I am new to React hooks. So, I wanted to implement componentWillReceiveProps with React hooks.
I used React.useEffect() like so:
React.useEffect(() => {
console.log(props.authLoginSuccess); // initially called every time, the component renders
}, [props.authLoginSuccess]);
return ( //JSX...)
onst mapStateToProps = (state: any): StateProps => {
return {
authLoginSuccess: selectAuthLoginSuccess(state) //used selector to select authLoginSuccess
};
};
export default connect(
mapStateToProps,
// mapDispatchToProps
{ authLogin, toggleLoadingStatus }
)(Auth);
The problem is, useEffect is called each time the component renders initially, which I don't want. I only want it to render, when "props.authLoginSuccess" changes.
Since you want the effect to not run on initial render, you can do that by making use of useRef
const initialRender = useRef(true);
React.useEffect(() => {
if(initialRender.current) {
initialRender.current = false;
} else {
console.log(props.authLoginSuccess); // initially called every time, the component renders
}
}, [props.authLoginSuccess]);
Wrap it in an if condition like this:
React.useEffect(() => {
if (props.authLoginSuccess) {
console.log(props.authLoginSuccess);
}
}, [props.authLoginSuccess]);
Note that the effect will still run though - both initially and every time props.authLoginSuccess changes (which is okay!).
The if block will prevent running console.log(props.authLoginSuccess) when props.authLoginSuccess is falsy. So if you don't want it running initially i.e. when component mounts, just make sure that props.authLoginSuccess is false initially.
You could add another state that would monitor whether or not the component has been mounted.
const [isMounted, setIsMounted] = React.useState(false);
React.useEffect(() => {
if (isMounted) {
console.log(props.authLoginSuccess);
} else {
setIsMounted(true);
}
}, [props.authLoginSuccess]);
That way, it will only execute when the component has been mounted.
Related
My goal is to set up a game loop but a simple test isn't working as expected. In the following component, I am trying the useEffect hook to increment food. I expect to see "Food: 1". Instead I see "Food: 0". When I inspect the component with the dev tools, I can see that food is 2. I've discovered that the component mounts, increments food, unmounts, mounts again and increments food once more.
I have two questions:
Can I do something about the double mount? (like prevent it or wait until the final mount with a nested component perhaps?)
Why does the displayed food count still equal zero? Is it because game inside <span>Food: {game.food}</span> still refers to the initial instance? If so, how do I get the latest instance?
Component:
import React from "react";
class Game {
food = 0;
}
export default function App() {
const [game, setGame] = React.useState(new Game());
React.useEffect(() => {
setGame((game) => {
game.food += 1;
return game;
});
});
return <span>Food: {game.food}</span>;
}
Don't Mutate State Objects
React uses reference comparisons and expects the reference of the root state object to change if any data within it has changed.
For Example:
// DON'T
setGame((game) => {
// mutate and return same object
game.food += 1;
return game;
});
// DO
setGame((current) => {
// create new object with updated food value
return {
...current,
food: current.food + 1
};
});
Using the same reference will cause components to not update as expected.
useEffect Dependency Array
A useEffect without a dependency array will trigger every time the component renders.
If you wish for the useEffect to only trigger on mount provide an empty dependency array.
For Example:
// Every Render
useEffect(() => {
alert('I trigger every render');
});
// On Mount
useEffect(() => {
alert('I trigger on mount');
}, []);
// Everytime the reference for game changes
useEffect(() => {
alert('I trigger everytime the game state is update');
}, [game]);
Conclusion
"Mount twice" probably you are using react 18 and have strict mode enabled. It will trigger useEffect twice in dev mode from docs
If you want to update the view, you should make the reference of the game variable changes (instead of changing its attrs).
