Not sure exactly, but it makes various time I got a Error: variable is not properly set. in creation procedures' calling order. I figured out that creating class attributes before calling default_create seemed to solve the problem. Why is that so? It doesn't seem that default_create calls something in my make routine??!!!
Try to make an example even if I don't think I can reproduce it with a simple example...
Working
class A
feature
attr: B
make
do
create attr
default_create
end
end
Error: variable is not properly set.
class A
feature
attr: B
make
do
default_create
create attr
end
end
default_create makes some calls. There may be a call on Current (direct or indirect, e.g. if Current is passed somewhere as an argument). If the attribute attr is not set at this point, the current object is not completely initialized and using it in regular feature calls may lead to calls on Void target (due to polymorphism, in particular). In order to avoid this issue, it is required to set all attributes before any calls involving Current.
Related
Inside the agent, I have seen uvm_component creation like
apb_monitor m_monitor;
m_monitor=apb_monitor::type_id::create("monitor_name_aaa", this);
m_monitor.analysis_port.connect(analysis_port);
Here we can see that when referring to the hierarchy, we still need to put m_monitor.* rather than monitor_name_aaa.*.
My questions are
What is exactly the purpose of this name property 'monitor_name_aaa'
for?
I have seen in many places people says best way is to put the name = 'm_monitor', same as the m_monitor. If this is true, then why not the methodology just built in this feature directly?
Another point is that If I do get_type_name(), then I see the it is using the name property, like m_env.m_agent.monitor_name_aaa instead.
Thanks!
In UVM it is useful to be able to refer to components either using their SystemVerilog hierarchical name directly or as the string equivalent. (There's the answer to Q1.) Unlike in VHDL, in SystemVerilog there is no way of finding out what the name of a variable is. So, when you create a component, you have to manually set this up. (There's the answer to Q2).
As you point out, you must always make the name of the component the same as the name of the variable pointing to it ("m_monitor" in this case), otherwise you will not have this useful ability to refer to components either by SystemVerilog hierarchical reference or by the equivalent string.
Newbie Gatling+Scala question: I’m using George Leung's gatling-grpc library (which is modeled after the http library) and trying to pass a value from the session (generated in a feeder), into a non-DSL, non-Gatling method call, specifically calls populating the gRPC payload object.
Before I start, let me add that it seems I can’t use the sessionFunction (Expression[T]) form of exec, which would resolve my issue:
.exec{ session => { … grpc(…).rpc(…)… }}
…because, AFAICT, the grpc call must be the last thing in the block, or else it’s never evaluated ... yet it can’t be the last thing in the block because there’s no way to coerce it to return a Session object (again, AFAICT).
Therefore, I have to use the ActionBuilder form of exec (grpc(...) returns a Call so this is as designed):
.exec( grpc(…).rpc(…)... )
and this works… until I have a gRPC payload (i.e., non-Gatling) method call to which I need to pass a non-constant value (from a feeder).
In this context, I have no access to a Session object, and the Gatling Expression Language is not applied because the library defining the gRPC types I need to use (to generate the payload) has no knowledge of Gatling.
So, in this fragment:
.header(transactionIdHeader)("${tid}.SAVE")
.payload(Student.newBuilder()
.setId(GlobalId.newBuilder().setValue("${authid}_${uniqId}").build()).build())
)
…the first call evaluates ${tid} because the param in the second parens is Expression[T], and hence is evaluated as Expression Language, but the second call fails to evaluate ${authid} or ${uniqId} because the external, generated library that defines the gRPC type GlobalId has no knowledge of Gatling.
So...
Is there a way to invoke the EL outside of Gatling's DSL?
Or a way to access a Session object via an ActionBuilder?
(I see that the Gatling code magically finds a Session object when I use the sessionFunction form, but I can't see whence it comes — even looking at the bytecode is not illuminating)
Or, turning back to the Expression[T] form of exec, is there a way to have an ActionBuilder return a Session object?
Or, still in the Expression[T] form, I could trivially pass back the existing Session object, if I had a way to ensure the grpc()... expression was evaluated (i.e., imperative programming).
Gatling 3.3.1, Scala 2.12.10
The gatling-grpc library is at phiSgr/gatling-grpc; I'm using version 0.7.0 (com.github.phisgr:gatling-grpc).
(The gRPC Java code is generated from .proto files, of course.)
You need the Gatling-JavaPB integration.
To see that in action, see here.
The .payload method takes an Expression[T], which is an alias for Session => Validation[T]. In plain English, that is a function that constructs the payload from the session with a possibility of failure.
