I am getting warnings for semaphores - c

So I have been all day working on this project, I was checking the errors that I have and as I was fixing them I came to the last part which is the warnings.
the warnings that I am getting are the same: Passing argument 1 of '' from compatible pointer type [enabled by default]
note: expected 'union sem_t*' but argument is of type 'void * ()(void)'
please just help me out. I have been stuck on this for several hours now. thanks in advance!
I took off the & from sem_init in both customers and barbers, but it did not work.
#include <unistd.h> //Provides API for POSIX(or UNIX) OS for system calls
#include <stdio.h> //Standard I/O Routines
#include <stdlib.h> //For exit() and rand()
#include <pthread.h> //Threading APIs
#include <semaphore.h> //Semaphore APIs
#define MAX 30 //Maximum no. of customers for simulation
#define MAX_BARBERS 1000
sem_t customer; //Semaphore
sem_t barber; //Semaphore
sem_t mutex; //Semaphore for providing mutially exclusive access
void *barbers(void *param); //Thread Function
void *customers(void *param); //Thread Function
int num_chairs;
int barbers_total;
int customers_total;
int serveMeNext; //Index to choose a candidate for cutting hair
void wait(); //Randomized delay function
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
pthread_t barberid[MAX_BARBERS];
pthread_t customerid[MAX]; //Thread declaration
int i = 0;
if(argc != 4){
printf("Enter 3 arguments (Number of chairs, barbers, customers)\n");
exit(0);
}
num_chairs = atoi(argv[1]);
barbers_total = atoi(argv[2]);
customers_total = atoi(argv[3]);
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
/*Semaphore initialization*/
sem_init(&mutex,0,1);
sem_init(customers,0,0);
sem_init(barbers,0,0);
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
/*Barber thread initialization*/
printf("!!Barber Shop Opens!!\n");
for(i = 0; i <= barbers_total; i++){ //Creation of barbers
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
pthread_create(&barberid[i], NULL, barbers, (void*)&i);
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
sleep(1);
}
/*Customer thread initialization*/
for(i = 0; i <= customers_total; i++){ //Creation of Customer Threads
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
pthread_create(&customerid[i],NULL,customers,(void*)&i);
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
wait(); //Create customers in random interval
}
for(i = 0; i <= MAX; i++) //Waiting till all customers are dealt with
pthread_join(customerid[i],NULL);
printf("!!Barber Shop Closes!!\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); //Exit abandoning infinite loop of barber thread
}
void *customers(void *param){ /*Customer Process*/
int mySeat, B;
static int count = 0; //Counter of No. of customers
int numberOfFreeSeats = num_chairs; //Counter for Vacant seats in waiting room
int seatPocket[num_chairs]; //To exchange pid between customer and barber
int sitHereNext = 0; //Index for next legitimate seat
serveMeNext = 0;
sem_wait(&mutex); //Lock mutex to protect seat changes
count++; //Arrival of customer
printf("Customer-%d entered shop. ",count);
if(numberOfFreeSeats > 0){
--numberOfFreeSeats; //Sit on chairs on waiting room
printf("Customer-%d Sits In Waiting Room.\n",count);
sitHereNext = (++sitHereNext) % num_chairs; //Choose a vacant chair to sit
mySeat = sitHereNext;
seatPocket[mySeat] = count;
sem_post(&mutex); //Release the seat change mutex
sem_post(barbers); //Wake up one barber
sem_wait(customers); //Join queue of sleeping customers
sem_wait(&mutex); //Lock mutex to protect seat changes
B = seatPocket[mySeat]; //Barber replaces customer PID with his own PID
numberOfFreeSeats++; //Stand Up and Go to Barber Room
sem_post(&mutex); //Release the seat change mutex
/*Customer is having hair cut by barber 'B'*/
}else{
sem_post(&mutex); //Release the mutex and customer leaves without haircut
printf("Customer-%d Finds No Seat & Leaves.\n",count);
}
pthread_exit(0);
}
void *barbers(void *param){ /*Barber Process*/
int index = *(int *)(param);
int myNext, C;
int worktime;
int seatPocket[num_chairs]; //To exchange pid between customer and barber
printf("Barber-%d joins shop. ",index);
while(1){ /*Infinite loop*/
printf("Barber-%d Gone To Sleep.\n",index);
sem_wait(barbers); //Join queue of sleeping barbers
sem_wait(&mutex); //Lock mutex to protect seat changes
serveMeNext = (++serveMeNext) % MAX; //Select next customermyNext = serveMeNext;
C = seatPocket[myNext]; //Get selected customer's PID
seatPocket[myNext] = pthread_self(); //Leave own PID for customer
sem_post(&mutex);
sem_post(customers); //Call selected customer
/*Barber is cutting hair of customer 'C'*/
printf("Barber-%d Wakes Up & Is Cutting Hair Of Customer-%d.\n",index,C);
worktime = (rand() % 3) + 1;
printf("Barber-%d Finished.\n",index);
sleep(worktime);
}
}
void wait(){ /*Generates random number between 50000 to 250000*/
int x = rand() % (250000 - 50000 + 1) + 50000;
srand(time(NULL));
usleep(x); //usleep halts execution in specified miliseconds
}
I marked with """ the places where I think I am wrong because of the research that I have been doing.

