I am learning CUDD package for research purposes. I have got one sample code from which I have tried to learn the basic functionalities. But I am getting error during compilation.
I have already set the paths for the header.
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "cudd.h"
#include "util.h"
void print_dd(DdManager *gbm, DdNode *dd, int n, int pr)
{
printf("Ddmanager nodes : %ld \n",Cudd_ReadNodeCount(gbm));
printf("Ddmanager vars : %d \n",Cudd_ReadSize(gbm));
printf("Ddmanager reorderings :%d\n",Cudd_ReadReorderings(gbm));
printf("DdManager memory % ld",Cudd_ReadMemoryInUse(gbm));
Cudd_PrintDebug(gbm,dd,n,pr);
}
void write_dd(DdManager *gbm, DdNode *dd, char * filename)
{
FILE *outfile;
outfile=fopen(filename,"w");
DdNode **ddnodearray=(DdNode **)malloc(sizeof(DdNode*));
ddnodearray[0]=dd;
Cudd_DumpDot(gbm,1,ddnodearray,NULL,NULL,outfile);
free(ddnodearray);
fclose(outfile);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
DdManager *gbm;
char filename[30];
gbm=Cudd_Init(0,0,CUDD_UNIQUE_SLOTS,CUDD_CACHE_SLOTS,0);
DdNode *bdd=Cudd_bddNewVar(gbm);
Cudd_Ref(bdd);
bdd=Cudd_BddToAdd(gbm,bdd);
print_dd(gbm,bdd,2,4);
sprintf(filename,"./bdd/graph.dot");
write_dd(gbm,bdd,filename);
Cudd_Quit(gbm);
return 0;
}
I am getting some error during compilation.
gcc -I /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0 -I /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/util -I /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd transfer1.c /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a -o transfer1
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddAPI.o): In function `Cudd_ExpectedUsedSlots':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAPI.c:1835: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAPI.c:1844: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAPI.c:1850: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddCache.o): In function `cuddCacheProfile':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddCache.c:816: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddUtil.o): In function `Cudd_CountMinterm':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddUtil.o): In function `Cudd_LdblCountMinterm':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:729: undefined reference to `powl'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddUtil.o): In function `Cudd_CountMinterm':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-epd.o): In function `EpdNormalizeDecimal':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/epd/epd.c:834: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/epd/epd.c:834: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-epd.o):/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/epd/epd.c:452: more undefined references to `pow' follow
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddAnneal.o): In function `siftBackwardProb':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:671: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:671: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddAnneal.o): In function `cuddAnnealing':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:229: undefined reference to `log'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:229: undefined reference to `log'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddAnneal.o): In function `siftBackwardProb':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:671: undefined reference to `exp'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I have tried to statically link the libraries but the there is a problem. How can I fix it?
You compiled cudd and generated a static library. Now you need to link with it:
gcc .. <other options> ... transfer1.c /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a -o transfer1
Note that the order of files matter.
I can guess that for C++ support you have to link with cplusplus/.libs/libobj.a and for dddmp support you need symbols exported in dddmp/.libs/libdddmp.a.
After using the above solution, if the error still persists,
For me, I have not made the folder named 'bdd' in the proper location for the code line:
sprintf(filename, "./bdd/graph.dot");
Now, it is executing for me.
