expectation of useEffect.
Please try this
useEffect(() => {
(async () => {
const products = await api.index()
setFilteredProducts(products)
setProducts(products)
})()
}, [])
To do it properly and avoid errors: "Warning: Can't perform a React state update on an unmounted..."
useEffect(() => {
let mounted = true;
(async () => {
try {
const response = await fetch(`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`);
const json = await response.json();
const newPosts = json.data.children.map(it => it.data);
if (mounted) {
setPosts(newPosts);
}
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
}
})();
return () => {
mounted = false;
};
}, []);
OR External functions and using an object
useEffect(() => {
let status = { mounted: true };
query(status);
return () => {
status.mounted = false;
};
}, []);
const query = async (status: { mounted: boolean }) => {
try {
const response = await fetch(`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`);
const json = await response.json();
const newPosts = json.data.children.map(it => it.data);
if (status.mounted) {
setPosts(newPosts);
}
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
}
};
OR AbortController
useEffect(() => {
const abortController = new AbortController();
(async () => {
try {
const response = await fetch(`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`, { signal: abortController.signal });
const json = await response.json();
const newPosts = json.data.children.map(it => it.data);
setPosts(newPosts);
} catch (e) {
if(!abortController.signal.aborted){
console.error(e);
}
}
})();
return () => {
abortController.abort();
};
}, []);
I know it is late but just I had the same problem and I wanted to share that I solved it with a function like this!
useEffect(() => {
(async () => {
try {
const response = await fetch(`https://www.reddit.com/r/${subreddit}.json`);
const json = await response.json();
setPosts(json.data.children.map(it => it.data));
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
}
}) ()
}, [])
With useAsyncEffect hook provided by a custom library, safely execution of async code and making requests inside effects become trivially since it makes your code auto-cancellable (this is just one thing from the feature list). Check out the Live Demo with JSON fetching
import React from "react";
import { useAsyncEffect } from "use-async-effect2";
import cpFetch from "cp-fetch";
/*
Notice: the related network request will also be aborted
Checkout your network console
*/
function TestComponent(props) {
const [cancel, done, result, err] = useAsyncEffect(
function* () {
const response = yield cpFetch(props.url).timeout(props.timeout);
return yield response.json();
},
{ states: true, deps: [props.url] }
);
return (
<div className="component">
<div className="caption">useAsyncEffect demo:</div>
<div>
{done ? (err ? err.toString() : JSON.stringify(result)) : "loading..."}
</div>
<button className="btn btn-warning" onClick={cancel} disabled={done}>
Cancel async effect
</button>
</div>
);
}
export default TestComponent;
The same demo using axios
Just a note about HOW AWESOME the purescript language handles this problem of stale effects with Aff monad
WITHOUT PURESCRIPT
you have to use AbortController
function App() {
const [ data, setData ] = React.useState([]);
React.useEffect(() => {
const abortController = new AbortController();
void async function fetchData() {
try {
const url = 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1';
const response = await fetch(url, { signal: abortController.signal });
setData(await response.json());
} catch (error) {
console.log('error', error);
}
}();
return () => {
abortController.abort(); // cancel pending fetch request on component unmount
};
}, []);
return <pre>{JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}</pre>;
}
or stale (from NoahZinsmeister/web3-react example)
function Balance() {
const { account, library, chainId } = useWeb3React()
const [balance, setBalance] = React.useState()
React.useEffect((): any => {
if (!!account && !!library) {
let stale = false
library
.getBalance(account)
.then((balance: any) => {
if (!stale) {
setBalance(balance)
}
})
.catch(() => {
if (!stale) {
setBalance(null)
}
})
return () => { // NOTE: will be called every time deps changes
stale = true
setBalance(undefined)
}
}
}, [account, library, chainId]) // ensures refresh if referential identity of library doesn't change across chainIds
...