From the warning, it is evident that you were passing a pointer to a function instead of the sem_t type that it expects.
You seem to have had a typo with customer and barber.
The sem_init must be
sem_init(&customer,0,0);
sem_init(&barber,0,0);
And your sem_post must be
sem_post(&customer);
sem_post(&barber);
Also, don't forget to compile this with -lpthread or -pthread

Related

How to synchronize 2 pthreads using mutexes and/or cond vars to create a "guess the number" minigame?

I am trying to make a "guess the number" minigame to get used to pthreads and synchronization. A thread sleeps for 10 seconds, while the other reads input and says whether the number is too big or too low. When the first thread "wakes up", the second thread should no longer read input, regardless if it were executing scanf. When the second thread has read the correct number, the first thread should no longer sleep and ignore the rest of its code.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
unsigned short quit = 0;
unsigned short won = 0;
void * engine(void * arg);
void * arbiter();
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
int n = rand() % 100;
pthread_t t1, t2;
pthread_create(&t1, NULL, arbiter, NULL);
pthread_create(&t2, NULL, engine, &n);
pthread_join(t1, NULL);
pthread_join(t2, NULL);
return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
void * arbiter(){
sleep(10);
quit = 1;
printf("Stop!\n");
}
void * engine(void * arg){
int n = *(int*)arg;
printf("%d\n", n);
while(!quit){
printf("N = ");
int a;
scanf("%d", &a);
if(a < n){
printf("Go higher!\n");
} else if(a > n){
printf("Go lower!\n");
} else{
printf("Bingo!\n");
won = 1;
}
}
}
I don't know how to use mutexes or cond var here, to make the threads work together. Now, when the first thread wakes up, the second will execute the last scanf. How should I implement this correctly and safe?

How to avoid worker threads being stuck in sem_wait?

