I have 2 classes: one with 2 properties and one with an array. I want to make an array of objects of the first class.
The example compiles, but gives a wrong answer. Why?
[indent=4]
class data
prop first_name : string = " "
prop last_name : string = " "
class Arr : Object
person : data
dataset : array of data[]
init
person = new data()
dataset = new array of data[3]
def date_input()
print "\n data input \n"
person.first_name = "Egon"
person.last_name = "Meier"
dataset[0] = person
print dataset[0].first_name + " " + dataset[0].last_name
person.first_name = "John"
person.last_name = "Schneider"
dataset[1] = person
print dataset[1].first_name + " " + dataset[1].last_name
person.first_name = "Erwin"
person.last_name = "Müller"
dataset[2] = person
print dataset[2].first_name + " " + dataset[2].last_name
def date_output()
print "\n data output \n"
for i : int = 0 to 2
print dataset[i].first_name + " " + dataset[i].last_name
init
Intl.setlocale()
var a = new Arr()
a.date_input()
a.date_output()
The fundamental problem is you are referring to the same person three times, but changing their name each time. In Genie there are both value types and reference types. Value types are simpler and automatically copied on assignment. For example:
[indent=4]
init
a:int = 2
b:int = a
b = 3
print( "a is still %i", a )
A reference type has the advantage that it can be easily copied, Genie simply keeps a count of the references made. So to copy a reference type the reference count is increased by one, but this means that changes to the underlying object will affect all variables that refer to it:
[indent=4]
init
a:ReferenceTypeExample = new ReferenceTypeExample()
a.field = 2
b:ReferenceTypeExample = a
b.field = 3
print( "a.field is not 2, but %i", a.field )
class ReferenceTypeExample
field:int = 0
In the working example below I have made Person a value object by using readonly properties:
[indent=4]
init
Intl.setlocale()
var group = new Group()
print "\n data input \n"
try
group.add_person( new Person( "Egon", "Meier" ))
group.add_person( new Person( "John", "Schneider" ))
group.add_person( new Person( "Erwin", "Müller" ))
except err:GroupError
print( err.message )
print( #"$group" )
class Person
prop readonly first_name:string = ""
prop readonly last_name:string = ""
construct( first:string, last:string )
_first_name = first
_last_name = last
exception GroupError
GROUP_FULL
class Group
_people_count:int = -1
_group:new array of Person
_max_size:int = 2
construct()
_group = new array of Person[ _max_size ]
def add_person( person:Person ) raises GroupError
_people_count ++
if _people_count > _max_size
_people_count = _max_size
raise new GroupError.GROUP_FULL(
"Group is full. Maximum is %i members",
_max_size + 1
)
_group[ _people_count ] = person
print( " " + _group[ _people_count ].first_name +
" " + _group[ _people_count ].last_name
)
def to_string():string
result:string = "\n data output \n\n"
if _people_count < 0
result += " empty group"
return result
for i:int = 0 to _people_count
result += " " + _group[i].first_name + \
" " + _group[i].last_name + "\n"
return result
Some details about the code:
By changing the properties to be readonly an error will be given when you compile the program if it tries to change a detail of Person. In your example, if you change the properties of data to be readonly then the Vala compiler will warn you are trying to re-write the current object
Person has its data values set in the constructor and then any attempt after that to change them is an error
For a simple property Genie generates an automatic backing field that starts with an underscore. For example in Person the property first_name has the backing field _first_name and it is that field that is set in the constructor
Instead of including the people's names in the method itself, a method called add_person() is used that takes a Person as a parameter. This separates the concrete data from the abstract class
Checks have been added to the add_person() method to make sure the array doesn't go beyond its limits. If more people are added to the group than are allowed then an exception is raised
The add_person() calls in the init block create the Person as part of the method call. This means a reference to a Person object is not kept in the init block
I want to include files from a folder in my script (I tried to Google but can't seem to find any way to do this with AutoIt). Example of what I want to achieve:
LoadFiles()
Func LoadFiles()
$FL = _FileListToArray(#ScriptDir&"\Test\", "*")
$X=1
Do
#include $FL[$X] <== How ?
$X=$X+1
Until $X=$FL[0]
EndFunc
Can anyone point me in the right direction?
