I am trying to print the entire contents of a file in C that was stored in a previous function. The file size was read and dynamic memory allocation was used accordingly to create space relative to the file size. A pointer (fp) was then used to point to the newly allocated space. Then, the contents of the file were read into the new space. (I think this is where my error is).
// gloabl variables
unsigned char *fp = 0; //pointer to navigate through the opened file.
unsigned char *fileStart = 0; // pointer to save the start address of the file, in case you need to go back to start of file
unsigned char fileSize = 0; // stores the size of file
/* Use dynamic memory allocation to store the entire contents of the file and let that memory be pointed by 'fp'.
Save the start of file in 'fileStart' so that you use it to go to start of file in other functions.
After opening the file, read the file size and use it for dynamic memory allocation to read entire file. */
void loadFile(const char *filename)
{
FILE *p = fopen(filename, "rb");
if (p == NULL) {
printf("File not created, errno = %d\n", errno);
return 1;
}
fseek(p, 0, SEEK_END); // seek to end of file
fileSize = ftell(p); // get current file pointer
fseek(p, 0, SEEK_SET); // seek back to beginning of file
printf("File loaded. File size = %#x bytes\n", fileSize);
fp = malloc(fileSize + 1);
fread(fp, fileSize, 1, p);
fileStart = &fp;
fclose(p);
}
/*Display file in hex.
Display neatly the content of the file as seen in hex editor.
Even after closing the file with fclose(), we have the contents of the file in memory pointed by 'fp' (or 'fileStart' in loadFile()).
So you don't have to open and read the file again.*/
void displayBmpFile()
{
printf("Hex view of loaded bmp file: \n");
while(!feof(fileStart))
printf("%d\t", fgetc(fileStart));
}
I recognize the error is in my first function. First, I am not sure if the contents of the file were stored properly. If the contents were stored properly, is fp correctly pointing to the file? Lastly, if everything previously is working correctly, does fileStart correctly point to the beginning of the file?
(The file is a small hex file of four square colors).
change unsigned char fileSize = 0; to size_t fileSize = 0;
(your bitmap will surely be larger that 255 bytes.)
Then (2) in void displayBmpFile() do size_t n = fileSize; unsigned char *p = fileStart;and while (n--) printf("%hhu\t", *p++);
Related
I need to copy the contents of a text file to a dynamically-allocated character array.
My problem is getting the size of the contents of the file; Google reveals that I need to use fseek and ftell, but for that the file apparently needs to be opened in binary mode, and that gives only garbage.
EDIT: I tried opening in text mode, but I get weird numbers. Here's the code (I've omitted simple error checking for clarity):
long f_size;
char* code;
size_t code_s, result;
FILE* fp = fopen(argv[0], "r");
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
f_size = ftell(fp); /* This returns 29696, but file is 85 bytes */
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
code_s = sizeof(char) * f_size;
code = malloc(code_s);
result = fread(code, 1, f_size, fp); /* This returns 1045, it should be the same as f_size */
The root of the problem is here:
FILE* fp = fopen(argv[0], "r");
argv[0] is your executable program, NOT the parameter. It certainly won't be a text file. Try argv[1], and see what happens then.
You cannot determine the size of a file in characters without reading the data, unless you're using a fixed-width encoding.
For example, a file in UTF-8 which is 8 bytes long could be anything from 2 to 8 characters in length.
That's not a limitation of the file APIs, it's a natural limitation of there not being a direct mapping from "size of binary data" to "number of characters."
If you have a fixed-width encoding then you can just divide the size of the file in bytes by the number of bytes per character. ASCII is the most obvious example of this, but if your file is encoded in UTF-16 and you happen to be on a system which treats UTF-16 code points as the "native" internal character type (which includes Java, .NET and Windows) then you can predict the number of "characters" to allocate as if UTF-16 were fixed width. (UTF-16 is variable width due to Unicode characters above U+FFFF being encoded in multiple code points, but a lot of the time developers ignore this.)
I'm pretty sure argv[0] won't be an text file.