WITH PURESCRIPT
check how useAff kills it's Aff in the cleanup function
the Aff is implemented as a state machine (without promises)
but what is relevant to us here is that:
the Aff encodes how to stop the Aff - You can put your AbortController here
it will STOP running Effects (not tested) and Affs (it will not run then from the second example, so it will NOT setBalance(balance)) IF the error was thrown TO the fiber OR INSIDE the fiber
Ignore the warning, and use the useEffect hook with an async function like this:
import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
function MyComponent({ objId }) {
const [data, setData] = useState();
useEffect(() => {
if (objId === null || objId === undefined) {
return;
}
async function retrieveObjectData() {
const response = await fetch(`path/to/api/objects/${objId}/`);
const jsonData = response.json();
setData(jsonData);
}
retrieveObjectData();
}, [objId]);
if (objId === null || objId === undefined) {
return (<span>Object ID needs to be set</span>);
}
if (data) {
return (<span>Object ID is {objId}, data is {data}</span>);
}
return (<span>Loading...</span>);
}
The most easy way is to use useAsyncEffect from 'use-async-effect'
You can find it on NPM.
const ProtectedRoute = ({ children }) => {
const [isAuth, setIsAuth] = useState(false);
useAsyncEffect(async () => {
try {
const data = await axios("auth");
console.log(data);
setIsAuth(true);
} catch (error) {
console.log(error);
}
}, []);
if (!isAuth)
return <Navigate to="/signin" />
return children;
}
I am receiving this warning "React Hook React.useEffect has missing dependencies: 'fetchData' and 'source'. Either include them or remove the dependency array react-hooks/exhaustive-deps". This is my function:
function EmployeesPage(props: any) {
const companyId = props.match.params.id;
const source = axios.CancelToken.source();
const fetchData = async () => {
try {
const response = await axios.get<IEmployees[]>(`${process.env.PUBLIC_URL}/api/company/${companyId}/employees`, {
cancelToken: source.token
});
setEmployees(response.data);
setLoading(true);
} catch (error) {
if (axios.isCancel(error)) {
} else {
throw error;
}
}
}
const deleteEmployee = async (EmployeeId: any) => {
const response = await axios.delete(`${process.env.PUBLIC_URL}/api/company/${companyId}/employees/${employeeId}`);
if (response) await fetchData();
}
React.useEffect(() => {
fetchData()
return () => {
source.cancel();
};
}, [])
I tried to fix this by putting fetchData inside of the useEffect and moving the deleteEmployee out, but this causes my endpoint to be called in an infinite loop. Then I tried the useCallback function and also created an infinite loop.
const fetchData = useCallback(async () => {
try {
const response = await axios.get<IEmployees[]>(`${process.env.PUBLIC_URL}/api/company/${companyId}/employees`, {
cancelToken: source.token
});
setEmployees(response.data);
setLoading(true);
} catch (error) {
if (axios.isCancel(error)) {
} else {
throw error;
}
}
}, [source, CompanyId]);
React.useEffect(() => {
fetchData()
return () => {
source.cancel();
};
}, [fetchData, source])
const deleteEmployee = async (EmployeeId: any) => {
await axios.delete(`${process.env.PUBLIC_URL}/api/company/${companyId}/employees/${employeeId}`);
}
It is my understanding that the only thing that should be going in the dependency array would be something that is going to change. I think my dependency array should be empty because I don't want anything to change. It is going to be the same data being returned each time unless a new employee is added. I'm not sure how to fix this to get the warning message to go away. I have see that there is a way to disable the warning but I am not sure I should do that.
The effect runs in an infinite loop since the source object changes in every render. Move it inside the effect. And move the fetchData function inside the effect as well since it needs access to source.
You should add companyId to the dependencies array to make sure the data is refetched when companyId changes. The setEmployees and setLoading references don't change so it is safe to add them - they won't cause the effects to re-run.
React.useEffect(() => {
const source = axios.CancelToken.source()
const fetchData = async () => {
//...
}
fetchData()
return () => {
source.cancel()
}
}, [companyId, setEmployees, setLoading])
I would recommend reading this to understand if it is safe to omit functions from the dependencies array.
