I am making a list of Images with Tags so I decided to make a SQLite Database with ImagesPath and Tags. I know that I have to combine these two tables in the state many do many but i really don't know how.
I have three tables:
1)ImagesPath (INT id, TEXT imagePath)
2)Tags(INT id, TEXT title)
3)ImageTag(INT id, image_id, tag_id)
in this fields I have to reference to ImagesPath.id and Tags.id but I dont know how. Can anybody help me?
You use JOIN's for example you could use :-
SELECT imagePath, title FROM ImagesPath
JOIN ImageTag ON image_id = ImagesPath.id
JOIN Tags ON tag_id = Tags.id
join-clause
Working Example
Consider the following which drops and creates the 3 tables and then populates the tables and then finally runs a query :-
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ImagesPath;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Tags;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ImageTag;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ImagesPath (id INTEGER, ImagePath TEXT);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Tags (id INTEGER, title TEXT);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ImageTag (id INTEGER, Image_id INTEGER, Tag_id INTEGER);
INSERT INTO ImagesPath (id,Imagepath) VALUES (1,'Image1'),(2,'Image2'),(3,'Image3');
INSERT INTO Tags (id,title) VALUES (1,'TagA'),(2,'TagB'),(3,'TagC');
INSERT INTO ImageTag (Image_id,Tag_id) VALUES (1,3),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,3);
SELECT imagePath, title FROM ImagesPath
JOIN ImageTag ON image_id = ImagesPath.id
JOIN Tags ON tag_id = Tags.id;
The result will be :-
Note that no values have been assigned to the id column of the ImageTag table, this value would probably be of little use as the ImageTag table is basically mapping image to tag(s) (allowing many to many relationships).
Note that you have to be a little careful with amibiguities e.g. there are 3 id columns hence id being prefixed with the table name and a period seperator as per ImagesPath.id and also Tags.id
Related
I am trying to split a column('categories') of a Table 'movies_titles' which has string separated data values in it.
e.g:
ID title categories
1 Movie A Comedy, Drama, Romance
2 Movie B Animation
3 Movie C Documentary, Life changing
I want to split the comma delimited string and place each values in a separate rows and update the table
-- this query shows the splitted strings as I want it
SELECT *
FROM dbo.movies_titles
CROSS APPLY
string_split(categories, ',')
O/P:
ID title categories value
1 Movie A Comedy, Drama, Romance Comedy
1 Movie A Comedy, Drama, Romance Drama
1 Movie A Comedy, Drama, Romance Romance
2 Movie B Animation Animation
3 Movie C Documentary, Life changing Documentary
3 Movie C Documentary, Life changing Life changing
I want to use UPDATE query to set the result obtained from value column. I just don't want to use SELECT query to view the result but permanently update the changes to the table. How do I achieve this in sql server?
You can do something similar to your intention creating new rows, because the update statement won't create the additional rows made by the split.
There can be issues if the ID column is unique, like a primary key, and there is the need to keep the title associated with that column.
I've created two scenarios on DB Fiddle, showing how you can do this using only one table as the question instructed, but a better alternative would be to save this information on another table.
This code on DB Fiddle: link
--Assuming your table is something like this
create table movies_id_as_pk (
ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
title varchar(200),
categories varchar(200),
category varchar(200)
)
--Or this
create table movies_other_pk (
another_id int identity(1,1) primary key,
ID int,
title varchar(200),
categories varchar(200),
category varchar(200)
)
--The example data
set identity_insert movies_id_as_pk on
insert into movies_id_as_pk (ID, title, categories) values
(1, 'Movie A', 'Comedy, Drama, Romance'),
(2, 'Movie B', 'Animation'),
(3, 'Movie C', 'Documentary, Life changing')
set identity_insert movies_id_as_pk off
insert into movies_other_pk (ID, title, categories)
select ID, title, categories from movies_id_as_pk
--You can't update directly any of the tables, because as the result of the split
--have more rows than the table, it would just leave the first value found:
update m set category = rtrim(ltrim(s.value))
from movies_id_as_pk m
cross apply string_split(m.categories, ',') as s
update m set category = rtrim(ltrim(s.value))
from movies_other_pk m
cross apply string_split(m.categories, ',') as s
select * from movies_id_as_pk
select * from movies_other_pk
--What you can do is create the aditional rows, inserting them:
--First, let's undo what the last instructions have changed
update movies_id_as_pk set category=NULL
update movies_other_pk set category=NULL
--Then use inserts to create the rows with the categories split
insert into movies_id_as_pk (title, category)
select m.title, rtrim(ltrim(s.value))
from movies_id_as_pk m
cross apply string_split(m.categories, ',') as s
insert into movies_other_pk (ID, title, category)
select m.ID, m.title, rtrim(ltrim(s.value))
from movies_other_pk m
cross apply string_split(m.categories, ',') as s
select * from movies_id_as_pk
select * from movies_other_pk
It actually is possible to insert or update at the same time. That is to say: we can update each row with a single category, then create new rows for the extra ones.