Give this a try (haven't compiled this, but I've done this a bazillion times, so I'm pretty sure it's at least close):
char* readFile(char* filename)
{
FILE* file = fopen(filename,"r");
if(file == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
long int size = ftell(file);
rewind(file);
char* content = calloc(size + 1, 1);
fread(content,1,size,file);
return content;
}
If you're developing for Linux (or other Unix-like operating systems), you can retrieve the file-size with stat before opening the file:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
int main() {
struct stat file_stat;
if(stat("main.c", &file_stat) != 0) {
perror("could not stat");
return (1);
}
printf("%d\n", (int) file_stat.st_size);
return (0);
}
EDIT: As I see the code, I have to get into the line with the other posters:
The array that takes the arguments from the program-call is constructed this way:
[0] name of the program itself
[1] first argument given
[2] second argument given
[n] n-th argument given
You should also check argc before trying to use a field other than '0' of the argv-array:
if (argc < 2) {
printf ("Usage: %s arg1", argv[0]);
return (1);
}
argv[0] is the path to the executable and thus argv[1] will be the first user submitted input. Try to alter and add some simple error-checking, such as checking if fp == 0 and we might be ble to help you further.
You can open the file, put the cursor at the end of the file, store the offset, and go back to the top of the file, and make the difference.
You can use fseek for text files as well.
fseek to end of file
ftell the offset
fseek back to the begining
and you have size of the file
Kind of hard with no sample code, but fstat (or stat) will tell you how big the file is. You allocate the memory required, and slurp the file in.
Another approach is to read the file a piece at a time and extend your dynamic buffer as needed:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PAGESIZE 128
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *buf = NULL, *tmp = NULL;
size_t bufSiz = 0;
char inputBuf[PAGESIZE];
FILE *in;
if (argc < 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s filename\n", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
in = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (in)
{
/**
* Read a page at a time until reaching the end of the file
*/
while (fgets(inputBuf, sizeof inputBuf, in) != NULL)
{
/**
* Extend the dynamic buffer by the length of the string
* in the input buffer
*/
tmp = realloc(buf, bufSiz + strlen(inputBuf) + 1);
if (tmp)
{
/**
* Add to the contents of the dynamic buffer
*/
buf = tmp;
buf[bufSiz] = 0;
strcat(buf, inputBuf);
bufSiz += strlen(inputBuf) + 1;
}
else
{
printf("Unable to extend dynamic buffer: releasing allocated memory\n");
free(buf);
buf = NULL;
break;
}
}
if (feof(in))
printf("Reached the end of input file %s\n", argv[1]);
else if (ferror(in))
printf("Error while reading input file %s\n", argv[1]);
if (buf)
{
printf("File contents:\n%s\n", buf);
printf("Read %lu characters from %s\n",
(unsigned long) strlen(buf), argv[1]);
}
free(buf);
fclose(in);
}
else
{
printf("Unable to open input file %s\n", argv[1]);
}
return 0;
}
There are drawbacks with this approach; for one thing, if there isn't enough memory to hold the file's contents, you won't know it immediately. Also, realloc() is relatively expensive to call, so you don't want to make your page sizes too small.
However, this avoids having to use fstat() or fseek()/ftell() to figure out how big the file is beforehand.
I'm currently trying to read the full contents of a file on Windows, using C's fread function. This function requires the size of the buffer that is being read into to be passed as an argument. And because I want the whole file to be read, I need to pass in the size of the file in bytes.
I've tried getting the size of a file on Windows though the use of the Win32 API, more specifically using GetFileSizeEx. The below snippet is from an existing Stack Overflow answer.
__int64 GetFileSize(const char* name)
{
HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(name, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if(hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
return -1; // error condition, could call GetLastError to find out more
LARGE_INTEGER size;
if(!GetFileSizeEx(hFile, &size))
{
CloseHandle(hFile);
return -1; // error condition, could call GetLastError to find out more
}
CloseHandle(hFile);
return size.QuadPart;
}
The returned size from this function is bigger than the actual file size. After executing the following code block
FILE* file = fopen(path, "r");
long size = (long)GetFileSize(path);
char* buffer = new char[size + 1];
fread(buffer, 1, size, file);
buffer[size] = '\0';
the buffer contains garbage bytes at the end of it. I've checked by hand, and the returned size is surely bigger than the actual size in bytes.
I've tried the other methods described in the same Stack Overflow answer linked above, but they all result in garbage bytes at the end of the buffer.
FILE* file = fopen(path, "r"); should be FILE* file = fopen(path, "rb"); If you want an accurate size open the file in binary mode.
On Windows reading a file in text mode causes "\r\n" sequences to be converted to "\n", resulting in the apperance of fewer bytes being read than expected.