Solution
const initialGame = {
food: 0
}
export default function App() {
const [game, setGame] = React.useState(initialGame);
React.useEffect(() => {
setGame((game) => {
game.food += 1;
return {...game};
});
}, []);
return <span>Food: {game.food}</span>;
}
No you should not useEffect as a loop, its execution depends on your component states and its parent component, so this leaves 3 solutions 1st while loop, 2nd requestAnimationFrame and 3rd setInterval. while loop is discouraged because it will block event loop and canceling/stopping can be tedious.
double mount ? i think its react double checking function, which does this only dev mode. Once you switch to requestAnimationFrame you won't be having that issue.
use tried mutate state and react doesn't recognizes this so it doesn't re render. solution: return new object.
updating states
useEffect(() => {
setGame((current) => {
const newState = { ...current, food: current.food + 1 }
return newState
})
}, [])
using setInterval to act as loop
useEffect(() => {
const id = setInterval(() => setCount((count) => count + 1), 1000)
return () => clearInterval(id)
}, [])
using requestAnimationFrame to act as loop
// credit: https://css-tricks.com/using-requestanimationframe-with-react-hooks/
const requestRef = React.useRef()
const animate = (time) => {
setCount((count) => count + 1)
requestRef.current = requestAnimationFrame(animate)
}
useEffect(() => {
requestRef.current = requestAnimationFrame(animate)
return () => cancelAnimationFrame(requestRef.current)
}, []) // Make sure the effect runs only once
I am using React with typescript and I want to convert my class component to a functional component, but my class component has two different componentDidMount and comonentDidUpdate behaviors:
componentDidMount() {
this.props.turnResetOff();
}
componentDidUpdate() {
if (this.props.resetForm) {
this.resetChangeForm();
this.props.turnResetOff();
}
}
I just want my form to reset every time it loads except the first time, because I have a menu drop-down that allows clearing the form but I want the data to not reset on mount.
I tried using this: componentDidMount equivalent on a React function/Hooks component?
const turnResetOff = props.turnResetOff;// a function
const resetForm = props.resetForm;
const setPersonId = props.setPersonId;// a function
useEffect(() => {
turnResetOff();
}, [turnResetOff]);
useEffect(() => {
const resetChangeForm = () => {/*definition*/};
if (resetForm) {
resetChangeForm();
turnResetOff();
}
}, [resetForm, turnResetOff, setPersonId]);
However, this causes an infinite re-render. Even if I useCallback for turnResetOff:
turnResetOff={useCallback(() => {
if (shouldReset) {
setShouldReset(false);
}
}, [shouldReset])}
I also tried using useRef to count the number of times this has been rendered, with the same result (infinite rerender - this is a simplified version even).
const [shouldReset, setShouldReset] = useState<boolean>(false);
const mountedTrackerRef = useRef(false);
useEffect(() => {
if (mountedTrackerRef.current === false) {
console.log("mounted now!");
mountedTrackerRef.current = true;
// props.turnResetOff();
setShouldReset(false);
} else {
console.log("mounted already... updating");
// if (props.resetForm) {
if (shouldReset) {
// resetChangeForm();
// props.turnResetOff();
setShouldReset(false);
}
}
}, [mountedTrackerRef, shouldReset]);
When you call useEffect() you can return a clean-up function. That cleanup function gets called when the component is unmounted. So, perhaps what you want to do is this: when you are called with turnResetOff then call it, and return a function that calls turnResetOff. The return function will be called when the component unmounts, so next time the component mounts it won't reset.
Something to along these lines:
useEffect(
() => {
turnResetOff()
return () => {setShouldReset(false)}
}
,[turnResetOff, setShouldReset])
Using the logic you have in the class component, the fellowing should give you identical behavior in a functional component
const turnResetOff = props.turnResetOff;// a function
const resetForm = props.resetForm;
const setPersonId = props.setPersonId;// a function
// useEffect with an empty dependency array is identical to ComponentDidMount event
useEffect(() => {
turnResetOff();
}, []);
// Just need resetForm as dependency since only resetForm was checked in the componentDidUpdate
useEffect(() => {
const resetChangeForm = () => {/*definition*/};
if (resetForm) {
resetChangeForm();
turnResetOff();
}
}, [resetForm]);
When I add const serverTime = useSelector(state => state.serverTime);, when I click once, dispatch occurs multiple times. But this problem disappears when I remove the const serverTime = useSelector(state => state.serverTime); code. What would be the reason? What am I doing wrong?