You could declare both fetchData and source inside the useEffect, since it does not use anything besides setState functions. This way, fetchData won't be declared over and over on each re-render.
useEffect(() => {
const source = axios.CancelToken.source();
const fetchData = async () => {
...
};
fetchData();
return () => {
source.cancel();
};
}, [setEmployee, setLoading]);
I was going through the article https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-hooks-fetch-data.
It gives the below 2 snippets to demonstrate how to deal with promises in useEffect. The first one throws an error while to second one doesnt.
first snippet -
useEffect(async () => {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
);
setData(result.data);
}, []);
second snippet -
useEffect(() => {
const fetchData = async () => {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
);
setData(result.data);
};
fetchData();
}, []);
Why does the second not throw an error, when fetchdata() is called it will return a promise, and thus a promise will be returned from useEffect too. How is the second snippet different from the first one ?
You can only return nothing or a cleanup function for useEffect hook.
The reason the first snippet is throwing an error is because you marked the function async and the functions that are marked async will always return a promise.
//The function is marked async
useEffect(async () => {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
);
setData(result.data);
}, []);
It breaks the rule of returning either nothing or a cleanup function.
However In the second snippet, you are using useEffect function to call an async function, but since the useEffect function itself is not async, that means it is not returning a promise
//this is not marked async
useEffect(() => {
const fetchData = async () => {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
);
setData(result.data);
};
fetchData();
}, []);
From what l know you cant use promise directly on React Hook. You can use it inside in function and it will work. Hooks are there so that you do not need to use classes in React.
More about Hooks => https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-overview.html
I'm running an async operation with a callback (ipfs in this case, but it probably doesn't matter), and I'm trying to set state using hooks within that callback. But the code isn't operating...do I need to use useEffect here maybe?
await ipfs.add(buffer, (err, ipfsHash) => {
setIpfsHash(ipfsHash);
console.log("in ipfs - ipfshash", ipfsHash);
});
setIpfsHash is blocking the inner code. The console.log does not run
The way you're handling your ipfs.add function with async/await is incorrect. But yes, you'd want to use React.useEffect in this situation.
If you want to use async/await, you need to create a new promise. In your example, ifps.add(buffer, callback) looks it's taking a callback as an argument, so this won't work.
Instead, turn it into a promise:
function add(buffer) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const ipfs = ...
ipfs.add(buffer, (error, ipfsHash) => {
if (error) {
reject(error)
return
}
resolve(ipfsHash)
})
})
}
Then, you can use async/await in your React.useEffect like in the following example:
function App() {
const [buffer, setBuffer] = React.useState(null)
const [ipfsHash, setIpfsHash] = React.useState(null)
React.useEffect(() => {
async function doWork() {
try {
const result = await add(buffer)
setIpfsHash(result)
} catch (error) {
// handle error
}
}
doWork()
}, [buffer])
return (
<div>
...
</div>
)
}
Make sure to specify a dependency array for your useEffect hook so that it only runs when it needs to:
React.useEffect(() => {
// ...
}, [buffer])
I know two ways to use asynchronous functions in useEffect. I read somewhere that the first way is wrong. Which way do you think is better?
first method
async function fetchData() {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=react',
);
setData(result.data);
}
useEffect(() => {
fetchData();
}, [miliko]);
second method
useEffect(() => {
async function fetchData() {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=react',
);
setData(result.data);
}
fetchData();
}, [miliko]);
Both solutions are correct and will work as long as the data that fetchData uses is within its lexical scope
The only difference in the two approaches is that a new reference for fetchData will be created on every render in the first case, whereas in the second case a new reference will be create only on initial render and when miliko changes
To keep the relevant code together, you can go ahead with the second approach which will it easier for you to cancel the previous request if a new request is made so that you don't see inconsistencies
useEffect(() => {
const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
const source = CancelToken.source();
async function fetchData() {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=react', {
cancelToken: source.token
}
);
setData(result.data);
}
fetchData();
return () => {
source.cancel('Effect cleared');
}
}, [miliko]);