TSQL Manager Hierarchy - sql-server

Question

I need to be able to show all my managers in a hierarchy in different columns. I don't know how many levels there will be.
Example: Employee – ManagerOfEmployee - TheBigBoss
I have tried the below but cant get it to work the way I want it.
I need the results to look like this:
Level1Column Level2Column Level3Column
------------------------------------------
1 2 3
Code:
CREATE TABLE #tblHRData
(
Emplid INT,
ReportsToEmplid INT
)
INSERT INTO #tblHRData (Emplid, ReportsToEmplid)
VALUES (1, 2), (2, 3)
;WITH CTE AS
(
SELECT
Emplid,
ReportsToEmplid,
1 AS level
FROM
#tblHRData
WHERE
Emplid = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT
child.Emplid,
child.ReportsToEmplid,
level + 1
FROM
#tblHRData child
JOIN
CTE parent ON child.ReportsToEmplid = parent.Emplid
)
SELECT *
FROM CTE;

Answer 1

With an unknown depth you will have to go the dynamic SQL route. But such cases tend to have a maximal depth. As your columns will have computable names, you can try this:
I enhanced your table a bit:
CREATE TABLE #tblHRData
(
Emplid INT,
ReportsToEmplid INT,
Descr VARCHAR(100)
)
INSERT INTO #tblHRData (Emplid, ReportsToEmplid, Descr)
VALUES (1, 2, 'lvl 3.2.1') --boss is 2
,(2, 3, 'lvl 3.2') --boss is 3
,(3,null, 'big boss')--big boss reports to no one
,(4, 3, 'lvl 3.4') --one more 2nd lvl
,(5, 4, 'lvl 3.4.5') --below 4
,(6, 4, 'lvl 3.4.6') --another one below 4
-- And I changed the recursive CTE to start off with the big boss and to build a sort string on the fly. In this case this is limited to 3 digits. You'll have to widen this with Emplids exceeding 999:
;WITH CTE AS
(
SELECT
Emplid,
ReportsToEmplid,
Descr,
0 AS EmpLvl,
CAST(REPLACE(STR(Emplid,3),' ','0') AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS SortOrder
FROM
#tblHRData
WHERE
ReportsToEmplid IS NULL --start with the big boss
UNION ALL
SELECT
child.Emplid,
child.ReportsToEmplid,
child.Descr,
parent.EmpLvl + 1,
parent.SortOrder + REPLACE(STR(child.Emplid,3),' ','0')
FROM
#tblHRData child
JOIN
CTE parent ON child.ReportsToEmplid = parent.Emplid
)
SELECT Emplid,
SortOrder,
MAX(CASE WHEN EmpLvl=0 THEN Descr END) AS BossDescr,
MAX(CASE WHEN EmpLvl=1 THEN Descr END) AS Lvl1Descr,
MAX(CASE WHEN EmpLvl=2 THEN Descr END) AS Lvl2Descr,
MAX(CASE WHEN EmpLvl=3 THEN Descr END) AS Lvl3Descr,
MAX(CASE WHEN EmpLvl=4 THEN Descr END) AS Lvl4Descr,
MAX(CASE WHEN EmpLvl=5 THEN Descr END) AS Lvl5Descr
--add as many as you need and add some more to be future safe
FROM CTE
GROUP BY EmpLvl,Emplid,SortOrder
ORDER BY SortOrder;
GO
DROP TABLE #tblHRData
The result
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Emplid | SortOrder | BossDescr | Lvl1Descr | Lvl2Descr | Lvl3Descr | Lvl4Descr | Lvl5Descr |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 3 | 003 | big boss | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2 | 003002 | NULL | lvl 3.2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 1 | 003002001 | NULL | NULL | lvl 3.2.1 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 4 | 003004 | NULL | lvl 3.4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 5 | 003004005 | NULL | NULL | lvl 3.4.5 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 6 | 003004006 | NULL | NULL | lvl 3.4.6 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
Some remarks:
- I use the conditional aggregation as PIVOT approach. With just one column this can be done with PIVOT() too.
- The SortOrder is important to be created in the recursion. It is kind of the path to the entry and will allow you to order your result-set.
- This path must allow alphanumerical sorting. Therefore I concatenate padded strings.