We can use MERGE for this. We can use the same table as source and target. We just need to split the source, then add a row-number partitioned per each original row. We then filter the ON clause to match only the first row.
WITH Source AS (
SELECT
m.ID,
m.title,
category = TRIM(cat.value),
rn = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY (SELECT NULL))
FROM movies m
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(m.categories, ',') cat
)
MERGE movies t
USING Source s
ON s.ID = t.ID AND s.rn = 1
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE
SET categories = s.category
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (ID, title, categories)
VALUES (s.ID, s.title, s.category)
;
db<>fiddle
I wouldn't necessarily recommend this as a general solution though, because it appears you actually have other normalization problems to sort out first. You should really have separate tables for all this information:
Movie
Category
MovieCategory
I have a Product table which keeps on adding rows with product_id and price . It has millions of rows.
It has a product_id as Primary key like below.
CREATE TABLE ProductPrice(
product_id VARCHAR2(10),
prod_date DATE ,
price NUMBER(8,0) ,
PRIMARY KEY (product_id)
)
Now this has millions of rows and to get the latest price it get a lot of time.
So to manage the latest price, I have created another table which will keep only the latest price with same format.
CREATE TABLE ProductPriceLatest(
product_id VARCHAR2(10),
prod_date DATE ,
price NUMBER(8,0) ,
PRIMARY KEY (product_id)
)
And on every insert on original table, i will write a trigger which will update the row in this table.
But how can i get the newly inserted values inside the trigger body?
I have tried something like this:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TRIG_HISTory
AFTER INSERT
on ProductPriceLatest
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
BEGIN
UPDATE latest_price
SET price = NEW.price ,
WHERE product_id = NEW.product_id ;
END;
Thanks in advance.
You need to use the :new keyword to differentiate with :old values. Also, better use AFTER trigger:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TRIG_HISTORY
AFTER INSERT ON source_table_name
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
BEGIN
MERGE INTO dest_table_name d
USING (select :new.price p, :new.product_id p_id from dual) s
ON (d.product_id = s.p_id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET d.price = s.p
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (price, product_id)
VALUES (s.p, s.p_id);
END;
Retrieving the latest price from your first table should be fast if you have the correct index. Building the correct index on your ProductPrice table is a far better solution to your problem than trying to maintain a separate table.
Your query to get the latest prices would look like this.
SELECT p.product_id, p.prod_date, p.price
FROM ProductPrice p
JOIN (
SELECT product_id, MAX(prod_date) latest_prod_date
FROM ProductPrice
GROUP BY product_id
) m ON p.product_id = m.product_id
AND p.prod_date = m.latest_prod_date
WHERE p.product_id = ????
This works because the subquery looks up the latest product date for each product. It then uses that information to find the right row in the table to show you.
If you create a compound index on (product_id, prod_date, price) this query will run almost miraculously fast. That's because the query planner can find the correct index item in O(log n) time or better.
You can make it into a view like this:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ProductPriceLatest AS
SELECT p.product_id, p.prod_date, p.price
FROM ProductPrice p
JOIN (
SELECT product_id, MAX(prod_date) latest_prod_date
FROM ProductPrice
GROUP BY product_id
) m ON p.product_id = m.product_id
AND p.prod_date = m.latest_prod_date;
Then you can use the view like this:
SELECT * FROM ProductPriceLatest WHERE product_id = ???
and get the same high performance.
This is easier, less error-prone, and just as fast as creating a separate table and maintaining it. By the way, DBMS jargon for the table you propose to create is materialized view.
I have a problem where I need to check that two columns in each table in a database are unique.
We have the database with barcode entries called uid and rid.
Table 1: T1.uid
And
Table 2: T2.rid
No barcodes in the two table columns must be the same.
How can we ensure that.
If a insertion of a barcode into table T1.uid matches an entry in
T2.rid we want to throw an error.
The tables are cleaned up and is in a consistent state where the entries in
T1.uid and T2.rid are unique over both table columns.
It is not possible to insert NULL values in the tables respective uid and tid column(T1.uid and T2.rid)
It is not possible to create a new table for all barcodes.
Because we don't have full control of the database server.
EDIT 19-02-2015
This solution cannot work for us, because we cannot make a new table
to keep track of the unique names(see table illustration).
We want to have a constraint over two columns in different tables without changing the schema.
Per the illustration we want to make it impossible for john to exist in
T2 because he already exists in table T1. So an error must be "thrown"
when we try to insert John in T2.Name.
The reason is that we have different suppliers that inserts into these tables
in different ways, if we change the schema layout, all suppliers would
need to change their database queries. The total work is just to much,
if we force every suppplier to make changes.
So we need something unobtrusive, that doesnt require the suppliers to change
their code.
A example could be that T1.Name is unique and do not accept NULL values.
If we try insert an existing name, like "Alan", then an exception will occur
because the column has unique values.
But we want to check for uniqueness in T2.Name at the same time.
The new inserted value should be unique over the two tables.
Maybe something like this:
SELECT uid FROM Table1
Where Exists (
SELECT rid FROM Table2
WHERE Table1.uid = rid )
This will show all rows from Table1 where their column uid has an equivalent in column rid of Table2.
