SQL Server: OPENQUERY in easy words (with example) - sql-server

Question

I am pretty new to SQL Server, and I have stumbled upon this right here:
BEGIN TRANSACTION loadTTAllocations
INSERT INTO #ttaAllocs
SELECT
company_code AS CompanyId,
job_number AS JobNo,
...
is_blocked AS IsBlocked
FROM
OPENQUERY([SRV_TimeTac],
'SELECT DISTINCT
job.individual_value_1 AS job_number,
job.individual_value_3 AS company_code,
...
now() AS queryTimeStamp
FROM
pm_altran.pm_tasks_subprojects AS taskCode
INNER JOIN
pm_altran.pm_tasks_subprojects AS job
ON job.id = taskCode.mother_id
AND job.is_done = 0
AND NOT job.is_blocked
INNER JOIN
pm_node_to_user AS n2u
ON n2u.node_id = taskCode.id
AND n2u.access = 1
AND n2u.is_todo = 1
LEFT JOIN
altran_pm_user_user_settings AS u
ON u.administrators_id = n2u.user_id
WHERE
taskCode.object_type = ''task''
AND taskCode.is_paid_non_working = 0
AND taskCode.id > 50');
SET #rowCount = ##ROWCOUNT
SET #eventDetails = 'End loadTTAllocations: ' + CAST(#rowCount as VARCHAR(10)) + ' rows affected';
COMMIT TRANSACTION loadTTAllocations
The issue is the OPENQUERY.
What I understand from the docs is basically, that it is a query just on another server. In this case the SRV_TimeTac?
So in this example, we are querying on another server called "SRV_TimeTac" and returning results to be loaded finally into the temp table called #ttaAllocs.
Is this correct?
Thank you for your help.

Answer 1

OPENQUERY (Transact-SQL):
Executes the specified pass-through query on the specified linked
server. This server is an OLE DB data source. OPENQUERY can be
referenced in the FROM clause of a query as if it were a table name.
OPENQUERY can also be referenced as the target table of an INSERT,
UPDATE, or DELETE statement. This is subject to the capabilities of
the OLE DB provider. Although the query may return multiple result
sets, OPENQUERY returns only the first one.
Arguments
linked_server
Is an identifier representing the name of the linked server.
' query '
Is the query string executed in the linked server. The maximum length of the string is 8 KB.
So, to answer your question, yes, that is what your query is doing. The value of linked_server in your case is SRV_TimeTac and the value of ' query ' is your long literal string. The value of ' query ' is run on the linked server and the result set returned to the server you ran OPENQUERY on. That result set is then inserted into the variable #ttaAllocs.
You interestingly then COMMIT the transaction you started before the INSERT, which seems odd considering you only inserted the value into a variable and didn't effect any persisted objects. The Table Variable may well have ended up being written to disc, rather than stored in Memory, if it got large enough but then you'd very likely be committing the transaction to tempdb.