I'm trying to learn Postgres and Ive made two basic tables and I can't join them together.
here is my list Of relations:
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+--------------+----------+----------
public | login | table | postgres
public | login_id_seq | sequence | postgres
public | users | table | test
(3 rows)
When I use the command
SELECT * FROM users JOIN login ON users.name = login.name;
I get
ERROR: permission denied for relation login
I have no idea what to do or what I did wrong.
You should grant the SELECT permission to user test:
GRANT SELECT ON login TO test;
If if might allow test to modify login, you should grant other permissions as well:
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON login TO test;
You should execute these statements as database owner or as user postgres. In general, you can use
psql -Upostgres -dtest
if you're running this command on the same machine where the Postgres server is running.
You may also change the ownership of login to test:
ALTER TABLE login OWNER TO test;
ALTER SEQUENCE login_id_seq OWNER TO test;
But have to execute this as user postgres as well.
Edit: You can try to change the user with
SET ROLE 'postgres';
as suggested by #lat long.
So this is what I did to finally get it to work...I basically just went into the login properties on pgAdmin4, found the owner and switched it to test and ran:
SELECT * FROM users JOIN login ON users.name = login.name;
and finally got what I was looking for. Surprisingly a simple fix.
The "test" user doesn't have permission to login and use the related tables. Run the query with the "postgres" user:
SET ROLE 'postgres';
Then run your query.
Related
Hopefully someone can help me, when the developer queried to insert data, it gives the following error.
1142 - INSERT command denied to user 'db_user'#'localhost' for table 'table_name'
I checked user privileges, the user is granted for all the permissions:
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for 'db_user'#'localhost';
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for db_user#localhost |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `db_user`#`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8FBC7CD05DD7354A9EAD92EC508E27E334FE' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `db`.* TO `db_user`#`localhost` |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
How can I resolve the issue?
"USAGE grants no real privileges". Its a confusing name. So more GRANT is needed:
GRANT INSERT ON dbname.table_name TO db_user#localhost;
I have installed yugabytedb in minikube on my laptop and created a database with owner 'Rodgers'.
Then I run the ysqlsh to execute ysql commands from the terminal, one of which is 'CREATE DATABASE ...'.
Problem
When I try connecting to the database using an external Go application by providing the application with user as 'Rodgers' and the set password, it fails to connect.
I have found out that the tables created were attached to owner 'yugabyte', not 'Rodgers'.
But the database to which I have connected and from where am running the CREATE DATABASE command belongs to Rodgers.
What's going on here?
It's best to rehearse all this using "ysqlsh". When everything works there, connecting from any client program (Python, go, ...) etc will work — as long as you have the right driver. The PostgresSQL drivers work with YugabyteDB.
The following is mainly commands for "ysqlsh" — both SQLs and so-called metacommands (the ones starting with backslash). But occasionally, there are commands that you do from the O/S prompt. So you must read the following carefully and then do what it says after each comment — mainly in "ysqlsh" but a couple of times at the O/S prompt. So you can't simply run the script "lights out".
Start with virgin YB single-node cluster (fresh from "yb-create).
$ ysqlsh -h localhost -p 5433 -d yugabyte -U yugabyte
Now follow the script.
-- Shows two "Superuser" users: "postgres" and "yugabyte" (nothing else).
\du
-- Shows two databases: "postgres" and "yugabyte" (nothing else except "system" databases).
-- Both "postgres" and "yugabyte" databases are owned by "postgres".
\l
-- Create a new "ordinary user and connect as that user.
create user rodgers login password 'p';
alter user rodgers createdb;
-- Now connect to database yugabyte as user rodgers
\c yugabyte rodgers
-- Create a new database and check it's there.
create database rog_db owner rodgers;
\l
-- Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-- -----------------+----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------------------
...
-- rog_db | rodgers | UTF8 | C | en_US.UTF-8 |
-- ...
-- Now connect to the new "rog_db" database. Works fine.
\c rog_db rodgers
-- Quit "ysqlsh.
\q
Connect again. Works fine.
$ ysqlsh -h localhost -p 5433 -d rog_db -U rodgers
Now carry on with the script.
-- Works fine.
create table t(k int primary key);
-- Inspect it. First "\d", then "\d t".
