OWL Ontology: how to write a complement class definition? - owl

The reasoner fails to classify classes under a class A that is defined as a complement of another class B.
I have created a minimal OWL ontology example (based on the famous pizza example) in protege 5 to illustrate this problem.
There are two pizza classes: Americana and Soho, the former with meat toppings and the latter with vegetable toppings.
There are then two classes: VegetarianPizza defined as those pizzas with vegetable toppings and NonVegetarianPizza as those pizzas that are not a VegetarianPizza. Soho is correctly classified under VegetarianPizza but Americana isn't getting classified under NonVegetarianPizza.
Could someone explain what's wrong?
Here is the code:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Ontology xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xml:base="http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza-minimal.owl"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
ontologyIRI="http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza-minimal.owl"
versionIRI="http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza-minimal.owl/v1.0">
<Prefix name="" IRI="http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza-minimal.owl"/>
<Prefix name="owl" IRI="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"/>
<Prefix name="rdf" IRI="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"/>
<Prefix name="xml" IRI="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"/>
<Prefix name="xsd" IRI="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"/>
<Prefix name="rdfs" IRI="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"/>
<Declaration>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#isToppingOf"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<Class IRI="#NonVegetarianPizza"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<Class IRI="#SohoPizza"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<Class IRI="#VegetableTopping"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<Class IRI="#VegetarianPizza"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<Class IRI="#Pizza"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<Class IRI="#MeatTopping"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<Class IRI="#PizzaTopping"/>
</Declaration>
<Declaration>
<Class IRI="#AmericanaPizza"/>
</Declaration>
<EquivalentClasses>
<Class IRI="#NonVegetarianPizza"/>
<ObjectIntersectionOf>
<Class IRI="#Pizza"/>
<ObjectComplementOf>
<Class IRI="#VegetarianPizza"/>
</ObjectComplementOf>
</ObjectIntersectionOf>
</EquivalentClasses>
<EquivalentClasses>
<Class IRI="#VegetarianPizza"/>
<ObjectIntersectionOf>
<Class IRI="#Pizza"/>
<ObjectAllValuesFrom>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#VegetableTopping"/>
</ObjectAllValuesFrom>
</ObjectIntersectionOf>
</EquivalentClasses>
<SubClassOf>
<Class IRI="#AmericanaPizza"/>
<Class IRI="#Pizza"/>
</SubClassOf>
<SubClassOf>
<Class IRI="#AmericanaPizza"/>
<ObjectSomeValuesFrom>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#MeatTopping"/>
</ObjectSomeValuesFrom>
</SubClassOf>
<SubClassOf>
<Class IRI="#AmericanaPizza"/>
<ObjectAllValuesFrom>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#MeatTopping"/>
</ObjectAllValuesFrom>
</SubClassOf>
<SubClassOf>
<Class IRI="#MeatTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#PizzaTopping"/>
</SubClassOf>
<SubClassOf>
<Class IRI="#SohoPizza"/>
<Class IRI="#Pizza"/>
</SubClassOf>
<SubClassOf>
<Class IRI="#SohoPizza"/>
<ObjectSomeValuesFrom>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#VegetableTopping"/>
</ObjectSomeValuesFrom>
</SubClassOf>
<SubClassOf>
<Class IRI="#SohoPizza"/>
<ObjectAllValuesFrom>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#VegetableTopping"/>
</ObjectAllValuesFrom>
</SubClassOf>
<SubClassOf>
<Class IRI="#VegetableTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#PizzaTopping"/>
</SubClassOf>
<InverseObjectProperties>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#isToppingOf"/>
</InverseObjectProperties>
<ObjectPropertyDomain>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#Pizza"/>
</ObjectPropertyDomain>
<ObjectPropertyRange>
<ObjectProperty IRI="#hasTopping"/>
<Class IRI="#PizzaTopping"/>
</ObjectPropertyRange>
</Ontology>

This example is part of the standard OWL tutorial, see here. Apparently the tutorial is a bit inconsistent.
Declaring VegetableTopping to be Disjoint With MeatTopping solves the problem.