The standard way to read file size on any system using only C standard functions make use of fseek() and ftell() function:
#include <stdio.h>
long get_file_len(char *filename)
{
long int size=0;
FILE *fp= fopen ( filename , "rb" );
if (!fp)
return 0;
fseek (fp,0,SEEK_END); //move file pointer to end of file
size= ftell (fp);
fclose(fp);
return size;
}
As variant you can use also lseek():
#include <stdio.h>
long get_file_len(char *filename)
{
long int size=0;
FILE *fp= fopen ( filename , "rb" );
if (!fp)
return 0;
size = lseek (fp,0,SEEK_END); //move file pointer to end of file
fclose(fp);
return size;
}
You should open the file in binary mode and you should use fseek and ftell to get the file size, that is the portable way. That way you get rid of the windows text mode convertions.
FILE* file = fopen(path, "rb");
fseek(file,0,SEEK_END) ; //move to 0 bytes to the end
long size=ftell(file); //get the size (pos at end)
rewind(file); //same as fseek(file,0,SEEK_SET), move the position to the begining
char* buffer = new char[size + 1];
long bytes_read=fread(buffer, 1, size, file);
buffer[bytes_read]=0;
if (bytes_read!=size)
{
// check errors (feof)
}
I created a function that is successfully reading the binary file but it is not printing as I wanted.
The function:
void print_register() {
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("data.bin", "rb");
if (fp == NULL) {
error_message("Fail to open data.bin for reading");
exit(0);
}
reg buffer;
while (EOF != feof(fp)) {
fread(&buffer, sizeof(reg), 1, fp);
printf("%s %d %d\n", buffer.name, buffer.age, buffer.id);
}
fclose(fp);
}
Note: reg is a typedef for a struct:
typedef struct registers reg;
struct registers {
char name[30];
int age;
int id;
char end;
};
Function for writing the file:
void register_new() {
system("clear");
reg buffer;
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("data.bin", "ab");
if (fp == NULL) {
error_message("Error opening file data.bin");
exit(0);
}
write_register(buffer);
fwrite(&buffer, sizeof(reg), 1, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
Posting a printscreen of what was print to be more helpful:
As you can see on image, after the "p" (command for printing) is where should be the name, age and id of the struct.
In register_new(), you have to send the address of buffer in order for write_register() to work properly (right now you're giving it a copy of buffer).
Replace:
write_register(buffer);
with:
write_register(&buffer);
Then correct write_register to take and work with an address instead of a structure.
This might help you understand what's going on: http://fresh2refresh.com/c-programming/c-passing-struct-to-function
Your reading loop is incorrect. Don't use feof(), it can only tell is you have reached the end of file after a read attempt failed and it might not return EOF anyway, it is only specified as returning 0 or non 0. Use this instead:
while (fread(&buffer, sizeof(reg), 1, fp) == 1) {
printf("%s %d %d\n", buffer.name, buffer.age, buffer.id);
}
fread returns the number of items successfully read. Here you request to read 1 item of size sizeof(reg), if the item was read successfully, fread will return 1, otherwise it will return 0 (in case of a read error or end of file reached).
Your screenshot shows a syntax error, which you seem to have fixed now. Remove that, it is not helping.
In your function register_new, you are writing an uninitialized structure reg to the file, no wonder it does not contain anything useful when you read it back from the file. And for what it is worth, opening this file in binary mode is the correct thing to do since it contains binary data, namely the int members of the structure.
The reg passed to fwrite is indeed uninitialized. write_register gets a copy of this uninitialized structure by value, and probably modifies this copy, but this does not affect the local structure in register_new. You should modify write_register() to take a pointer to the structure. Unlike C++, there is no passing by reference in C.
I am new to C and was trying to write a program just to copy a file so that I could learn the basics of files. My code takes a file as input, figures out its length by subtracting its start from its end using fseek and ftell. Then, it uses fwrite to write, based on what I could get from its man page, ONE element of data, (END - START) elements long, to the stream pointed to by OUT, obtaining them from the location given by FI. The problem is, although it does produce "copy output," the file is not the same as the original. What am I doing wrong? I tried reading the input file into a variable and then writing from there, but that didn't help either. What am I doing wrong?
Thanks
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
FILE* fi = fopen(argv[1], "r"); //create the input file for reading
if (fi == NULL)
return 1; // check file exists
int start = ftell(fi); // get file start address
fseek(fi, 0, SEEK_END); // go to end of file
int end = ftell(fi); // get file end address
rewind(fi); // go back to file beginning
FILE* out = fopen("copy output", "w"); // create the output file for writing
fwrite(fi,end-start,1,out); // write the input file to the output file
}
Should this work?