Component.js
import { useSelector, useDispatch } from "react-redux";
const Buy = () => {
const dispatch = useDispatch();
const serverTime = useSelector(state => state.serverTime);
document.body.addEventListener("click", function() {
dispatch(SERVER_TIME(Date.now()))
})
return (
<main>
...
</main>
)
}
Action.js
export const SERVER_TIME = (serverTime) => ({
type: "SERVER_TIME",
serverTime: serverTime
})
Reducer.js
let initialState = {
serverTime: ""
}
const serverTime = (state = initialState, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case "SERVER_TIME":
return {
...state,
serverTime: action.serverTime
}
default:
return state
}
}
export default serverTime;
The problem is not really the serverTime, although that is triggering the problem. The real problem is how you are setting up your event listener.
In your Buy component, you are adding an event listener every time the component is updated rather than just once. As a result, whenever state changes (like whenever you update the server time), react will add another event listener. To only add one event listener, you should wrap it in useEffect inside of your Buy component.
The first argument to useEffect is a function to run on first render, and the second argument is an array of dependencies that will trigger reruns of that function when those dependencies change. In your case, since you only want this to run once, you can use an empty array so that nothing will trigger a rerun.
The function argument in useEffect can also return a function, which will be used to "clean up" when your component is unmounted. This is useful for unsubscribing to event listeners. So for example:
useEffect( () => {
// Define what should happen on click.
function onClickStuff(){
dispatch(SERVER_TIME(Date.now()))
}
// Add the event listener to the document.
document.body.addEventListener("click", onClickStuff)
return () => {
// Remove the event listener on unmount.
document.body.removeEventListner("click", onClickStuff)
}
}, [] /* No dependencies, so useEffect will only run once. */ )
I'm using a componentDidUpdate function
componentDidUpdate(prevProps){
if(prevProps.value !== this.props.users){
ipcRenderer.send('userList:store',this.props.users);
}
to this
const users = useSelector(state => state.reddit.users)
useEffect(() => {
console.log('users changed')
console.log({users})
}, [users]);
but it I get the message 'users changed' when I start the app. But the user state HAS NOT changed at all
Yep, that's how useEffect works. It runs after every render by default. If you supply an array as a second parameter, it will run on the first render, but then skip subsequent renders if the specified values have not changed. There is no built in way to skip the first render, since that's a pretty rare case.
If you need the code to have no effect on the very first render, you're going to need to do some extra work. You can use useRef to create a mutable variable, and change it to indicate once the first render is complete. For example:
const isFirstRender = useRef(true);
const users = useSelector(state => state.reddit.users);
useEffect(() => {
if (isFirstRender.current) {
isFirstRender.current = false;
} else {
console.log('users changed')
console.log({users})
}
}, [users]);
If you find yourself doing this a lot, you could create a custom hook so you can reuse it easier. Something like this:
const useUpdateEffect = (callback, dependencies) => {
const isFirstRender = useRef(true);
useEffect(() => {
if (isFirstRender.current) {
isFirstRender.current = false;
} else {
return callback();
}
}, dependencies);
}
// to be used like:
const users = useSelector(state => state.reddit.users);
useUpdateEffect(() => {
console.log('users changed')
console.log({users})
}, [users]);
If you’re familiar with React class lifecycle methods, you can think
of useEffect Hook as componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, and
componentWillUnmount combined.
As from: Using the Effect Hook
This, it will be invoked as the component is painted in your DOM, which is likely to be closer to componentDidMount.
With React's new Effect Hooks, I can tell React to skip applying an effect if certain values haven't changed between re-renders - Example from React's docs:
useEffect(() => {
document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`;
}, [count]); // Only re-run the effect if count changes
But the example above applies the effect upon initial render, and upon subsequent re-renders where count has changed. How can I tell React to skip the effect on the initial render?