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
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Position.hbm.xml
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DenierePosition.hbm.xml
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Notification.hbm.xml
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<column name="ID" />
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public class Demande extends Notification {
private Group group;
private User demandeur;
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public Demande(Group group, User demandeur) {
super(group.getProprietaire());
this.group = group;
this.demandeur=demandeur;
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// Getters and setters
}
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<hibernate-mapping>
<joined-subclass name="modele.Demande" extends="modele.Notification" table="DEMANDE" lazy="false">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
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<many-to-one name="group" class="modele.Group" fetch="join">
<column name="GROUP" />
</many-to-one>
<many-to-one name="demandeur" class="modele.User" fetch="join">
<column name="DEMANDEUR" />
</many-to-one>
</joined-subclass>
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#XmlRootElement
public class User {
/** Attributs */
private int id;
private String pseudo;
private String telephone;
private String email;
#XmlTransient
private Set<Demande> demandes;
#XmlTransient
private Set<Invitation> aInvite;
#XmlTransient
private Set<Notification> notifications;
private DernierePosition dernierePosition;
#XmlTransient
private Set<Group> groups;
#XmlTransient
private Set<Group> proprietaire;
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public User() {
}
public User(String telephone, String pseudo, String email) {
super();
this.pseudo = pseudo;
this.telephone = telephone;
this.email = email;
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 15 févr. 2014 01:46:28 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="modele.User" table="USER">
<id name="id" type="int">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="pseudo" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="PSEUDO" />
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<property name="telephone" type="java.lang.String" not-null="true" unique="true">
<column name="TELEPHONE" />
</property>
<property name="email" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="EMAIL" />
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<set name="demandes" table="DEMANDE" inverse="false" lazy="true">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<one-to-many class="modele.Demande" />
</set>
<set name="aInvite" table="INVITATION" inverse="false" lazy="true" access="field">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<one-to-many class="modele.Invitation" />
</set>
<set name="notifications" table="NOTIFICATION" inverse="false" lazy="true">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<one-to-many class="modele.Notification" />
</set>
<one-to-one name="dernierePosition" class="modele.DernierePosition"></one-to-one>
<set name="groups" table="GROUP" inverse="false" lazy="true">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<one-to-many class="modele.Group" />
</set>
<set name="proprietaire" table="GROUP" inverse="false" lazy="true">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<one-to-many class="modele.Group" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Group.java
#XmlRootElement
public class Group {
/** Attributs */
private int id;
private String description;
private String hashtag;
private String password;
private Set<Marqueur> marqueurs;
#XmlTransient
private Set<Invitation> invitations;
#XmlTransient
private Set<Demande> demandes;
private User proprietaire;
private Set<User> invites;
/**
* Constructeur
* */
public Group()
{
}
public Group(String description, String hashtag, User proprietaire, String password) {
super();
this.description = description;
this.hashtag = hashtag;
this.proprietaire = proprietaire;
this.setPassword(password);
}
Group.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 16 f?vr. 2014 11:30:30 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="modele.Group" table="GROUP">
<id name="id" type="int">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="assigned" />
</id>
<property name="description" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="DESCRIPTION" />
</property>
<property name="hashtag" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="HASHTAG" />
</property>
<property name="password" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="PASSWORD" />
</property>
<set name="marqueurs" table="MARQUEUR" inverse="false" lazy="true">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<one-to-many class="modele.Marqueur" />
</set>
<set name="invitations" table="INVITATION" inverse="false" lazy="true">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<one-to-many class="modele.Invitation" />
</set>
<many-to-one name="proprietaire" class="modele.User" fetch="join">
<column name="PROPRIETAIRE" />
</many-to-one>
<set name="invites" table="USER" inverse="false" lazy="true">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<one-to-many class="modele.User" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Test User
package dao;
import java.util.List;
import junit.framework.Assert;
import modele.User;
import org.junit.Test;
public class UserDaoTest {
private final String tel = "0601020304";
private final String pseudo = "pseudo";
private final String pseudoModified = "pseudo2";
private final String email = "email#email.com";
#Test
public void addUserTest(){
User initialUser = new User(tel, pseudo, email);
UserDao.addUser(initialUser);
User addedUser = UserDao.getUser(tel);
Assert.assertEquals(addedUser.getTelephone(), initialUser.getTelephone());
Assert.assertEquals(addedUser.getPseudo(), initialUser.getPseudo());
Assert.assertEquals(addedUser.getEmail(), initialUser.getEmail());
}
#Test
public void modifyUserTest(){
UserDao.modifyUser(tel, pseudoModified, email);
User modifiedUser = UserDao.getUser(tel);
Assert.assertEquals(modifiedUser.getTelephone(), tel);
Assert.assertEquals(modifiedUser.getPseudo(), pseudoModified);
Assert.assertEquals(modifiedUser.getEmail(), email);
}
#Test
public void listUserTest(){
User modifiedUser = UserDao.getUser(tel);
List<User> listUsers = UserDao.listUser();
User listedUser = listUsers.get(listUsers.indexOf(modifiedUser));
Assert.assertEquals(listedUser.getTelephone(), modifiedUser.getTelephone());
Assert.assertEquals(listedUser.getPseudo(), modifiedUser.getPseudo());
Assert.assertEquals(listedUser.getEmail(), modifiedUser.getEmail());
}
#Test
public void deleteUserTest(){
User user = UserDao.getUser(tel);
UserDao.deleteUser(user.getTelephone());
List<User> listUsers = UserDao.listUser();
Assert.assertEquals(listUsers.indexOf(user), -1);
}
}
It seems that there's a problem with many-to-one and joined-subclass. It's explained in detail over on the hibernate forums; I'm not entirely clear on why it's the case, but the explanation from sdknott (on that site) is:
The problem you have is with your mapping. By stating that your constraining column of the many-to-one is in fact your primary key column of table A, Hibernate will always try and resolve an entity B since the many-to-one column will never be empty.
I've used your source and changed the various many-to-one mappings in joined-subclasses to one-to-one mappings, and it all works for me now. Hopefully that will allow you to express your schema correctly.
(Aside) Original answer that didn't solve the problem
I see that you have two members called "user" in the Demande class; remember that Demande is a subclass of Notification and gets its members. I've never tried that and it looks odd, and it's definitely going to be confusing. It might be what's causing your problem.
If you really want two "user" members, give them more suitable names (maybe "requester" and "responder"? Just guessing from the context). If you only want one "user", then you don't need to put it in Demande, it's already in Notification.

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