Converting Varchar to negative decimal in brackets

Converting Varchar to negative decimal in brackets - sql-server

I want to change a String to a negative decimal value. The string is in the below format:
($421.24)
I want to change this Varchar to decimal to show either -421.24 or (421.24).
I am using Replace function to achieve that but that's not a cool way:
Select convert(decimal(18,2), Replace(Replace(Replace('($421.24)','$', '' ),'(','-'),')','')) -- output -421.24
I want to make it a general sql staement which holds true for both positive and negative numbers. Please suggest.

Here are some shorter options:
Use a single replace to replace both the ( and the $ sign in one go:
Select CAST(Replace(Replace('($421.24)','($', '-'), ')', '') As decimal(18,2))
Use substring instead of replace:
Select CAST('-' + SUBSTRING('($421.24)',3, LEN('($421.24)') - 3) As decimal(18,2))
For SQL Server version 2017 or later, you can use translate, to replace multiple characters in a single command:
Select CAST(TRANSLATE('($421.24)', '($)', ' - ') As decimal(18,2))

Take the string and by using a WHILE loop, take each character and check whether it is a . or a number. If yes then take that character else neglect it and finally cast it to a decimal value.
Query
declare #str as varchar(100) = '($421.24)';
declare #len as int;
select #len = len(#str);
declare #i as int;
set #i = 1;
declare #res as varchar(100) = '';
while(#i <= #len)
begin
declare #c as char(1);
select #c = substring(#str, #i, 1);
select #res+= case when ASCII(#c) = 46 or (ASCII(#c) between 48 and 57)
then #c else '' end;
set #i += 1;
end
select cast(#res as decimal(18, 2)) as [decimal_val];
Find a demo here
Note: You may need to check for multiple dots.
Update
If the string is in a format which cannot convert to a decimal value, then add the below after the WHILE loop.
Query
declare #isnum as bit;
select #isnum = isnumeric(#res);
if(#isnum = 1)
select cast(#res as decimal(18, 2));
else
select 'String cannot convert to a decimal value.';
An other demo

Related

SELECT between semi colons [duplicate]

I have a need to create a function the will return nth element of a delimited string.
For a data migration project, I am converting JSON audit records stored in a SQL Server database into a structured report using SQL script. Goal is to deliver a sql script and a sql function used by the script without any code.
(This is a short-term fix will be used while a new auditing feature is added the ASP.NET/MVC application)
There is no shortage of delimited string to table examples available.
I've chosen a Common Table Expression example http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings
Example: I want to return 67 from '1,222,2,67,888,1111'