Related
I am trying to compile this C file to test if OpenCV will work correctly so I can do the OpenCV lab in Head First C book
#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
cvNamedWindow("detector", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
CvCapture* capture = cvCreateCameraCapture(0);
IplImage* frame;
while(1)
{
frame = cvQueryFrame(capture);
if (frame == NULL)
{
printf("error: frame is null\n\n");
break;
}
cvShowImage("detector", frame);
char c = cvWaitKey(50);
if (c == 27)
break;
}
cvReleaseCapture(&capture);
cvDestroyWindow("detector");
return 0;
}
When typing the command and adding the library
gcc libcv200.dll.a -I C:\OpenCV2.0\include\opencv\ .\intruder_detector.o -o .\intruder_detector
libcv200.dll.a and intruder_detector.o is in the same directory
I get this output
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xa97): undefined reference to `cvFree_'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xb20): undefined reference to `cvFree_'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xc4d): undefined reference to `cvGetRows'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xc86): undefined reference to `cvGetCols'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xca1): undefined reference to `cvReleaseMat'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xe1f): undefined reference to `cvAddS'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xe5f): undefined reference to `cvSeqSlice'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xed0): undefined reference to `cvSetAdd'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0xf7e): undefined reference to `cvGetSeqElem'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x107d): undefined reference to `cvEllipse'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x10de): undefined reference to `cvInitFont'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x11b1): undefined reference to `cvGetFileNodeByName'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1257): undefined reference to `cvGetFileNodeByName'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x12df): undefined reference to `cvGetFileNodeByName'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1323): undefined reference to `cvGetFileNodeByName'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1336): undefined reference to `cvRead'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x145b): undefined reference to `cvCreateSubdiv2D'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x147f): undefined reference to `cvInitSubdivDelaunay2D'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1654): undefined reference to `cvCalcArrHist'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x17d1): undefined reference to `cvAvg'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1802): undefined reference to `cvSum'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x184d): undefined reference to `cvAvgSdv'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x18ac): undefined reference to `cvReshape'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x18c8): undefined reference to `cvReshape'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x18dc): undefined reference to `cvPerspectiveTransform'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x18fd): undefined reference to `cvGetElemType'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1917): undefined reference to `cvColorToScalar'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x194d): undefined reference to `cvSet'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x199c): undefined reference to `cvError'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x19d3): undefined reference to `cvError'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1aea): undefined reference to `cvError'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1b1f): undefined reference to `cvError'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1bac): undefined reference to `cvError'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1c1e): undefined reference to `cvRandArr'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1d96): undefined reference to `cvCartToPolar'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1e6f): undefined reference to `cvCartToPolar'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1f02): undefined reference to `cvPow'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x1f95): undefined reference to `cvPow'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2028): undefined reference to `cvPow'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x20a5): undefined reference to `cvExp'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2122): undefined reference to `cvLog'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2156): undefined reference to `cvBoundingRect'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2186): undefined reference to `cvInvert'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2218): undefined reference to `cvConvexHull2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2281): undefined reference to `cvMinAreaRect2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x22b0): undefined reference to `cvBoxPoints'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x23ca): undefined reference to `cvFitLine'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x247c): undefined reference to `cvFitLine'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x24d9): undefined reference to `cvFitEllipse2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2634): undefined reference to `cvTransform'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x26c3): undefined reference to `cvHoughLines2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2753): undefined reference to `cvHoughLines2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x27e3): undefined reference to `cvHoughLines2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2846): undefined reference to `cvCreateMat'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x285f): undefined reference to `cvCreateMat'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x29e7): undefined reference to `cvFindFundamentalMat'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x29f3): undefined reference to `cvReleaseMat'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x29ff): undefined reference to `cvReleaseMat'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2a44): undefined reference to `cvFindChessboardCorners'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2cad): undefined reference to `cvCalibrateCamera2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x2f1a): undefined reference to `cvCalibrateCamera2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x30f7): undefined reference to `cvFindExtrinsicCameraParams2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x32f8): undefined reference to `cvFindExtrinsicCameraParams2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3338): undefined reference to `cvRodrigues2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3351): undefined reference to `cvRodrigues2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3691): undefined reference to `cvProjectPoints2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x382c): undefined reference to `cvProjectPoints2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x38bb): undefined reference to `cvUndistort2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x38fa): undefined reference to `cvGetRawData'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3a2d): undefined reference to `cvGetRawData'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3b56): undefined reference to `cvCalcEMD2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3ba5): undefined reference to `cvCreateMat'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3c7e): undefined reference to `cvKMeans2'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3c8a): undefined reference to `cvReleaseMat'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3cdb): undefined reference to `cvError'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3cf1): undefined reference to `cvCreateGraphScanner'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3d37): undefined reference to `cvFree_'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3d80): undefined reference to `cvError'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3d97): undefined reference to `cvAlloc'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3ddd): undefined reference to `cvReleaseGraphScanner'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3e1a): undefined reference to `cvGetElemType'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3e34): undefined reference to `cvColorToScalar'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3e86): undefined reference to `cvLine'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3eaf): undefined reference to `cvGetElemType'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3ec9): undefined reference to `cvColorToScalar'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3f1b): undefined reference to `cvCircle'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3f47): undefined reference to `cvGetElemType'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3f61): undefined reference to `cvColorToScalar'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x3fd4): undefined reference to `cvEllipse'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x4002): undefined reference to `cvGetElemType'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x401c): undefined reference to `cvColorToScalar'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x407e): undefined reference to `cvPolyLine'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x430d): undefined reference to `cvNamedWindow'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x4317): undefined reference to `cvCreateCameraCapture'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x4327): undefined reference to `cvQueryFrame'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x4353): undefined reference to `cvShowImage'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x435d): undefined reference to `cvWaitKey'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x4375): undefined reference to `cvReleaseCapture'
.\intruder_detector.o:intruder_detector.c:(.text+0x4381): undefined reference to `cvDestroyWindow'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
So I tried all the other libraries in C:\OpenCV2.0\lib folder which contains the following libraries
-a---- 10/1/2009 6:02 AM 435896 libcv200.dll.a
-a---- 10/1/2009 6:10 AM 465136 libcvaux200.dll.a
-a---- 10/1/2009 5:58 AM 526158 libcxcore200.dll.a
-a---- 10/1/2009 6:16 AM 150786 libcxts200.dll.a
-a---- 10/1/2009 6:06 AM 138242 libhighgui200.dll.a
-a---- 10/1/2009 6:07 AM 375380 libml200.dll.a
I don't know if I'm compiling the code correctly or I need some other libraries.