As the guide states,
The Effect Hook, useEffect, adds the ability to perform side effects from a function component. It serves the same purpose as componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, and componentWillUnmount in React classes, but unified into a single API.
In this example from the guide it's expected that count is 0 only on initial render:
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
So it will work as componentDidUpdate with additional check:
useEffect(() => {
if (count)
document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`;
}, [count]);
This is basically how custom hook that can be used instead of useEffect may work:
function useDidUpdateEffect(fn, inputs) {
const didMountRef = useRef(false);
useEffect(() => {
if (didMountRef.current) {
return fn();
}
didMountRef.current = true;
}, inputs);
}
Credits go to #Tholle for suggesting useRef instead of setState.
Here's a custom hook that just provides a boolean flag to indicate whether the current render is the first render (when the component was mounted). It's about the same as some of the other answers but you can use the flag in a useEffect or the render function or anywhere else in the component you want. Maybe someone can propose a better name.
import { useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
export const useIsMount = () => {
const isMountRef = useRef(true);
useEffect(() => {
isMountRef.current = false;
}, []);
return isMountRef.current;
};
You can use it like:
import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
import { useIsMount } from './useIsMount';
const MyComponent = () => {
const isMount = useIsMount();
useEffect(() => {
if (isMount) {
console.log('First Render');
} else {
console.log('Subsequent Render');
}
});
return isMount ? <p>First Render</p> : <p>Subsequent Render</p>;
};
And here's a test for it if you're interested:
import { renderHook } from '#testing-library/react-hooks';
import { useIsMount } from '../useIsMount';
describe('useIsMount', () => {
it('should be true on first render and false after', () => {
const { result, rerender } = renderHook(() => useIsMount());
expect(result.current).toEqual(true);
rerender();
expect(result.current).toEqual(false);
rerender();
expect(result.current).toEqual(false);
});
});
Our use case was to hide animated elements if the initial props indicate they should be hidden. On later renders if the props changed, we did want the elements to animate out.
I found a solution that is more simple and has no need to use another hook, but it has drawbacks.
useEffect(() => {
// skip initial render
return () => {
// do something with dependency
}
}, [dependency])
This is just an example that there are others ways of doing it if your case is very simple.
The drawback of doing this is that you can't have a cleanup effect and will only execute when the dependency array changes the second time.
This isn't recommended to use and you should use what the other answers are saying, but I only added this here so people know that there is more than one way of doing this.
Edit:
Just to make it more clear, you shouldn't use this approach to solving the problem in the question (skipping the initial render), this is only for teaching purpose that shows you can do the same thing in different ways.
If you need to skip the initial render, please use the approach on other answers.
I use a regular state variable instead of a ref.
// Initializing didMount as false
const [didMount, setDidMount] = useState(false)
// Setting didMount to true upon mounting
useEffect(() => { setDidMount(true) }, [])
// Now that we have a variable that tells us wether or not the component has
// mounted we can change the behavior of the other effect based on that
const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
useEffect(() => {
if (didMount) document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`
}, [count])
We can refactor the didMount logic as a custom hook like this.
function useDidMount() {
const [didMount, setDidMount] = useState(false)
useEffect(() => { setDidMount(true) }, [])
return didMount
}
Finally, we can use it in our component like this.
const didMount = useDidMount()
const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
useEffect(() => {
if (didMount) document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`
}, [count])
UPDATE Using useRef hook to avoid the extra rerender (Thanks to #TomEsterez for the suggestion)
This time our custom hook returns a function returning our ref's current value. U can use the ref directly too, but I like this better.
function useDidMount() {
const mountRef = useRef(false);
useEffect(() => { mountRef.current = true }, []);
return () => mountRef.current;
}
Usage
const MyComponent = () => {
const didMount = useDidMount();
useEffect(() => {
if (didMount()) // do something
else // do something else
})
return (
<div>something</div>
);
}
On a side note, I've never had to use this hook and there are probably better ways to handle this which would be more aligned with the React programming model.