In order to include a file(s) in your compiled script, you need FileInstall.
FileInstall ( "source", "dest" [, flag = 0] )
source The source path of the file to compile. This must be a literal string; it cannot be a variable or the result of a function call. It can be a relative path (using .\ or ..\ in the path) to the source file (.au3).
dest The destination path of the file with trailing backslash if only the directory is used. This can be a variable.
flag [optional] this flag determines whether to overwrite files if they already exist:
$FC_NOOVERWRITE (0) = (default) do not overwrite existing files
$FC_OVERWRITE (1) = overwrite existing files
Another way is adding the files as a resource
Good afternoon! There isn't currently a good way to do what you're asking. I've been working on building a UDF to do what you'd like, but I've been running into a couple of issues with it. I have a working prototype but there are some bugs in it. First things first, download this script and call it _includeDir.au3.
_includeDir.au3
#CS
Name: _includeDir.au3
Developer: Timothy Bomer
Copyright: Amarok Studios LLC 2016
Version: 1.0
Description:
The purpose of this UDF is to dynamically include all files inside of a folder.
It works for the most part, but I am still working on a couple of bugs.
#CE
#Include <File.au3>
Global $mainUDF = "IncludeDirUDF"
Global $includeLib = $mainUDF & "\" & "loadIncludes.au3"
Global $tempLib = $mainUDF & "\" & "lib.txt"
Global $includeRewrite = $mainUDF & "\rewrite.au3"
Global $iDirHolder = ""
Func _includeDir($iDir, $lineToInc = 1, $restart = True)
If (checkInclude()) = 1 Then
FileDelete($tempLib)
return
EndIf
If NOT (FileExists($iDir)) Then
MsgBox(16,"Directory Doesn't Exists | _includeDir","The directory " & $iDir & " does not exist!")
return 0
EndIf
$iDirHolder = $iDir
initializeCheck()
; MsgBox(0,"Include Directory", "Attempting to include: " & $iDir)
populateLib($iDir)
populateIncLib()
finalize($lineToInc, $restart)
EndFunc
Func checkInclude()
FileOpen(#ScriptName, 0)
For $i = 1 to _FileCountLines(#ScriptName)
$checkLine = FileReadLine(#ScriptName, $i)
If ($checkLine = '#Include "IncludeDirUDF\loadIncludes.au3"') Then
return 1
EndIf
Next
EndFunc
; START Initialize Check
Func initializeCheck()
; MsgBox(0,"Checking. . .", "Is this initialized?")
If (FileExists($mainUDF)) Then
If NOT (FileExists($includeLib)) Then
isError(2)
return
EndIf
; MsgBox(0,"Initialized","The UDF has been initialized")
Else
isError(1)
return
EndIf
EndFunc
; END Initialize Check
; START Library Population
Func populateLib($iDir = $iDirHolder)
; MsgBox(0,"Populating","Attempting to populate the library")
If (FileExists($tempLib)) Then
; MsgBox(0,"Temp File Found","The temporary library file has been found. Attempting to populate.")
$tLibCont = _FileListToArray(#ScriptDir & "\" & $iDir & "\", "*")
$iDirSize = $tLibCont[0]
; MsgBox(0,"Size of Included Directory", $iDir & " contains " & $iDirSize & " files to include!")
$writeLib = FileOpen($tempLib, 1)
While $iDirSize > 0
FileWriteLine($writeLib, '#Include "..\' & $iDir & '\' & $tLibCont[$iDirSize] & '"')
$iDirSize -= 1
WEnd
FileClose($writeLib)
Else
isError(3)
return
EndIf
EndFunc
; END Library Population
; START Include Library Population
Func populateIncLib()
; MsgBox(0,"Rewriting. . .", "Attempting to re-write the include library")
#CS
If (FileExists($includeLib)) Then
FileDelete($includeLib)
_FileCreate($includeLib)
EndIf
#CE
FileOpen($tempLib, 0)
For $i = 1 to _FileCountLines($tempLib)
$line = FileReadLine($tempLib, $i)
$reWriteLib = FileOpen($includeLib, 9)
FileWriteLine($reWriteLib, $line)
FileClose($reWriteLib)
Next
FileClose($tempLib)
EndFunc
; END Include Library Population
; START Finalize
Func finalize($lineToInc, $restart)
_FileWriteToLine(#ScriptName, $lineToInc, '#Include "IncludeDirUDF\loadIncludes.au3"', False)
If ($restart = True) Then
runFile(#ScriptName)
EndIf
exit
return
EndFunc
Func runFile($rFile)
$file_loc = $rFile
If #Compiled = 1 Then
$file_exe = FileGetShortName(#AutoItExe & ' /AutoIt3ExecuteScript "' & $file_loc & '"')
Run($file_exe)
Else
$file_au3 = FileGetShortName($file_loc)
Run(#AutoItExe & " " & $file_au3, "", #SW_HIDE)
EndIf
EndFunc
; START Error Reporting
Func isError($eFlag = "", $eMessage = "There was an error!")