I tried searching if someone got the same issue, but I didn't find any solution.
Can anyone help me?
This is the following program.
#include <graphics.h>
int main(void)
{
drawRect(50,100,200,150);
drawLine(50,100,150,25);
drawLine(150,25,250,100);
drawRect(130,190,40,60);
drawRect(70,195,40,30);
drawRect(190,195,40,30);
drawRect(70,125,40,30);
drawRect(190,125,40,30);
return 0;
}
and following is the error
C:\Users\Balavardhan\Desktop\New folder\c language>gcc z.c -o z.exe
z.c: In function 'main':
z.c:4:6: warning: implicit declaration of function 'drawRect'; did you mean 'drawpoly'? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
drawRect(50,100,200,150);
^~~~~~~~
drawpoly
z.c:5:6: warning: implicit declaration of function 'drawLine'; did you mean 'drawpoly'? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
drawLine(50,100,150,25);
^~~~~~~~
drawpoly
C:\Users\BALAVA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccMnl0ZM.o:z.c:(.text+0x2e): undefined reference to `drawRect'
C:\Users\BALAVA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccMnl0ZM.o:z.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `drawLine'
C:\Users\BALAVA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccMnl0ZM.o:z.c:(.text+0x76): undefined reference to `drawLine'
C:\Users\BALAVA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccMnl0ZM.o:z.c:(.text+0x9a): undefined reference to `drawRect'
C:\Users\BALAVA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccMnl0ZM.o:z.c:(.text+0xbe): undefined reference to `drawRect'
C:\Users\BALAVA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccMnl0ZM.o:z.c:(.text+0xe2): undefined reference to `drawRect'
C:\Users\BALAVA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccMnl0ZM.o:z.c:(.text+0x106): undefined reference to `drawRect'
C:\Users\BALAVA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccMnl0ZM.o:z.c:(.text+0x12a): undefined reference to `drawRect'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Can anyone tell me how can I solve this problem?
I am fairly new to C and do not understand why I am getting these errors when I try to compile my program using g++ ./main.c. I have tried looking at other resources and I am unable to find the answers I need. If there is a solution that you already know of, please post it here as well.
/tmp/ccSGRAcp.o: In function `producer(void*)':
main.c:(.text+0x12): undefined reference to `sem_wait'
main.c:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `sem_wait'
main.c:(.text+0xa0): undefined reference to `sem_post'
main.c:(.text+0xaa): undefined reference to `sem_post'
/tmp/ccSGRAcp.o: In function `consumer(void*)':
main.c:(.text+0xc5): undefined reference to `sem_wait'
main.c:(.text+0xcf): undefined reference to `sem_wait'
main.c:(.text+0x153): undefined reference to `sem_post'
main.c:(.text+0x15d): undefined reference to `sem_post'
/tmp/ccSGRAcp.o: In function `main':
main.c:(.text+0x17e): undefined reference to `sem_init'
main.c:(.text+0x192): undefined reference to `sem_init'
main.c:(.text+0x1a6): undefined reference to `sem_init'
main.c:(.text+0x1c1): undefined reference to `pthread_create'
main.c:(.text+0x1dc): undefined reference to `pthread_create'
main.c:(.text+0x1f7): undefined reference to `pthread_create'
main.c:(.text+0x212): undefined reference to `pthread_create'
main.c:(.text+0x22d): undefined reference to `pthread_create'
/tmp/ccSGRAcp.o:main.c:(.text+0x248): more undefined references to `pthread_create' follow
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The code I am trying to compile is
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define N 10000000
typedef struct
{
char const* buf[N];
char in;
char out;
sem_t mutex;
sem_t full;
sem_t empty;
} bufferItems;
bufferItems sharedBuffer;
void *producer(void *arg) {
while(1) {
sem_wait(&sharedBuffer.empty);
sem_wait(&sharedBuffer.mutex);
sharedBuffer.buf[sharedBuffer.in] = "X";
sharedBuffer.in = (sharedBuffer.in+1)%N;
printf("Producer ");
printf("%c", sharedBuffer.in);
printf("\n");
sem_post(&sharedBuffer.mutex);
sem_post(&sharedBuffer.full);
}
}