I am new to semaphores and wanted to know how to avoid a situation where my worker thread (in a multiple worker single producer problem) is stuck in sem_wait(&full). I also have a mutex lock after this but I doubt that, that is where it is stuck. I know all my tasks are being completed but the threads are not exiting. The producer thread in my program stops sending data once all tasks are done.
For reference... the producer thread...
while (i<number_of_tasks)
{
TASK task;
task.start_row = i*num_of_rows;
task.num_of_rows = num_of_rows;
sem_wait(&empty);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
tasks[in] = task;
in = (in+1)%buff_size;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
sem_post(&full);
i++;
//printf("%d tasks completed out of %d tasks\n", counter, number_of_tasks);
if (counter==number_of_tasks)
break;
}
And ...the worker thread function
int i, item, index;
TASK task;
index = *((int*)arg);
int notasks1;
for (i=number_of_tasks; i > 0; i--) {
//previous code
sem_wait(&full);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
task=tasks[out];
out = (out+1)%buff_size;
//completing task code...
counter++;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
sem_post(&empty);
printf("%d tasks completed out of %d tasks\n", counter, number_of_tasks);
if (counter==number_of_tasks)
break;
}
printf("Worker thread %d has terminated and completed %d tasks\n",index,notasks1);
return NULL;
the full code... for reference
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include </usr/include/semaphore.h>
// for sleep
#include <unistd.h>
#include "Mandel.h"
#include "draw.h"
#define BUFF_SIZE 10 /* total number of slots */
#define NP 1 /* total number of producers */
#define NC 5 /* total number of consumers */
#define NITERS IMAGE_HEIGHT/10 /* number of items produced/consumed */
//int buf[BUFF_SIZE]; /* shared var */
//struct task for storing the tasks the current worker thread has to do
typedef struct task
{
int start_row;
int num_of_rows;
} TASK;
TASK* tasks;
int buff_size; //= 7;
//TASK buff[buff_size];
int in=0; /* buf[in%BUFF_SIZE] is the first empty slot */
int out=0; /* buf[out%BUFF_SIZE] is the first full slot */
sem_t full; /* keep track of the number of full spots */
sem_t empty; /* keep track of the number of empty spots */
int number_of_tasks;// = IMAGE_HEIGHT/20;
float *pixels;
int num_of_rows;// = 20;
int counter = 0;
// use correct type here
pthread_mutex_t mutex; /* enforce mutual exclusion to shared data */
/*void *Producer(void *arg)
{
int i =0;
while (i<number_of_tasks)
{
if (counter==number_of_tasks)
break;
TASK task;
task.start_row = i*num_of_rows;
task.num_of_rows = num_of_rows;
sem_wait(&empty);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
tasks[in] = task;
in = (in+1)%buff_size;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
sem_post(&full);
i++;
if (counter==number_of_tasks)
break;
}
return NULL;
}*/
//function for consumer threads to accesss
void *Consumer(void *arg)
{
int i, item, index;
TASK task;
index = *((int*)arg);//getting index of thread from argument parsing it into int
int notasks1;
//for loop to complete number of tasks per thread
for (i=number_of_tasks; i > 0; i--) {
//defining start_compute and end compute to calculate time per task
struct timespec start_compute, end_compute;
float difftime;
printf("Worker(%d): Start the computation ...\n", index);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start_compute);
//calling sem wait to wait for producer thread to fill in tasks for worker threads. will wait if buffer is empty