If ($eFlag = "") Then
; MsgBox(16,"ERROR", $eMessage)
Exit
EndIf
If ($eFlag = 1) Then
; MsgBox(16,"Not Initialized","This UDF has not been initialized")
DirCreate($mainUDF)
Sleep(250)
initializeCheck()
return
ElseIf ($eFlag = 2) Then
; MsgBox(16,"Missing File","Missing the include library!")
_FileCreate($includeLib)
initializeCheck()
return
ElseIf ($eFlag = 3) Then
; MsgBox(16,"Missing File", "Missing the temporary library! Creating it now!",3)
_FileCreate($tempLib)
populateLib()
return
EndIf
EndFunc
; END Error Reporting
To use this UDF, include the file with:
Include "_includeDir.au3"
Next, call the function by following the below format.
_includeDir("Directory to Include", $lineToIncludeOn, $restart)
The directory to include would be the name of the directory with all of the files you're trying to include.
The $lineToIncludeOn specifies what line of the script the #Include will be written on. This is an optional parameter, and will default to line 1.
Lastly, $restart specifies if the script needs to be restarted or not. Sadly, the biggest bug is that the script needs to be restarted in order for the UDF to include all of the files. Which probably takes away the useful functionality of the entire script. This is an optional parameter, by default, it will be set to True and automatically restart the script.
Here's an example.
INSIDE OF WORKING DIRECTORY
Includes Folder
Example.au3
_includeDir.au3
INSIDE OF Includes Folder
One.au3
Two.au3
Three.au3
Four.au3
Five.au3
One.au3
$oneVar = "First variable"
Two.au3
$twoVar = "Second variable"
Three.au3
$threeVar = "Third variable"
Four.au3
$fourVar = "Fourth variable"
Five.au3
$fiveVar = "Fifth variable"
So, we are going to try to include One.au3, Two.au3, Three.au3, Four.au3, and Five.au3 into Example.au3.
Example.au3
; Exclude the numbers before the code. It's there just to show you the line the code is written on.
(1) #Include "_includeDir.au3"
(2)
(3) _includeDir("Includes Folder")
(4) MsgBox(0,"Included Variables","Variable One: " & $oneVar & #CRLF & "Variable Two: " & $twoVar & #CRLF & "Variable Three: " & $threeVar & #CRLF & "Variable Four: " & $fourVar & #CRLF & "Variable Five: " & $fiveVar)
This will add the line:
#Include "IncludeDirUDF\loadIncludes.au3"
to line one of Examples.au3, then restart Example.au3 to display the variables from the included files. If you changed the files inside of the Included Files directory, you will need to remove the #Include line for the loadIncludes.au3, and delete the folder that was generated. (IncludeDirUDF).
Let's say you don't want the #Include to be written to line one of Example.au3... To specify what line you want it to be written to, simply add the next parameter to the function call. For example, we want to write it to line 5 of Example.au3, we would use this:
_includeDir("Includes Folder", 5)
The last parameter is the restart parameter. This specifies if Example.au3 should be restarted after the directory is included. It is set to True by default. If you want Example.au3 to exit and stay terminated, simply add False to the end of the function call.
