I can’t figure out why I’m getting these compilation errors:
gcc -o Compil obj/MillerRabin.o obj/main.o -L. -L/usr/lib/ -Wl,-rpath=/home/---------/Documents/AC20_Cyrpto -lgmp -lCommon -ltest -lprimeGen
./libtest.so: undefined reference to `__gmpz_set_str'
./libtest.so: undefined reference to `__gmpz_set_ui'
./libtest.so: undefined reference to `__gmpz_add_ui'
./libtest.so: undefined reference to `__gmpz_clear'
./libtest.so: undefined reference to `__gmpz_init'
./libtest.so: undefined reference to `mpzPrint'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:61: recipe for target 'Compil' failed
make: *** [Compil] Error 1
These errors are coming from libs/test/test.c, I’m using a make file that a friend of mine made, and I haven’t really looked into how they work yet.
So what’s weird is that in my libs folder I have another .c file that’s using gmp (libs/Common/common.h and mpzfunctions.c), and that one doesn’t give me any errors. If I move my test function to the main the compilation works.
If anyone knows how to fix this, it would be great! Thanks.
Symbols from libraries are applied in order. So when you write:
-lgmp -ltest
It means that symbols used in libgmp will be looked up in libtest but not vice versa.
Apparently, your libtest requires functions from libgmp, so you need to apply them in the opposite order.
As a rule of thumb, external libraries should always go last because they do not generally require symbols from your libraries.
So without knowing too much, I 'd guess that the order should be:
-lCommon -lprimeGen -ltest -lgmp
It looks to me like you will want to remove -lgmp from LINK_FLAGS and add it somehow to the end of the link command.
Related
When trying to build some test cases (just programs written in Ada), I get the following error:
gcc -c -shared decimaltests.adb
gnatbind -x decimaltests.ali
gnatlink decimaltests.ali -lGenerics -lNumerics -lTesting
/usr/bin/ld: decimaltests: hidden symbol `_Unwind_Resume' in
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/7.2.1/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2.o) is referenced by DSO
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Bad value
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
gnatlink: error when calling /usr/bin/gcc
gnatmake: *** link failed.
I'm building them with gnatmake -shared *.ad{b,s} -largs -lGenerics -lNumerics -lTesting Clearly this isn't a problem with building the sources, but just to further confirm that, I copied the sources into this directory and built using gnatmake -shared *.ad{b,s} which built the tests just fine.
The dependent libraries are built and installed into a path gnat searches through. It doesn't seem to be an issue of not finding those. Not sure what's going on here.
All the libraries are built with gnatmake -O2 -fPIC -shared *.ad{b,s} as well as any relevant library dependencies. All libraries that depend on these can still be built. It's only even programs that depend on the libraries that throw this error, and always the same error.
Update: Building the libraries using gprbuild and then installing them with gprinstall seems to work similarly, except now the error is as follows:
decimaltests.o: In function `_ada_decimaltests':
decimaltests.adb:(.text+0x43): undefined reference to `testing__start'
decimaltests.adb:(.text+0x4a): undefined reference to
`generics__testing__default_tolerance'
decimaltests.adb:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to
`generics__testing__default_tolerance'
decimaltests.adb:(.text+0x108): undefined reference to
`generics__testing__default_tolerance'
decimaltests.adb:(.text+0x172): undefined reference to
`generics__testing__default_tolerance'
decimaltests.adb:(.text+0x1dc): undefined reference to
`generics__testing__default_tolerance'
decimaltests.o:decimaltests.adb:(.text+0x23f): more undefined references to
`generics__testing__default_tolerance' follow
decimaltests.o: In function `_ada_decimaltests':
decimaltests.adb:(.text+0x14f5): undefined reference to `testing__stop'
/usr/lib/numerics//libNumerics.so: undefined reference to
`generics__testing__not_started#SYMS'
/usr/lib/numerics//libNumerics.so: undefined reference to
`generics__testing__pass#SYMS'
/usr/lib/numerics//libNumerics.so: undefined reference to
`generics__testing__fail#SYMS'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
gprbuild: link of decimaltests.adb failed
So I looked through the symbols table for both build methods and noticed, in both cases, the symbol most definitely exists, but the reference to it seems to be the wrong location. I'll try building on different platforms/compilers and update again if anything relevant comes up.