sem_wait(&full);
//calling mutex lock
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
//getting tasks from struct tasks array
task=tasks[out];
//incrementing to next task in buffer so that next thread accesses next task
out = (out+1)%buff_size;
//calculating pixels for image
int x, y;
//printf("start_row... %d, num_of_rows... %d\n", task.start_row, task.num_of_rows);
for (y=task.start_row; y<task.start_row+task.num_of_rows; y++)
{
for (x=0; x<IMAGE_WIDTH; x++)
{
pixels[y*IMAGE_WIDTH+x] = Mandelbrot(x, y);
}
}
//increasing counter to check if all tasks are done
counter++;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
sem_post(&empty);//informing a producer that a task has been taken out and if tasks are left buffer is empty to add tasks
//calculating end compute and posting
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &end_compute); //end time values for the child processes
difftime = (end_compute.tv_nsec - start_compute.tv_nsec)/1000000.0 + (end_compute.tv_sec - start_compute.tv_sec)*1000.0;
printf("Worker(%d):\t...completed. Elapse time = %f ms\n",index, difftime);\
notasks1++;
printf("%d tasks completed out of %d tasks\n", counter, number_of_tasks);
if (counter==number_of_tasks)
break;
}
printf("Worker thread %d has terminated and completed %d tasks\n",index,notasks1);
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char* args[])
{
buff_size = atoi(args[3]);
num_of_rows = atoi(args[2]);
number_of_tasks = IMAGE_HEIGHT/num_of_rows;
int number_of_workers;
number_of_workers = atoi(args[1]);
struct timespec start_time, end_time;
printf("number_of_tasks...%d\n", number_of_tasks);
pthread_t idP, idC;
int index;
sem_init(&full, 0, 0);//initializing full to zero so that consumer thread knows buffer is empty and waits for producer thread
sem_init(&empty, 0, buff_size);//initializing empty to buffer size so that producer knows to add that many tasks
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
int i = 0;
pixels = (float *) malloc(sizeof(float) * IMAGE_WIDTH * IMAGE_HEIGHT);//assigning pixels memory
//tasks = (TASK*) malloc (sizeof(TASK) *buff_size);
//pthread_create(&idP, NULL, Producer, NULL);
for(index=0; index<number_of_workers/*5*/; index++)
{
printf("Worker(%d): Start up. Wait for task!\n", index);
pthread_create(&idC, NULL, Consumer, (void*)&index);//creating worker threads to go to consumer function sending their index
}
tasks = (TASK*) malloc (sizeof(TASK) *buff_size);
//master/producer thread work
while (i<number_of_tasks)
{
TASK task;
task.start_row = i*num_of_rows;
task.num_of_rows = num_of_rows;
//calling sem wait if buffer is not empty
sem_wait(&empty);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
//adding tasks to struct task tasks array for worker/consumer threads to use
tasks[in] = task;
in = (in+1)%buff_size;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
sem_post(&full);
//incrementing full so that worker threads know that buffer is not empty
i++;
//printf("%d tasks completed out of %d tasks\n", counter, number_of_tasks);
if (counter==number_of_tasks)
break;
}
//pthread_exit(NULL);
//waiting for all threads to exit
//pthread_join(idC, NULL);
//printing image
printf("Draw the image\n");
DrawImage(pixels, IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT, "Mandelbrot demo", 3000);
return 0;
}
How to stop the worker thread from being stuck in the loop?
I know the program continues on and displays the correct result but when I call pthread_join it keeps on waiting... obviously. How to solve the issue?