_includeDir("Includes Folder", 5, False)
In order to do what you're trying to do, the best way to use this would be to put it at the top of your Example.au3 (or whatever your script is) right underneath the includes. The reason for this is because it will auto-restart your script if when it generates the library and it could cause an error if it's not at the top. I hope this poorly written UDF helps you out! Let me know if there's something it's not doing that you need it to do. If not, let me know and I will fix it! Happy programming my friend! If this is too hard to follow, see my more detailed demonstration on the official AutoIt forum HERE
Thanks,
Tim
This is how i fixed it if anyone have the same issue ..
Only thing IncludeList.au3 have to exsist in the directory before you run the script or you will get include error
#include <WinAPIFiles.au3>
#include <File.au3>
; Delete Old IncludeList.au3
If FileExists("IncludeList.au3") Then
FileDelete("IncludeList.au3")
EndIf
; Get Files From Dir
$IL = _FileListToArray(#ScriptDir&"\Functions\", "*")
; Create New IncludeList.au3
$FH = FileOpen("IncludeList.au3", $FO_APPEND)
; Check For Errors
If #error <> 1 or #error <> 4 Then
; Loop True Files In Dir
For $FC = 1 To UBound($IL)-1 Step +1
; Write New #Include '.\Function\FilesToInclude.au3'
FileWrite($FH, "#Include '.\Functions\"&$IL[$FC]&"'"& #CRLF)
Next
EndIf
; Close File Handler
FileClose($FH)
; Include All The Files In Directory True IncludeList We Created
#include "IncludeList.au3"
; And Now You Can Call Any Functions From The Scripts From That Directory
I wrote a program to extract all (over 1000) the comments from a reddit post, and I'm having trouble defining a function.
The program:
require "rubygems"
require "json"
require "net/http"
require "uri"
require 'open-uri'
require 'neatjson'
#The URL, which changes.
url = ("https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/46n0zc.json")
#Sets up the JSON reader.
result = JSON.parse(open(url).read)
post = result[0]["data"]["children"]
children = result[1]["data"]["children"]
#Sets up the base location.
base = ("https://www.reddit.com" + post[0]["data"]["permalink"].to_s)
#Sets up the arrays.
mainIDs = Array.new
reIDs = Array.new
#Collects the main jsons.
children.each do |child|
if child["data"].has_key? "body"
mainIDs.push(child["data"]["id"].to_s)
end
end
mainINT = mainIDs.count
#Collects the remaining.
children.each do |child|
if child["data"].has_key? "children"
reIDs = child["data"]["children"]
end
end
remainINT = reIDs.count
puts "Main Comments: " + mainINT.to_s
puts "Total Comments: " + (mainINT + remainINT).to_s
#Divides the page.
puts ("__" * 50)
puts ("\n")
#Creates a function for collection.
def printAllComments(array, comINT)
for i in array do i
url = base + i
puts "Post URL: " + url
result = JSON.parse(open(url).read)
children = result[1]["data"]["children"]
int = comINT
for i in children do child
if child["data"].has_key? "body"
puts "Comment Number: " + int.to_s
puts "Author: " + child["data"]["author"]
puts "Body: " + neatBD(child["data"]["body"].to_s)
puts "ID: " + child["data"]["id"]
puts "Ups: " + child["data"]["ups"].to_s
puts "\n\n"
int += 1
end
end
end
end
printAllComments(mainINT, 1)
The "Creates a function for collection" is where the error is. When I run this, I get:
Main Comments: 64
Total Comments: 1676
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
007----extractallredditpostcomments.rb:51:in `printAllComments': undefined method `each' for 64:Fixnum (NoMethodError)
from 007----extractallredditpostcomments.rb:72:in `<main>'
When I should be getting the first 64 comments from the main array, instead it just breaks after it prints the line. What's weird is that the error is on line 51, and line 51 is the:
url = base + i
there's no 'each' function there.
What am I missing?
for i in array do is equivalent to array.each do |i|. If array is not, actually, an array, you will get the error you are getting. Proof:
for i in 64 do puts i end
# NoMethodError: undefined method `each' for 64:Fixnum
Stylistically... no Rubyist uses for; everyone uses each directly.
so there are a couple items that I would point out.
First the loop syntax feels a bit funny. If you want to access each element of the array I would use array.each do |item|, same of the inner loop children.each do |child|.
Next you are actually passing the mainINT instead of mainIDs which is an int, not an array. This is what was throwing the error you asked about.