Both processes correctly build the libraries and test programs, and the test programs run properly, on different platforms. To further confirm that this is a bug, I've installed a different GCC toolchain and repeated the builds under the original platform, and this problem did not arise. I'll be filing a bug report.
I'm trying to install AODV protocol on Raspberry pi. After completing git clone from "https://github.com/erimatnor/aodv-uu" when I tried to do "make" and I am getting below error. Expecting your suggestion. Thank you!
make
gcc -Wall -O3 -g -DDEBUG -DCONFIG_GATEWAY -DDEBUG -o aodvd main.o list.o debug.o timer_queue.o aodv_socket.o aodv_hello.o aodv_neighbor.o aodv_timeout.o routing_table.o seek_list.o aodv_rreq.o aodv_rrep.o aodv_rerr.o nl.o locality.o
aodv_neighbor.o: In function neighbor_add':
/home/pi/aodv-uu/aodv_neighbor.c:68: undefined reference tohello_update_timeout'
aodv_timeout.o: In function route_discovery_timeout':
/home/pi/aodv-uu/aodv_timeout.c:98: undefined reference tort_table_update_timeout'
aodv_rreq.o: In function rreq_route_discovery':
/home/pi/aodv-uu/aodv_rreq.c:460: undefined reference tort_table_update_timeout'
aodv_rreq.o: In function rreq_local_repair':
/home/pi/aodv-uu/aodv_rreq.c:521: undefined reference tort_table_update_timeout'
aodv_rrep.o: In function rrep_forward':
/home/pi/aodv-uu/aodv_rrep.c:231: undefined reference tort_table_update_timeout'
nl.o: In function nl_kaodv_callback':
/home/pi/aodv-uu/nl.c:282: undefined reference tort_table_update_timeout'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:112: recipe for target 'aodvd' failed
make: *** [aodvd] Error 1
The code available from sourceforge is the same code that is on github. If you download the archive, you'll see that the latest modification date of any file there is 2010. Given the age of this code, I wouldn't be surprised to find that things simply don't work anymore.
However, here's a quick workaround for your problem. The root cause appears to be that the problem functions, like rt_table_update_timeout, are declared as inline, but that information seems to get lost somewhere in the build process such that other object files are trying to reference these as non-inline functions.
You can avoid this by opening defs.h, looking for this line:
#define NS_INLINE inline
And replace it with:
#define NS_INLINE
This will allow aodvd to compile correctly (make aodvd). On my system, the kernel module will subsequently fail to compile:
cc1: fatal error: /lib/modules/4.13.15-100.fc25.x86_64/build/include/linux/modversions.h: No such file or directory
As far as I can tell, the modversions.h file is no longer produced by modern Linux kernels.
I am trying to use Curl in C.
I visited Curl official page, and copied sample source code.
below is the link:
http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/sepheaders.html
when I run this code with command "gcc test.c",
the console shows message like below.
/tmp/cc1vsivQ.o: In function `main':
test.c:(.text+0xe1): undefined reference to `curl_global_init'
test.c:(.text+0xe6): undefined reference to `curl_easy_init'
test.c:(.text+0x10c): undefined reference to `curl_easy_setopt'
test.c:(.text+0x12e): undefined reference to `curl_easy_setopt'
test.c:(.text+0x150): undefined reference to `curl_easy_setopt'
test.c:(.text+0x17e): undefined reference to `curl_easy_cleanup'
test.c:(.text+0x1b3): undefined reference to `curl_easy_cleanup'
test.c:(.text+0x1db): undefined reference to `curl_easy_setopt'
test.c:(.text+0x1e7): undefined reference to `curl_easy_perform'
test.c:(.text+0x1ff): undefined reference to `curl_easy_cleanup'
I do not know how to solve this.
You don't link with the library.
When using an external library you must link with it:
$ gcc test.c -lcurl
The last option tells GCC to link (-l) with the library curl.
In addition to Joachim Pileborg's answer, it is useful to remember that gcc/g++ linking is sensitive to order and that your linked libraries must follow the things that depend upon them.