C - synchronizing multiple threads w/ mutexs

I'm trying to synchronize multiple (7) threads. I thought I understood how they work until I was trying it on my code and my threads were still printing out of order. Here is the code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
void *text(void *arg);
long code[] = {4,6,3,1,5,0,2}; //Order in which to start threads
int num = 0;
pthread_mutex_t lock; //Mutex variable
int main()
{
int i;
pthread_t tid[7];
//Check if mutex worked
if (pthread_mutex_init(&lock, NULL) != 0){
printf("Mutex init failed\n");
return 1;
}
//Initialize random number generator
time_t seconds;
time(&seconds);
srand((unsigned int) seconds);
//Create our threads
for (i=0; i<7; i++)
pthread_create(&tid[i], NULL, text, (void*)code[i]);
//Wait for threads to finish
for (i=0; i<7; i++){
if(pthread_join(tid[i], NULL)){
printf("A thread failed to join\n");
}
}
//Destroy mutex
pthread_mutex_destroy(&lock);
//Exit main
return 0;
}
void *text (void *arg)
{
//pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); //lock
long n = (long) arg;
int rand_sec = rand() % (3 - 1 + 1) + 1; //Random num seconds to sleep
while (num != n) {} //Busy wait used to wait for our turn
num++; //Let next thread go
sleep(rand_sec); //Sleep for random amount of time
pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); //lock
printf("This is thread %d.\n", n);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock); //unlock
//Exit thread
pthread_exit(0);
}
So here I am trying to make threads 0-6 print IN ORDER but right now they are still scrambled. The commented out mutex lock is where I originally had it, but then moved it down to the line above the print statement but I'm having similar results. I am not sure where the error in my mutex's are, could someone give a hint or point me in the right direction? I really appreciate it. Thanks in advance!
You cannot make threads to run in order with only a mutex because they go in execution in an unpredictable order.
In my approach I use a condition variable and a shared integer variable to create a queueing system. Each thread takes a number and when the current_n number is equal to the one of the actual thread, it enters the critical section and prints its number.
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define N_THREAD 7
int current_n = 0;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t number = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
void *text (void *arg) {
int i = (int)arg;
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while ( i > current_n ) {
pthread_cond_wait(&number, &mutex);
}
//i = current_n at this point
/*I use stderr because is not buffered and the output will be printed immediately.
Alternatively you can use printf and then fflush(stdout).
*/
fprintf(stderr, "I'm thread n=%d\n", i);
current_n ++;
pthread_cond_broadcast(&number);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
return (void*)0;
}
int main() {
pthread_t tid[N_THREAD];
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < N_THREAD; i++) {
pthread_create(&tid[i], NULL, text, (void *)i);
}
for(i = 0; i < N_THREAD; i++) {
if(pthread_join(tid[i], NULL)) {
fprintf(stderr, "A thread failed to join\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
The output is:
I'm thread n=0
I'm thread n=1
I'm thread n=2
I'm thread n=3
I'm thread n=4
I'm thread n=5
I'm thread n=6
Compile with
gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 test.c -o test -lpthread
Don't worry about the warnings.