void *consumer(void *arg){
while(1){
sem_wait(&sharedBuffer.full);
sem_wait(&sharedBuffer.mutex);
sharedBuffer.buf[sharedBuffer.out] = NULL;
sharedBuffer.out = (sharedBuffer.out+1)%N;
printf("Consumer ");
printf("%c", sharedBuffer.out);
printf("\n");
sem_post(&sharedBuffer.mutex);
sem_post(&sharedBuffer.empty);
}
}
int main(void) {
sem_init(&sharedBuffer.mutex, 0, 0);
sem_init(&sharedBuffer.full, 0, 0);
sem_init(&sharedBuffer.empty, 0, N);
pthread_t p1;
pthread_t p2;
pthread_t p3;
pthread_t p4;
pthread_t c1;
pthread_t c2;
pthread_t c3;
pthread_t c4;
// create four producer threads
pthread_create(&p1,NULL,producer,NULL);
pthread_create(&p2,NULL,producer,NULL);
pthread_create(&p3,NULL,producer,NULL);
pthread_create(&p4,NULL,producer,NULL);
// create four consumer threads
pthread_create(&c1,NULL,consumer,NULL);
pthread_create(&c2,NULL,consumer,NULL);
pthread_create(&c3,NULL,consumer,NULL);
pthread_create(&c4,NULL,consumer,NULL);
}
Add the -pthread param to pull in all the threading stuff for linking
g++ ./main.c -pthread
I wrote a makefile to link all the .c files that i wanted to.But then again i get errors of undefined reference.The code for the makefile is:
FILES.o=set.o hash.o nfa.o printnfa.o input.o terp.o dfa.o minimize.o defnext.o print_ar.o pairs.o squash.o print.o assort.o prnt.o printv.o bintoasc.o ferr.o onferr.o fputstr.o pchar.o driver.o searchenv.o hashadd.o
PROGRAM= lexer
all: ${PROGRAM}
${PROGRAM}: ${FILES.o}
${CC} -o $# ${CFLAGS} $^ ${LDFLAGS} ${LDLIBS}
But still it leads to undefined errors like :
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o: In function `_start':(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `main'
nfa.o: In function `parse_err':
nfa.c:(.text+0x21): undefined reference to `Actual_lineno'
nfa.o: In function `save':
nfa.c:(.text+0x2d1): undefined reference to `Lineno'
nfa.o: In function `advance':
nfa.c:(.text+0x8b4): undefined reference to `esc'
nfa.o: In function `rule':
nfa.c:(.text+0xae1): undefined reference to `Unix'
nfa.o: In function `term':
nfa.c:(.text+0xfbd): undefined reference to `Unix'
nfa.c:(.text+0x10a2): undefined reference to `Unix'
nfa.o: In function `thompson':
nfa.c:(.text+0x1355): undefined reference to `CLEAR_STACK'
nfa.c:(.text+0x13ab): undefined reference to `Verbose'
nfa.c:(.text+0x13d3): undefined reference to `printf_nfa'
nfa.c:(.text+0x13d9): undefined reference to `Verbose'
input.o: In function `get_expr':
input.c:(.text+0x13): undefined reference to `Input_buf'
input.c:(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `Verbose'
input.c:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `Actual_lineno'
input.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `Actual_lineno'
input.c:(.text+0x7a): undefined reference to `Actual_lineno'
input.c:(.text+0x83): undefined reference to `Actual_lineno'
input.c:(.text+0x8a): undefined reference to `Input_buf'
input.c:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `Input_buf'
input.c:(.text+0xe2): undefined reference to `Ifile'
input.c:(.text+0x10c): undefined reference to `Verbose'
input.c:(.text+0x11c): undefined reference to `Input_buf'
input.c:(.text+0x136): undefined reference to `Input_buf'
dfa.o: In function `dfa':
dfa.c:(.text+0x69): undefined reference to `Verbose'
dfa.c:(.text+0x1c6): undefined reference to `Verbose'
dfa.c:(.text+0x215): undefined reference to `Verbose'
dfa.o: In function `get_unmarked':
dfa.c:(.text+0x3a8): undefined reference to `Verbose'
minimize.o: In function `init_groups':
minimize.c:(.text+0x28c): undefined reference to `Verbose'
minimize.o:minimize.c:(.text+0x550): more undefined references to `Verbose' follow
print.o: In function `pdriver':
print.c:(.text+0x483): undefined reference to `No_lines'
print.c:(.text+0x4eb): undefined reference to `No_lines'
print.c:(.text+0x4f6): undefined reference to `Input_file_name'
print.c:(.text+0x585): undefined reference to `No_lines'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [lexer] Error 1
All the undefined references are however present in 2 header files :1.stack.h 2.global.h..Still the errors.please help!