Let me introduce to you react-use.
npm install react-use
Wanna run:
only after first render? -------> useUpdateEffect
only once? -------> useEffectOnce
check is it first mount? -------> useFirstMountState
Want to run effect with deep compare, shallow compare or throttle? and much more here.
Don't want to install a library? Check the code & copy. (maybe a star for the good folks there too)
Best thing is one less thing for you to maintain.
A TypeScript and CRA friendly hook, replace it with useEffect, this hook works like useEffect but won't be triggered while the first render happens.
import * as React from 'react'
export const useLazyEffect:typeof React.useEffect = (cb, dep) => {
const initializeRef = React.useRef<boolean>(false)
React.useEffect((...args) => {
if (initializeRef.current) {
cb(...args)
} else {
initializeRef.current = true
}
// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
}, dep)
}
Here is my implementation based on Estus Flask's answer written in Typescript. It also supports cleanup callback.
import { DependencyList, EffectCallback, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
export function useDidUpdateEffect(
effect: EffectCallback,
deps?: DependencyList
) {
// a flag to check if the component did mount (first render's passed)
// it's unrelated to the rendering process so we don't useState here
const didMountRef = useRef(false);
// effect callback runs when the dependency array changes, it also runs
// after the component mounted for the first time.
useEffect(() => {
// if so, mark the component as mounted and skip the first effect call
if (!didMountRef.current) {
didMountRef.current = true;
} else {
// subsequent useEffect callback invocations will execute the effect as normal
return effect();
}
}, deps);
}
Live Demo
The live demo below demonstrates the different between useEffect and useDidUpdateEffect hooks
I was going to comment on the currently accepted answer, but ran out of space!
Firstly, it's important to move away from thinking in terms of lifecycle events when using functional components. Think in terms of prop/state changes. I had a similar situation where I only wanted a particular useEffect function to fire when a particular prop (parentValue in my case) changes from its initial state. So, I created a ref that was based on its initial value:
const parentValueRef = useRef(parentValue);
and then included the following at the start of the useEffect fn:
if (parentValue === parentValueRef.current) return;
parentValueRef.current = parentValue;
(Basically, don't run the effect if parentValue hasn't changed. Update the ref if it has changed, ready for the next check, and continue to run the effect)
So, although other solutions suggested will solve the particular use-case you've provided, it will help in the long run to change how you think in relation to functional components.
Think of them as primarily rendering a component based on some props.
If you genuinely need some local state, then useState will provide that, but don't assume your problem will be solved by storing local state.
If you have some code that will alter your props during a render, this 'side-effect' needs to be wrapped in a useEffect, but the purpose of this is to have a clean render that isn't affected by something changing as it's rendering. The useEffect hook will be run after the render has completed and, as you've pointed out, it's run with every render - unless the second parameter is used to supply a list of props/states to identify what changed items will cause it to be run subsequent times.
Good luck on your journey to Functional Components / Hooks! Sometimes it's necessary to unlearn something to get to grips with a new way of doing things :)
This is an excellent primer: https://overreacted.io/a-complete-guide-to-useeffect/
Below solution is similar to above, just a little cleaner way i prefer.
const [isMount, setIsMount] = useState(true);
useEffect(()=>{
if(isMount){
setIsMount(false);
return;
}
//Do anything here for 2nd render onwards
}, [args])
You can use custom hook to run use effect after mount.
const useEffectAfterMount = (cb, dependencies) => {
const mounted = useRef(true);
useEffect(() => {
if (!mounted.current) {
return cb();
}
mounted.current = false;
}, dependencies); // eslint-disable-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
};
Here is the typescript version:
const useEffectAfterMount = (cb: EffectCallback, dependencies: DependencyList | undefined) => {
const mounted = useRef(true);
useEffect(() => {
if (!mounted.current) {
return cb();
}
mounted.current = false;
}, dependencies); // eslint-disable-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
};
Example:
useEffectAfterMount(() => {
document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`;
}, [count])