$ gcc -lcurl test.c
will fail, missing the same symbols as before. I mention this because I came to this page for forgetting this fact.
I have the same problem, but i use g++ with a make file.
This is a linker issue.
You need to add option -lcurl on the compiler and on the linker.
In my case on the make file:
CC ?= gcc
CXX ?= g++
CXXFLAGS += -I ../src/ -I ./ -DLINUX -lcurl <- compile option
LDFLAGS += -lrt -lpthread -lcurl <- linker option
Gerard
Depending how bad things are you might need an -L/somewhere in LDFLAGS to let the linker know where the libraries are. ldconfig is supposed to pick them up and find them on every boot but on a new machine it can take a little prodding, like adding a directory to your /etc/ld.so.conf.
I'm trying to build a project for ARM uClibc environment, but I've some functions missing. Can not find which library shall I include to resolve dependancies. nm do not help me to search, since it says on most of libs coming with toolchain:
nm: ./host/usr/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/lib/libuClibc-0.9.32.1.so: no symbols
Here is the output from GCC:
./host/usr/bin/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcc
-Wl,-rpath,./host/usr/lib/
-Wl,-rpath,./host/usr/../lib/
-Wl,-rpath,./host/usr/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/lib/
-Llibzway -o test_so main.o -lzway
-L./host/usr/lib/
-L./host/usr/../lib/
-L./host/usr/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/lib/ -lpthread
-lxml2 -lz -lm
./host/usr/lib/libxml2.so: warning: gethostbyname is obsolescent, use getnameinfo() instead.
./host/usr/lib/libxml2.so: undefined reference to `fcntl64'
./host/usr/lib/libxml2.so: undefined reference to `fopen64'
./host/usr/../lib/libz.so: undefined reference to `lseek64'
./host/usr/lib/libxml2.so: undefined reference to `stat64'
./host/usr/lib/libiconv.so.2: undefined reference to `mbrtowc'
./host/usr/lib/libiconv.so.2: undefined reference to `_stdlib_mb_cur_max'
./host/usr/lib/libiconv.so.2: undefined reference to `wcrtomb'
./host/usr/lib/libxml2.so: undefined reference to `open64'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [test_so] Error 1
UPD:
I've copied uClibc from the target host and explicitely defined asked to link with it:
./host/usr/bin/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcc
-Wl,-rpath,./host/usr/lib/
-Wl,-rpath,./host/usr/../lib/
-Wl,-rpath,./host/usr/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/lib/
-Llibzway -o test_so main.o -lzway
-L./host/usr/lib/
-L./host/usr/../lib/
-L./host/usr/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/lib/
-luClibc-0.9.31
-lpthread -lxml2 -lz -lm
./host/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/4.5.3/../../../../arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/bin/ld:
errno: TLS reference in ./host/usr/bin/../arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/lib/libpthread.so.0 mismatches non-TLS definition in ./host/usr/lib/libuClibc-0.9.31.so section .bss
./host/usr/bin/../arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/lib/libpthread.so.0: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [test_so] Error 1
This is much bayond my knowledge of cross-compilation. Any idea?
It sounds like you have several issues going on:
You seem to be trying to use the host's copy of libxml2.so. This is not going to work. You need one built for your target system and its libc.
Your uClibc was compiled without large file support. Go back and fix the build options or uClibc. It's not strictly necessary (a correctly built libxml2.so linked against uClibc will work without doing this), but using the pre-large-file interfaces is really backwards and will unnecessarily limit your programs.
I'm feeling a bit thick, but when I run through even basic examples provided on http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-c/wiki/Examples, I keep getting the following build errors:
/tmp/cc19catp.o: In function `main':
packit.c:(.text+0x13): undefined reference to `amessage__descriptor'
packit.c:(.text+0xb6): undefined reference to `amessage__get_packed_size'
packit.c:(.text+0xdb): undefined reference to `amessage__pack'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
I'm compiling with the following command:
gcc -o pack -lprotobuf-c packit.c
Anyone else have this problem? I feel I'm missing something basic.
gcc -o pack packit.c amessage.pb-c.c -lprotobuf-c
You must compile and link the proto-c-generated code.
Also, in general, when foo depends on bar, foo should precede bar in the linker command.