\d
-- List of relations
-- Schema | Name | Type | Owner
-- --------+------+-------+---------
-- public | t | table | rodgers
\d t
-- Table "public.t"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
-- --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
-- k | integer | | not null |
-- Indexes:
-- "t_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, lsm (k HASH)
-- This is OK for playing. But terrible for real work.
drop table t;
\c rog_db yugabyte
drop schema public;
\c rog_db rodgers
create schema rog_schema authorization rodgers;
-- For future connect commands.
alter user rodgers set search_path = 'rog_schema';
-- for here and now.
set schema 'rog_schema';
create table t(k int primary key);
\d
-- List of relations
-- Schema | Name | Type | Owner
-- ------------+------+-------+---------
-- rog_schema | t | table | rodgers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I just stepped through all of this using "YB-2.2.0.0-b0" on my laptop (macOS Big Sur). It all worked fine.
Please try this in your minikube env and report back.
Regards, Bryn Llewellyn, Technical Product Manager at Yugabyte Inc.
I'm new to PostgreSQL and was following this tutorial. I can create roles just fine but when I tried to use the createuser and dropuser commands, it just doesn't do anything and no new users are created or any deleted. I tried to use it with and without the semi colon at the end, the former gives a syntax error and the latter just doesn't do anything.
postgres-# createuser joe;
ERROR: syntax error at or near "createuser"
LINE 1: createuser
^
postgres=# ;
postgres=# createuser joe;
ERROR: syntax error at or near "createuser"
LINE 1: createuser joe;
^
postgres=# createuser joe
postgres-# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
admin | Superuser, Create DB | {}
john | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}
guest | | {}
guest3 | | {}
postgres | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}
I also tried this:
createuser --interactive joe
This also didn't do anything.
What's the correct way to use createuser? I'm using the following version.
postgres (PostgreSQL) 11.1
Inside the psql tool you need to enter SQL commands. To create a user from SQL, you need to use create user.
The tutorial probably was running the command line utility createuser (not the SQL command)
To understand why:
postgres=# createuser joe
did not do anything, see: In psql, why do some commands have no effect?
I think you need a space between your command, something like the following:
CREATE USER youruser WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'yourpass';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE yourdbname TO youruser;
Command createuser need to run in console(bash). No need to do it in psql.
Example:
createuser -h localhost -p 5432 joe
Was wanting to add full access for a developer to a database.
I wanted them to be able to have full control over it...including deleting it if they wanted.
Somehow I stumbled upon two ways. Are these the right ways??
What's the difference of between access/permissions between the both commands?
What is the correct command to accomplish what I want?
Thanks.
Command 1
USE [testdb1]
GO
ALTER USER [john] WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA=[dbo]
GO
Command 2
USE [testdb1]
GO
EXEC sp_addrolemember N'db_owner', N'john'
GO
According to the latest sp_addrolemember documentation, sp_addrolemember should be avoided and ALTER ROLE should be used instead.
This feature will be removed in a future version of Microsoft SQL Server. Avoid using this feature in new development work, and plan to modify applications that currently use this feature. Use ALTER ROLE instead.
There is no difference between the two as of SQL Server 2012.
alter role [RoleName] add member [MemberName];
is equivalent to
exec sp_addrolemember N'RoleName', N'MemberName';
References:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189775.aspx
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187750.aspx
MSDN is a great source for answering that:
sp_addrolemember
Adds a database user, database role, Windows login, or Windows group
to a database role in the current database.
ALTER USER
Renames a database user or changes its default schema.
Note also the syntax:
sp_addrolemember [ #rolename = ] 'role',
[ #membername = ] 'security_account'
-- SQL Server Syntax
ALTER USER userName
WITH <set_item> [ ,...n ]
[;]
<set_item> ::=
NAME = newUserName
| DEFAULT_SCHEMA = { schemaName | NULL }
| LOGIN = loginName
| PASSWORD = 'password' [ OLD_PASSWORD = 'oldpassword' ]
| DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = { NONE | <lcid> | <language name> | <language alias> }
| ALLOW_ENCRYPTED_VALUE_MODIFICATIONS = [ ON | OFF ]
In other words, using sp_addrolemember, you could only add database user, database role, Windows login, or Windows group in the current database.
But using ALTER USER, you could alter its name, its default schema, its login name, its password, etc... which certain is unable to be done by using sp_addrolemember.
Check the two MSDN links. They are great source for info using SQL Server
As for your case, you probably want to use sp_addrolemember, provided that you already have a role which could give the user the access that they need (most probably db_owner).
USE [testdb1]
GO
EXEC sp_addrolemember N'db_owner', N'john'
GO
When you alter default schema of a user, it does not mean that they get new role - but they get new default schema, and the accessibility will depend on the security rules in the new schema for the existing user role. It could give you what you want, depends on the security rules for the user in the default schema it has.
I create the database in Management Studio. Added a SQL authenticated user to the list of users for the DB.