Much of your frustration is not knowing how to get hold of a Session. I hope this clears up the confusion.
In the worst case one can write a lambda to create an expression. But for string interpolation or accessing one single object, Gatling provides an implicit conversation to turn an EL String into an Expression.
The problem is you want to construct well-typed payloads and Gatling's EL cannot help with that. The builders’ setters want a T, but you only have an Expression[T] (either from EL or the $ function). The library mentioned above is created to handle that plumbing.
After importing com.github.phisgr.gatling.javapb._, you should write the following.
...
.payload(
Student.getDefaultInstance
.update(_.getIdBuilder.setValue)("${authid}_${uniqId}")
)
For the sake of completeness, see the warning in Gatling's documentation for why defining actions in .exec(sessionFunction) is not going to work.
I'm trying to see if I can query all execution mitigation policies for a process in one call to GetProcessMitigationPolicy() function (or similarly set them via a call to SetProcessMitigationPolicy() function) instead of doing them individually, one-by-one.
The MSDN page suggests using ProcessMitigationOptionsMask parameter for that, but I'm not really sure how to use it, or what mask are they referring to?
Can someone show an example?
From my understanding the attributes of a Backbone.js model are supposed to be declared as somewhat private member variables by saying
this.set({ attributeName: attributeValue })
// accessing the value
this.get('attributeName');
But when I am writing functions whitin the actual model it seems much simpler to say like this:
this.attributeName = attributeValue;
// accessing the value
this.attributeName;
Also I would assume that the latter version would be faster to process since it doesn't go through backbone.js's event management.
So I was wondering how you pros do with attributes that are primarily used internally in the model. These are the attributes that one would actually want to be a bit shielded from the outside so having them exposed like in the latter example maybe isn't right still. When I have been looking at examples for the backbone.js view which doesn't have get and set methods it seems fine to do like in the second example. So is there any nice rule of thumb when to use get/set(attribute) or this.attribute when coding within the model? Or maybe an example of a model that makes this clearer?
When to use model.get(property) and model.set(...)
You should use get and set to access the model's data. This means any attributes that are part of the model's serialized representation that is retrieved using fetch and persisted using save.
When to use model.attributes.property
Never.
You should always use get, and especially set, instead of accessing the model.attributes object directly, although I've seen conflicting opinions about this. I believe there is a contract between a model and it's consumers, which guarantees that the consumer can be notified of any changes to the model's data using the change event. If you modify the internal attributes object directly, events are not sent and this contract is broken. Backbone events are very fast, especially if you don't have any listeners attached to them, and it's not a point that benefits from over-optimization on your part.
Although accessing the attributes directly instead of get is quite harmless on it's own, it should be avoided so the attributes object can be considered totally, completely private.
If you absolutely need to prevent some change triggering events, you can use the silent:true option: model.set({key:val}, {silent:true}). This does break the aforementioned contract, and even Backbone's own documentation gives the following caveat:
Note that this is rarely, perhaps even never, a good idea. Passing through a specific flag in the options for your event callback to look at, and choose to ignore, will usually work out better.
When to use model.property
Any properties which are not data, i.e. temporary state variables, calculated properties etc. can be attached directly to the model entity. These properties should be considered temporary and transitive: they can be recreated upon model initialization or during its lifetime, but they should not be persisted, whether public or private. A typical naming convention is to prefix private properties with the _ character as follows:
this._privateProperty = 'foo';
this.publicProperty = 'bar';
Never is an incomplete answer.
Sometimes you want access to the collection of model attributes - whatever those attributes might be. Consider a utility method to perform calcs on attributes, format them for output, etc.
A convenient way to do this is to access model.attributes
Consider one alternative, below:
var attributesNames = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'];
var attributes = _(attributesNames ).map(function(attr) { return model.get(attr); });
callSomeUtilityMethod(attributes);
Two problems:
We've introduced coupling in the "attributeNames" collection. What if that list changes?
We've lost the association of name/value. We could rewrite the map above, but it becomes more work.
In this scenario, it's much more convenient to do something like this:
callSomeUtilityMethod(model.attributes);
We have some SSRS reports that are failing when two of them are executed very close together.
I've found out that if two instances of an SSRS report run at the same time, any Code variables declared at the class level (not inside a function) can collide. I suspect this may be the cause of our report failures and I'm working up a potential fix.
The reason we're using the Code portion of SSRS at all is for things like custom group and page header calculation. The code is called from expressions in TextBoxes and returns what the current label should be. The code needs to maintain state to remember what the last header value was in order return it when unknown or to store the new header value for reuse.