The global.h file i am using is:
#ifndef __GLOBAL_H
#define __GLOBAL_H
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef ALLOC
# define CLASS
# define I(x) x
#else
# define CLASS extern
# define I(x)
#endif
#define MAXINP 2048
CLASS int Verbose I(=0);
CLASS int No_lines I(=0);
CLASS int Unix I(=0);
CLASS int Public I(=0);
CLASS char *Template I(="lex.par");
CLASS int Actual_lineno I(=1);
CLASS int Lineno I(=1);
CLASS char Input_buf[MAXINP]; //line buffer for input
CLASS char *Input_file_name; //Input file name
CLASS FILE *Ifile; //Input Stream
CLASS FILE *ofile; //Output Stream
#endif
Your problem isn't related to the Makefile per se. The header-only include file global.h contains declarations of variables. These declarations have to be turned into actual definitions in one compilation unit, so that they have space for them allocated in one of your object files.
The way your header file is designed, the definition of the variable ALLOC determines whether the variables are just declared or defined.
The regular include without ALLOC yields for example:
extern int Verbose;
The extern keyword indicates that the variable Verbose is not defined. No memory is allocated for it (and it therefore can't have an initialiser) and that it is probably defined in another object file.
When ALLOC is defined, the declaration becomes a definition with initialisation:
int Verbose = 0;
Pick one of the files that include global.h and define ALLOC before including it, for example:
input.c
#define ALLOC
#include "global.h"
You should then have the symbol Verbose defined as an int with initial value 0 in global.o:
> nm input.o | grep Verbose
0000000000000000 B Verbose
> nm set.o | grep Verbose
U Verbose
(nm is a Linux utility that lists the symbols in an object file. Windows has dumpbin.)
The U in the object file without ALLOC means that the symbol is undefined, i.e. referenced but not defined in this object file. The B in input.o denotes the section where the symol is defined. When you link, you can have many Us, but for each symbol that is undefined in an object file, you also need one object file where the symbol is defined.
you should add header files in all files which are contained in makefile...
otherwise those files will not able to recognize those variables
For some reason this line of code is giving me quite a problem.
struct socketaddr_in clientaddr;
The error message is:
tiny.c:23:24: error: storage size of ‘clientaddr’ isn’t known
If I remove that line of code I get the following error message:
s2s2#s2s2-ThinkPad-T61:~/Documents/Cprogramming/web_server$ make
gcc -std=gnu99 -O2 -lpthread -lrt -o server tiny.c csapp.c
/tmp/ccVxw07i.o: In function `Pthread_create':
csapp.c:(.text+0x7e5): undefined reference to `pthread_create'
/tmp/ccVxw07i.o: In function `Pthread_cancel':
csapp.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `pthread_cancel'
/tmp/ccVxw07i.o: In function `Pthread_join':
csapp.c:(.text+0x825): undefined reference to `pthread_join'
/tmp/ccVxw07i.o: In function `Pthread_detach':
csapp.c:(.text+0x845): undefined reference to `pthread_detach'
/tmp/ccVxw07i.o: In function `Sem_init':
csapp.c:(.text+0x895): undefined reference to `sem_init'
/tmp/ccVxw07i.o: In function `P':
csapp.c:(.text+0x8b5): undefined reference to `sem_wait'
/tmp/ccVxw07i.o: In function `V':
csapp.c:(.text+0x8d5): undefined reference to `sem_post'
/tmp/ccVxw07i.o: In function `Pthread_once':
csapp.c:(.text+0x881): undefined reference to `pthread_once'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [webServer-gcc] Error 1
Here are links to the csapp.c and csapp.h files.
Thanks for all the help.
tiny.c:23:24: error: storage size of ‘clientaddr’ isn’t known
There's a reason you need to declare structs as struct structname instancename in C - that's so that the C compiler knows how much memory to allocate - and possibly how to align that data, etc.
This is the C compiler's way of telling you no such struct socketaddr_in exists - it'd be sockaddr_in.
A common way to work around the naming of structs in this way is to define them like this:
typedef struct _struct_name
{
/* ... */
} structname;
then structname can be used as a type without the struct qualifier. You don't have to do this on the definition of the struct, either, you could do it later.
So, the short answer is socketaddr_in doesn't exist as a struct in POSIX - it's sockaddr_in.