Sleeping barber using semaphore

I am having a problem in the synchronisation of threads. I m trying to implement sleeping barber problem in a different approach.
When i run the code the threads run in a completely vague manner.
When i add join to the threads the processes run one by one which is not required.
I know the solutions to the sleeping barber problem but can anybody tell me what is the problem with this code.?
Thank You
#include<stdio.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include<semaphore.h>
#define n 1
#define n1 50
int status[n];
int b=0;
sem_t mutex;
sem_t barber;
void *barb()
{
printf("Barber Sleeping\n");
b=1;
sem_wait(&barber);
printf("Barber woke up\n");
sleep(1);
b=0;
}
void *handler(void *ptr)
{
int x;
x = *((int *) ptr);
int flag=0;
int i=0;
int cnt=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(status[i]==1)
{
flag=1;
cnt++;
}
}
printf("Count=%d",cnt);
if(cnt==n)
{
printf("%d Customer Returned\n",x);
return 0;
}
if(flag==1)
{
status[x]=1;
printf("%d Customer waiting\n",x);
sem_wait(&mutex);
}
if(b==1)
{
printf("Customer %d woke up barber",x);
sem_post(&barber);
}
printf("Cutting Hair of customer %d\n",x);
status[x]=1;
sleep(5);
flag=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(status[i]==1)
{
flag=1;
}
}
status[x]=0;
printf("Finished cutting Hair of customer %d\n",x);
if(flag==1)
sem_post(&mutex);
}
int main()
{
sem_init(&mutex, 0, n);
sem_init(&barber, 0, 1);
pthread_t thread[n1];
pthread_t barber;
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
status[i]=0;
}
pthread_create(&barber,NULL,barb,NULL);
pthread_join(barber,NULL);
for(i=0;i<n1;i++)
{
sleep(1);
printf("Customer entered %d\n",i);
pthread_create(&thread[i], NULL, handler, (void *)&i);
//pthread_join(thread[i],NULL);
}
for(i=0;i<n1;i++)
{
//pthread_join(thread[i],NULL);
}
//sem_post(&barber);
}
I have the code to help you
#define _REENTRANT
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
// The maximum number of customer threads.
#define MAX_CUSTOMERS 25
// Function prototypes...
void *customer(void *num);
void *barber(void *);
void randwait(int secs);
// Define the semaphores.
// waitingRoom Limits the # of customers allowed
// to enter the waiting room at one time.
sem_t waitingRoom;
// barberChair ensures mutually exclusive access to
// the barber chair.
sem_t barberChair;
// barberPillow is used to allow the barber to sleep
// until a customer arrives.
sem_t barberPillow;
// seatBelt is used to make the customer to wait until
// the barber is done cutting his/her hair.
sem_t seatBelt;
// Flag to stop the barber thread when all customers
// have been serviced.
int allDone = 0;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
pthread_t btid;
pthread_t tid[MAX_CUSTOMERS];
long RandSeed;
int i, numCustomers, numChairs;
int Number[MAX_CUSTOMERS];
// Check to make sure there are the right number of
// command line arguments.
if (argc != 4) {
printf("Use: SleepBarber <Num Customers> <Num Chairs> <rand seed>\n");
exit(-1);
}
// Get the command line arguments and convert them
// into integers.
numCustomers = atoi(argv[1]);
numChairs = atoi(argv[2]);
RandSeed = atol(argv[3]);
// Make sure the number of threads is less than the number of
// customers we can support.
if (numCustomers > MAX_CUSTOMERS) {
printf("The maximum number of Customers is %d.\n", MAX_CUSTOMERS);
exit(-1);
}
printf("\nSleepBarber.c\n\n");
printf("A solution to the sleeping barber problem using semaphores.\n");
// Initialize the random number generator with a new seed.
srand48(RandSeed);
// Initialize the numbers array.
for (i=0; i<MAX_CUSTOMERS; i++) {
Number[i] = i;
}
// Initialize the semaphores with initial values...
sem_init(&waitingRoom, 0, numChairs);
sem_init(&barberChair, 0, 1);
sem_init(&barberPillow, 0, 0);
sem_init(&seatBelt, 0, 0);
// Create the barber.
pthread_create(&btid, NULL, barber, NULL);
// Create the customers.
for (i=0; i<numCustomers; i++) {
pthread_create(&tid[i], NULL, customer, (void *)&Number[i]);
}
// Join each of the threads to wait for them to finish.
for (i=0; i<numCustomers; i++) {
pthread_join(tid[i],NULL);
}
// When all of the customers are finished, kill the
// barber thread.
allDone = 1;
sem_post(&barberPillow); // Wake the barber so he will exit.
pthread_join(btid,NULL);
}
void *customer(void *number) {
int num = *(int *)number;
// Leave for the shop and take some random amount of
// time to arrive.
printf("Customer %d leaving for barber shop.\n", num);
randwait(5);
printf("Customer %d arrived at barber shop.\n", num);
// Wait for space to open up in the waiting room...
sem_wait(&waitingRoom);
printf("Customer %d entering waiting room.\n", num);
// Wait for the barber chair to become free.
sem_wait(&barberChair);
// The chair is free so give up your spot in the
// waiting room.
sem_post(&waitingRoom);
// Wake up the barber...
printf("Customer %d waking the barber.\n", num);
sem_post(&barberPillow);
// Wait for the barber to finish cutting your hair.
sem_wait(&seatBelt);
// Give up the chair.
sem_post(&barberChair);
printf("Customer %d leaving barber shop.\n", num);
}
void *barber(void *junk) {
// While there are still customers to be serviced...
// Our barber is omnicient and can tell if there are
// customers still on the way to his shop.
while (!allDone) {
// Sleep until someone arrives and wakes you..
printf("The barber is sleeping\n");
sem_wait(&barberPillow);
// Skip this stuff at the end...
if (!allDone) {
// Take a random amount of time to cut the
// customer's hair.
printf("The barber is cutting hair\n");
randwait(3);
printf("The barber has finished cutting hair.\n");
// Release the customer when done cutting...
sem_post(&seatBelt);
}
else {
printf("The barber is going home for the day.\n");
}
}
}
void randwait(int secs) {
int len;
// Generate a random number...
len = (int) ((drand48() * secs) + 1);
sleep(len);
}