{
FILE* out = fopen("copy output", "w");
int* buf = malloc(end-start); fread(buf,end-start,1,fi);
fwrite(buf,end-start,1,out);
}
This isn't how fwrite works.
To copy a file, you'd typically allocate a buffer, then use fread to read one buffer of data, followed by fwrite to write that data back out. Repeat until you've copied the entire file. Typical code is something on this general order:
#define SIZE (1024*1024)
char buffer[SIZE];
size_t bytes;
while (0 < (bytes = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), infile)))
fwrite(buffer, 1, bytes, outfile);
The first parameter of fwrite is a pointer to the data to be written to the file not a FILE* to read from. You have to read the data from the first file into a buffer then write that buffer to the output file. http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdio/fwrite/
Perhaps a look through an open-source copy tool in C would point you in the right direction.
Here is How It can be done:
Option 1: Dynamic "Array"
Nested Level: 0
// Variable Definition
char *cpArr;
FILE *fpSourceFile = fopen(<Your_Source_Path>, "rb");
FILE *fpTargetFile = fopen(<Your_Target_Path>, "wb");
// Code Section
// Get The Size Of bits Of The Source File
fseek(fpSourceFile, 0, SEEK_END); // Go To The End Of The File
cpArr = (char *)malloc(sizeof(*cpArr) * ftell(fpSourceFile)); // Create An Array At That Size
fseek(fpSourceFile, 0, SEEK_SET); // Return The Cursor To The Start
// Read From The Source File - "Copy"
fread(&cpArr, sizeof(cpArr), 1, fpSourceFile);
// Write To The Target File - "Paste"
fwrite(&cpArr, sizeof(cpArr), 1, fpTargetFile);
// Close The Files
fclose(fpSourceFile);
fclose(fpTargetFile);
// Free The Used Memory
free(cpArr);
Option 2: Char By Char
Nested Level: 1
// Variable Definition
char cTemp;
FILE *fpSourceFile = fopen(<Your_Source_Path>, "rb");
FILE *fpTargetFile = fopen(<Your_Target_Path>, "wb");
// Code Section
// Read From The Source File - "Copy"
while(fread(&cTemp, 1, 1, fpSourceFile) == 1)
{
// Write To The Target File - "Paste"
fwrite(&cTemp, 1, 1, fpTargetFile);
}
// Close The Files
fclose(fpSourceFile);
fclose(fpTargetFile);
I am reaing from a file, and when i read, it takes it line by line, and prints it
what i want exactly is i want an array of char holding all the chars in the file and print it once,
this is the code i have
if(strcmp(str[0],"#")==0)
{
FILE *filecomand;
//char fname[40];
char line[100];
int lcount;
///* Read in the filename */
//printf("Enter the name of a ascii file: ");
//fgets(History.txt, sizeof(fname), stdin);
/* Open the file. If NULL is returned there was an error */
if((filecomand = fopen(str[1], "r")) == NULL)
{
printf("Error Opening File.\n");
//exit(1);
}
lcount=0;
int i=0;
while( fgets(line, sizeof(line), filecomand) != NULL ) {
/* Get each line from the infile */
//lcount++;
/* print the line number and data */
//printf("%s", line);
}
fclose(filecomand); /* Close the file */
You need to determine the size of the file. Once you have that, you can allocate an array large enough and read it in a single go.
There are two ways to determine the size of the file.
Using fstat:
struct stat stbuffer;
if (fstat(fileno(filecommand), &stbuffer) != -1)
{
// file size is in stbuffer.st_size;
}
With fseek and ftell:
if (fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END) == 0)
{
long size = ftell(fp)
if (size != -1)
{
// succesfully got size
}
// Go back to start of file
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
}
Another solution would be to map the entire file to the memory and then treat it as a char array.
Under windows MapViewOfFile, and under unix mmap.
Once you mapped the file (plenty of examples), you get a pointer to the file's beginning in the memory. Cast it to char[].
Since you can't assume how big the file is, you need to determine the size and then dynamically allocate a buffer.
I won't post the code, but here's the general scheme. Use fseek() to navigate to the end of file, ftell() to get size of the file, and fseek() again to move the start of the file. Allocate a char buffer with malloc() using the size you found. The use fread() to read the file into the buffer. When you are done with the buffer, free() it.
Use a different open. i.e.
fd = open(str[1], O_RDONLY|O_BINARY) /* O_BINARY for MS */
The read statement would be for a buffer of bytes.
count = read(fd,buf, bytecount)
This will do a binary open and read on the file.