I set up (granted) the permissions like so:
use DjangoDB;
grant select,insert,update,alter,delete,references to django;
select
a.*,
b.name
from sys.database_permissions a
inner join sys.database_principals b
on a.grantee_principal_id = b.principal_id
and b.name = 'django'
The output of this command is:
class class_desc major_id minor_id grantee_principal_id grantor_principal_id type permission_name state state_desc name
0 DATABASE 0 0 5 1 AL ALTER G GRANT django
0 DATABASE 0 0 5 1 CO CONNECT G GRANT django
0 DATABASE 0 0 5 1 DL DELETE G GRANT django
0 DATABASE 0 0 5 1 IN INSERT G GRANT django
0 DATABASE 0 0 5 1 RF REFERENCES G GRANT django
0 DATABASE 0 0 5 1 SL SELECT G GRANT django
0 DATABASE 0 0 5 1 UP UPDATE G GRANT django
So the user appears to have the permissions (especially select which it will later claim is not a permission this user has)
Then I run python manage.py syncdb
Syncing...
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user
...
and I (sometimes) get an error like:
File "E:\python\cloudbox\.cloudbox\lib\site-packages\sqlserver_ado\dbapi.py", line 99, in standardErrorHandler
raise errorclass(errorvalue)
DatabaseError: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, u'Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server', u"User 'django' does not have permission to run DBCC checkconstraints for database 'DjangoDB'.", None, 0, -2147217900), None)
Command:
DBCC CHECKCONSTRAINTS
Parameters:
[]
When I look up this error, it says:
Requires membership in the sysadmin fixed server role or the db_owner fixed database role.
I can find a whole list of roles to put this user into, but none of them are sysadmin. Where is this role hidden?
If I immediately rerun syncdb without changing anything, I get a different error though:
sqlserver_ado.dbapi.DatabaseError: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, u'Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server', u"The SELECT permission was denied on the object 'django_content_type', database 'DjangoDB', schema 'dbo'.", None, 0, -2147217911), None)
Command:
SELECT [django_content_type].[id], [django_content_type].[name], [django_content_type].[app_label], [django_content_type].[model] FROM [django_content_type] WHERE ([django_content_type].[model] = ? AND [django_content_type].[app_label] = ? )
Parameters:
[Name: p0, Dir.: Input, Type: adBSTR, Size: 10, Value: "permission", Precision: 0, NumericScale: 0, Name: p1, Dir.: Input, Type: adBSTR, Size: 4, Value: "auth", Precision: 0, NumericScale: 0]
Now it says the user doesn't have the SELECT privilege? But above it shows it DOES have the select privilege?
Is there some magic to granting the select privilege?
So, now the plot thickens. I make the sql user 'django' OWN the database. Now, everything will work, everything creates, no errors, south migration works.....
But I don't want my webserver user being the "owner" of the db. I want it to be able to do things like select,insert,update,alter,delete,references. But it seems like I can't just give it a limited set of permissions so it can fulfill that role. This seems a lot like running XP as administrator, something that does NOT make sense.
What am I doing wrong on permissions? Why does the webserver db user have to OWN this db?
Some Answers:
1) sysadmin is a Server Role, and not a database role like db_owner. It is much more powerful than making your user the database owner, so you definitely do not want to give it out.
2) For reasons that are something of a mystery, object-access permissions effectively must be granted to both the database (DjangoDB) and the schema (dbo). You already did the database, now you have to do the same for the schema. Here is what these commands might be in T-SQL:
GRANT DELETE ON SCHEMA::[dbo] TO [django]
GRANT EXECUTE ON SCHEMA::[dbo] TO [django]
GRANT INSERT ON SCHEMA::[dbo] TO [django]
GRANT REFERENCES ON SCHEMA::[dbo] TO [django]
GRANT SELECT ON SCHEMA::[dbo] TO [django]
GRANT UPDATE ON SCHEMA::[dbo] TO [django]
GRANT VIEW DEFINITION ON SCHEMA::[dbo] TO [django]
3) As for DBCC, it is a very powerful utility command, consequently, it requires powerful permissions. You may be able to grant your user the db_owner role instead of making them the owner of the database, but really that's not much better. Ideally, either your syncdb should only be executed by an admin instead of your app's users, or you should make a stored procedure to do the DBCC authorizing the proc with EXECUTE As OWNER, then authorize the user to that stored proc (already done if they are authorized to the schema, as above), and finally have syncdb changed to call that procedure instead of doing the DBCC directly.
sysadm is a server role.
The second error is occurring against a database called Amegy
You should not use the same user for both deployments and running the application code. They are different roles with different permission requirements.
Django's syncdb command requires the ability to enable/disable constraints and is part of its database API.