Semaphores and Deadlocks in C

I'm trying to code the producer/consumer problem using semaphores. I have 3, 1 acting as a mutex, and another 2 for the buffer which the producers and consumers can add/remove from. When adding/removing from the buffer I use the binary semaphore to lock/unlock it so that the global variables aren't subject to any race conditions. The produce semaphore represents how many spots are available in the buffer (how many things can be put into the buffer) while the consumer semaphore represents how many things can be removed from the buffer. I think my logic is wrong cause I always reach a deadlock. Also when I removed the produce and consume semaphores just to test whether or not the program does what its supposed to do, I still get race conditions even though the binary semaphore should be blocking that. What am I doing wrong?
enter code here
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include </usr/include/semaphore.h>
#define MAXITEMS 100
#define PRODUCER_NO 5
#define NUM_PRODUCED 5
void *producer_function (void);
void *consumer_function (void);
void add_buffer (long i);
long get_buffer ();
long sum_value = 0;
long finished_producers;
long buffer[MAXITEMS];
int size = 0;
int front, rear = 0;
pthread_t producerThread[5];
pthread_t consumerThread;
sem_t mutex, produce, consume;
int main(void)
{
int i = 0;
srand (time(NULL));
sem_init (&mutex, 0, 1);
sem_init (&produce, 0, 100);
sem_init (&consume, 0, 0);
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
pthread_create (&producerThread[i], NULL, (void *) producer_function, NULL);
}
pthread_create (&consumerThread, NULL, (void *) consumer_function, NULL);
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
pthread_join (producerThread[i], NULL);
}
pthread_join (consumerThread, NULL);
return(0);
}
void *producer_function(void)
{
long counter = 0;
long producer_sum = 0L;
while (counter < NUM_PRODUCED)
{
sem_wait (&mutex);
sem_wait (&produce);
long rndNum = rand() % 10;
producer_sum += rndNum;
add_buffer (rndNum);
sem_post (&consume);
counter++;
if (counter == NUM_PRODUCED)
{
finished_producers++;
}
sem_post (&mutex);
usleep(1000);
}
printf("--+---+----+----------+---------+---+--+---+------+----\n");
printf("The sum of produced items for this producer at the end is: %ld \n", producer_sum);
printf("--+---+----+----------+---------+---+--+---+------+----\n");
return(0);
}
void *consumer_function (void)
{
while (1)
{
sem_wait (&mutex);
sem_wait (&consume);
long readnum = get_buffer();
sem_post (&produce);
sum_value += readnum;
sem_post (&mutex);
//printf ("%ld\n", sum_value);
if ((finished_producers == PRODUCER_NO) && (size == 0))
{
printf("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n");
printf("The sum of the all produced items at the end is: %ld \n", sum_value);
printf("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n");
break;
}
}
}
void add_buffer(long i){
buffer[rear] = i;
rear = (rear+1) % MAXITEMS;
size++;
}
long get_buffer(){
long v;
v = buffer[front];
front = (front+1) % MAXITEMS;
size--;
return v;
}
user2929779,
I think its essential to not have the mutex locked, when waiting for a consume notification in the consumer, or vice versa a produce notification in the producer. Imagine you're getting blocked because of waiting for a consume notification, and no producer was able to publish such a notification then your consumer keeps the mutex locked and no producer ever gets the chance to produce a new item...
So the order is important here:
1.) First wait for notification from remote side
2.) lock mutex
3.) modify global data
4.) release mutex
5.) notify remote side
Try this instead:
void *producer_function(void)
{
long counter = 0;
long producer_sum = 0L;
while (counter < NUM_PRODUCED)
{
sem_wait (&produce);
sem_wait (&mutex);
long rndNum = rand() % 10;
producer_sum += rndNum;
add_buffer (rndNum);
counter++;
if (counter == NUM_PRODUCED)
{
finished_producers++;
}
sem_post (&mutex);
sem_post (&consume);
usleep(1000);
}
printf("--+---+----+----------+---------+---+--+---+------+----\n");
printf("The sum of produced items for this producer at the end is: %ld \n", producer_sum);
printf("--+---+----+----------+---------+---+--+---+------+----\n");
return(0);
}
void *consumer_function (void)
{
while (1)
{
sem_wait (&consume);
sem_wait (&mutex);
long readnum = get_buffer();
sum_value += readnum;
if ((finished_producers == PRODUCER_NO) && (size == 0))
{
printf("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n");
printf("The sum of the all produced items at the end is: %ld \n", sum_value);
printf("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n");
break;
}
sem_post (&mutex);
sem_post (&produce);
//printf ("%ld\n", sum_value);
}
return(0);
}
P.S. For now ignoring return values of system calls just to show example implementation...
P.S.S. See also pseudo code on wiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producer%E2%80%93consumer_problem#Using_semaphores ...

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