Lastly you are trying to reference base from within your method but it doesn't exist within the method's scope, try passing it into the method or making the variable global with #base.
Changing these few items I was able to get one URL to print out and then ran into an issue with parsing the JSON but I will leave that to you. This should hopefully get you moving forward.
Patrick
I am coding a Ruby 1.9 script and I'm running into some issues using the .include? method with an array.
This is my whole code block:
planTypes = ['C','R','S'];
invalidPlan = true;
myPlan = '';
while invalidPlan do
print "Enter the plan type (C-Commercial, R-Residential, S-Student): ";
myPlan = gets().upcase;
if planTypes.include? myPlan
invalidPlan = false;
end
end
For troubleshooting purposes I added print statements:
while invalidPlan do
print "Enter the plan type (C-Commercial, R-Residential, S-Student): ";
myPlan = gets().upcase;
puts myPlan; # What is my input value? S
puts planTypes.include? myPlan # What is the boolean return? False
puts planTypes.include? "S" # What happens when hard coded? True
if planTypes.include? myPlan
puts "My plan is found!"; # Do I make it inside the if clause? Nope
invalidPlan = false;
end
end
Since I was getting the correct result with a hard-coded string, I tried "#{myPlan}" and myPlan.to_s. However I still get a false result.
I'm new to Ruby scripting, so I'm guessing I'm missing something obvious, but after reviewing similar question here and here, as well as checking the Ruby Doc, I'm at a loss as to way it's not acting correctly.
The result of gets includes a newline (\n), which you can see if you print myPlan.inspect:
Enter the plan type (C-Commercial, R-Residential, S-Student): C
"C\n"
Add strip to clean out the unwanted whitespace:
myPlan = gets().upcase.strip;
Enter the plan type (C-Commercial, R-Residential, S-Student): C
"C"
I am writing my first custom matcher in rspec. I would like to provide a failure message with a break down on why the comparison has failed. Effectively I would like to output the differences between the expected and the actual object. I effectively just need to do this with 2 arrays on the object. I have done some research and am trying to use =~ as described here. It mentions it has an informative failure message but I am struggling to access the failure message. I would effectively just like to return the combined failure message for two separate arrays to give an informative reason for the matcher returning false.
My attempt is as follows
RSpec::Matchers.define :have_same_state_as_measure_table do |expected_measure_table , max_delta = 1e-06|
match do |actual_measure_table|
actual_measure_table.equivalence(expected_measure_table, max_delta)
end
description do
"checks if measure has same state as expected measure table within a given number of precision"
end
# Optional method description
description do
"checks if measure has same state as expected measure table, within a given level of precision"
end
# Optional failure messages
failure_message do |actual_measure_table|
mismatch_string = ""
mismatch_string += (actual_measure_table.columns =~ expected_measure_table.columns || "")
mismatch_string += (actual_measure_table.names =~ expected_measure_table.names || "")
"Measure tables missmatch as follows %s" % (mismatch_string.to_s)
end
failure_message_when_negated do |actual_measure_table|
"expected friend not to be in zipcode"
end
end
My final matcher was as follows :
class CompareMeasureTables
attr_reader :expected_measure_table, :max_delta, :actual_measure_table
def initialize(expected_measure_table, max_delta=1e-06)
#expected_measure_table = expected_measure_table
#max_delta = max_delta
end
def description
"Checks if measure has same state as expected measure table, within a given level of precision"
end
def matches?(actual_measure_table)
#actual_measure_table = actual_measure_table
actual_measure_table.equivalence(expected_measure_table, max_delta, false)
end
def failure_message
#mismatch_description = ""
if actual_measure_table.columns.sort != expected_measure_table.columns.sort
#mismatch_description += "\nColumns mismatch \nExpected =" + expected_measure_table.columns.inspect
#mismatch_description += "\nActual =" + actual_measure_table.columns.inspect
end
if (#mismatch_description == "")
#mismatch_description += "\nData mismatch \nExpected =" + (expected_measure_table.records - actual_measure_table.records).inspect
#mismatch_description += "\nActual =" + (actual_measure_table.records - expected_measure_table.records).inspect
#mismatch_description += "\nTolerance set at #{#max_delta}"
end
"Measure tables mismatch as follows %s" % (#mismatch_description)
end
end