The condition before the insertion happens could look like below. #Idis the id you need to insert the data for.
DECLARE #allowed INT;
SELECT #allowed = COUNT(*)
FROM
(
SELECT T1.uid FROM T1 WHERE T1.uid = #Id
UNION ALL
SELECT T2.rid FROM T2 WHERE T2.rid = #id
)
WHERE
#id IS NOT NULL;
IF #allowed = 0
BEGIN
---- insert allowed
SELECT 0;
END
Thanks to all who answered.
I have solved the problem. A trigger is added to the database
everytime an insert or update procedure is executed, we catch it
check that the value(s) to be inserted doens't exist in the columns of the two
tables. if that check is succesfull we exceute the original query.
Otherwise we rollback the query.
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/25600/Triggers-SQL-Server
Instead Of Triggers
I have a table's structure:
[Subjects]:
id int Identity Specification yes
Deleted bit
[Juridical]:
id int
Name varchar
typeid int
[Individual]:
id int
Name varchar
Juridical and Individual it's a children classes of Subjects class. So it's mean that same rows in tables Individual and Subjects have a same id.
Now I have a table:
[MyTable]:
typeid varchar
Name varchar
And I want to select data from this table and insert it into my table structure. But I don't know what to do. I tried to use OUTPUT:
INSERT INTO [Individual](Name)
OUTPUT false
INTO [Subjects].[Deleted]
SELECT [MyTable].[Name] as Name
FROM [MyTable]
WHERE [MyTable].[type] = 'Indv'
But the syntax is not correct.
Just use:
INSERT INTO Individual(Name)
SELECT [MyTable].[Name] as Name
FROM [MyTable]
WHERE [MyTable].[type] = 'Indv'
and
INSERT INTO Subjects(Deleted)
SELECT [MyTable].[Name] as Name
FROM [MyTable]
WHERE [MyTable].[type] = 'Indv'
You can't insert in a single query in two tables, you need two separate queries for that. For that reason I split your initial query into two INSERT statements, to add records to both your Individual and Subjects table.
Just as #marc_s said, you must select the exact number of columns in your SELECT statement with the number of columns you want to insert data into your tables.
Other than these two constraints, which are both related to syntax, you are fully allowed to do any filtering in the SELECT part or make any complex logic as you would do in a normal SELECT query.
You need to use this syntax:
INSERT INTO [Individual] (Name)
SELECT [MyTable].[Name]
FROM [MyTable]
WHERE [MyTable].[type] = 'Indv'
You should define the list of column to insert into in the INSERT INTO line, and then you must have a SELECT that returns exactly that many columns as you need (and the column types need to match, too)
I currently have a table like this:
Stuff
----------
StuffId identity int not null
Description nvarchar(4000) null
...
I want to store the Description in a separate table that I have set aside specifically for user-generated content:
Content
----------
ContentId identity int not null
Content nvarchar(max) not null
...
(this table already exists, and other tables already reference entries in it.)
So I need to:
Create a DescriptionContentId field on the Stuff table with a foreign key constraint.
Copy the current Description content into the Content table.
Set each DescriptionContentId to have the ContentId value that was automatically generated when inserting values in step 2.
Drop the Description column.
I know how to do steps 1 and 4, but steps 2 and 3 are eluding me, because they need to be done pretty much simultaneously. This seems like it would be a fairly common schema change. What's the best way to do it?
Update
I'm a step closer thanks to the Output keyword, but I'm still missing something. Here's what I'd like to do:
create table #tmp (StuffId int, ContentId int)
insert into Content(Content)
output s.StuffId, inserted.ContentId
into #tmp(StuffId, ContentId)
select Description
from Stuff s
where Description IS NOT NULL
But I can't reference s.StuffId because it isn't one of the fields inserted into the Content table. How can I correlate the ID of the Stuff with the ID of the Content as I'm inserting a new Content item for each Stuff entry?
The output clause will come to your rescue.
It will output the description and the identity column from the insert into a table varaible and then you can use that data to update the other table.
If description is not unique, you may have to do the following:
add a column for the stuffID column to the content table. Then output the stuffid and content id from the insert, update the table using the stuffid to ensure uniqueness, Drop the stuffid column from the content table.
an example from Books Online as to how to use the OUTPUT
DECLARE #MyTableVar table(
LastName nvarchar(20) NOT NULL,
FirstName nvarchar(20) NOT NULL,
CurrentSales money NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO dbo.EmployeeSales (LastName, FirstName, CurrentSales)
OUTPUT INSERTED.LastName,
INSERTED.FirstName,
INSERTED.CurrentSales
INTO #MyTableVar
SELECT c.LastName, c.FirstName, sp.SalesYTD
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
INNER JOIN Sales.SalesPerson AS sp
ON e.EmployeeID = sp.SalesPersonID
INNER JOIN Person.Contact AS c
ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID
WHERE e.EmployeeID LIKE '2%'
ORDER BY c.LastName, c.FirstName;