Note: here are my resources for the variable collision problem:
The MSDN SSRS Forum:
Because this uses static variables, if two people run the report at the exact same
moment, there's a slim chance one will smash the other's variable state (In SQL 2000,
this could occasionally happen due to two users paginating through the same report at
the same time, not just due to exactly simultaneous executions). If you need to be 100%
certain to avoid this, you can make each of the shared variables a hash table based on
user ID (Globals!UserID).
Embedded Code in Reporting Services:
... if multiple users are executing the report with this code at the same time, both
reports will be changing the same Count field (that is why it is a shared field). You
don’t want to debug these sorts of interactions – stick to shared functions using only
local variables (variables passed ByVal or declared in the function body).
I guess the idea is that on the report generation server, the report is loaded and the Code module is a static class. If a second clients ask for the same report as another quickly enough, it connects to the same instance of that static class. (You're welcome to correct my description if I'm getting this wrong.)
So, I was proceeding with the idea of using a hash table to keep things isolated. I was planning on the hash key being an internal report parameter called InstanceID with default =Guid.NewGuid().ToString().
Part way through my research into this, though, I found that it is even more complicated because Hashtables aren't thread-safe, according to Maintaining State in Reporting Services.
That writer has code similar to what I was developing, only the whole thread-safe thing is completely outside my experience. It's going to take me hours to research all this and put together sensible code that I can be confident of and that performs well.
So before I go too much farther, I'm wondering if anyone else has already been down this path and could give me some advice. Here's the code I have so far:
Private Shared Data As New System.Collections.Hashtable()
Public Shared Function Initialize() As String
If Not Data.ContainsKey(Parameters!InstanceID.Value) Then
Data.Add(Parameters!InstanceID.Value, New System.Collections.Hashtable())
End If
LetValue("SomethingCount", 0)
Return ""
End Function
Private Shared Function GetValue(ByVal Name As String) As Object
Return Data.Item(Parameters!InstanceID.Value).Item(Name)
End Function
Private Shared Sub LetValue(ByVal Name As String, ByVal Value As Object)
Dim V As System.Collections.Hashtable = Data.Item(Parameters!InstanceID.Value)
If Not V.ContainsKey(Name) Then
V.Add(Name, Value)
Else
V.Item(Name) = Value
End If
End Sub
Public Shared Function SomethingCount() As Long
SomethingCount = GetValue("SomethingCount") + 1
LetValue("SomethingCount", SomethingCount)
End Function
My biggest concern here is thread safety. I might be able to figure out the rest of the questions below, but I am not experienced with this and I know it is an area that it is EASY to go wrong in. The link above uses the method Dim _sht as System.Collections.Hashtable = System.Collections.Hashtable.Synchronized(_hashtable). Is that best? What about Mutex? Semaphore? I have no experience in this.
I think the namespace System.Collections for Hashtable is correct, but I'm having trouble adding System.Collections as a reference in my report to try to cure my current error of "Could not load file or assembly 'System.Collections'". When I browse to add the reference, it's not an available component to select.
I just confirmed that I can call code from a parameter's default value expression, so I'll put my Initialize code there. I also just found out about the OnInit procedure, but this has its own gotchas to research and work around: the Parameters collection may not be referenced from the OnInit method during parameter initialization.
I'm unsure about declaring the Data variable as New, perhaps it should be only be instantiated in the initializer if not already done (but I worry about race conditions because of the delay between the check that it's empty and the instantiation of it).
I also have a question about the Shared keyword. Is it necessary in all cases? I get errors if I leave it off function declarations, but it appears to work when I leave it off the variable declaration. Testing multiple simultaneous report executions is difficult... Could someone explain what Shared means specifically in the context of SSRS Code?
Is there a better way to initialize variables? Should I provide a second parameter to the GetValue function which is the default value to use if it finds that the variable doesn't exist in the hashtable yet?
Is it better to have nested Hashtables as I chose in my implementation, or to concatenate my InstanceID with the variable name to have a flat hashtable?
I'd really appreciate guidance, ideas and/or critiques on any aspect of what I've presented here.
Thank you!
Erik
Your code looks fine. For thread safety only the root (shared) hashtable Data needs to be synchronised. If you want to avoid using your InstanceID you could use Globals.ExecutionTime and User.UserID concatenated.
Basically I think you just want to change to initialize like this:
Private Shared Data As System.Collections.Hashtable
If Data Is Nothing Then
Set Data = Hashtable.Synchronized(New System.Collections.Hashtable())
End If
The contained hashtables should only be used by one thread at a time anyway, but if in doubt, you could synchronize them too.