This is the easiest answer to rerieve the 67 (type-safe!!):
SELECT CAST('<x>' + REPLACE('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML).value('/x[4]','int')
In the following you will find examples how to use this with variables for the string, the delimiter and the position (even for edge-cases with XML-forbidden characters)
The easy one
This question is not about a string split approach, but about how to get the nth element. The easiest, fully inlineable way would be this IMO:
This is a real one-liner to get part 2 delimited by a space:
DECLARE #input NVARCHAR(100)=N'part1 part2 part3';
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE(#input,N' ',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[2]','nvarchar(max)')
Variables can be used with sql:variable() or sql:column()
Of course you can use variables for delimiter and position (use sql:column to retrieve the position directly from a query's value):
DECLARE #dlmt NVARCHAR(10)=N' ';
DECLARE #pos INT = 2;
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE(#input,#dlmt,N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[sql:variable("#pos")][1]','nvarchar(max)')
Edge-Case with XML-forbidden characters
If your string might include forbidden characters, you still can do it this way. Just use FOR XML PATH on your string first to replace all forbidden characters with the fitting escape sequence implicitly.
It's a very special case if - additionally - your delimiter is the semicolon. In this case I replace the delimiter first to '#DLMT#', and replace this to the XML tags finally:
SET #input=N'Some <, > and &;Other äöü#€;One more';
SET #dlmt=N';';
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE((SELECT REPLACE(#input,#dlmt,'#DLMT#') AS [*] FOR XML PATH('')),N'#DLMT#',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[sql:variable("#pos")][1]','nvarchar(max)');
UPDATE for SQL-Server 2016+
Regretfully the developers forgot to return the part's index with STRING_SPLIT. But, using SQL-Server 2016+, there is JSON_VALUE and OPENJSON.
With JSON_VALUE we can pass in the position as the index' array.
For OPENJSON the documentation states clearly:
When OPENJSON parses a JSON array, the function returns the indexes of the elements in the JSON text as keys.
A string like 1,2,3 needs nothing more than brackets: [1,2,3].
A string of words like this is an example needs to be ["this","is","an"," example"].
These are very easy string operations. Just try it out:
DECLARE #str VARCHAR(100)='Hello John Smith';
DECLARE #position INT = 2;
--We can build the json-path '$[1]' using CONCAT
SELECT JSON_VALUE('["' + REPLACE(#str,' ','","') + '"]',CONCAT('$[',#position-1,']'));
--See this for a position safe string-splitter (zero-based):
SELECT JsonArray.[key] AS [Position]
,JsonArray.[value] AS [Part]
FROM OPENJSON('["' + REPLACE(#str,' ','","') + '"]') JsonArray
In this post I tested various approaches and found, that OPENJSON is really fast. Even much faster than the famous "delimitedSplit8k()" method...
UPDATE 2 - Get the values type-safe
We can use an array within an array simply by using doubled [[]]. This allows for a typed WITH-clause:
DECLARE #SomeDelimitedString VARCHAR(100)='part1|1|20190920';
DECLARE #JsonArray NVARCHAR(MAX)=CONCAT('[["',REPLACE(#SomeDelimitedString,'|','","'),'"]]');
SELECT #SomeDelimitedString AS TheOriginal
,#JsonArray AS TransformedToJSON
,ValuesFromTheArray.*
FROM OPENJSON(#JsonArray)
WITH(TheFirstFragment VARCHAR(100) '$[0]'
,TheSecondFragment INT '$[1]'
,TheThirdFragment DATE '$[2]') ValuesFromTheArray

Here is my initial solution...
It is based on work by Aaron Bertrand http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings
I simply changed the return type to make it a scalar function.
Example:
SELECT dbo.GetSplitString_CTE('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',',4)
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetSplitString_CTE
(
#List VARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
#ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #result varchar(4000)
DECLARE #Items TABLE ( position int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
Item VARCHAR(4000)
)
DECLARE #ll INT = LEN(#List) + 1, #ld INT = LEN(#Delimiter);
WITH a AS
(
SELECT
[start] = 1,
[end] = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, #ld), 0), #ll),
[value] = SUBSTRING(#List, 1,
COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, #ld), 0), #ll) - 1)
UNION ALL
SELECT
[start] = CONVERT(INT, [end]) + #ld,
[end] = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, [end] + #ld), 0), #ll),
[value] = SUBSTRING(#List, [end] + #ld,
COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, [end] + #ld), 0), #ll)-[end]-#ld)
FROM a
WHERE [end] < #ll
)
INSERT #Items SELECT [value]
FROM a
WHERE LEN([value]) > 0
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);
SELECT #result=Item
FROM #Items
WHERE position=#ElementNumber
RETURN #result;
END
GO

How about:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.NTH_ELEMENT (#Input NVARCHAR(MAX), #Delim CHAR = '-', #N INT = 0)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT VALUE FROM STRING_SPLIT(#Input, #Delim) ORDER BY (SELECT NULL) OFFSET #N ROWS FETCH NEXT 1 ROW ONLY)
END

On Azure SQL Database, and on SQL Server 2022, STRING_SPLIT now has an optional ordinal parameter. If the parameter is omitted, or 0 is passed, then the function acts as it did before, and just returns a value column and the order is not guaranteed. If you pass the parameter with the value 1 then the function returns 2 columns, value, and ordinal which (unsurprisingly) provides the ordinal position of the value within the string.
So, if you wanted the 4th delimited value from the string '1,222,2,67,888,1111' you could do the following:
SELECT [value]
FROM STRING_SPLIT('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',',1)
WHERE ordinal = 4;
If the value was in a column, it would look like this:
SELECT SS.[value]
FROM dbo.YourTable YT
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(YT.YourColumn,',',1) SS
WHERE SS.ordinal = 4;

#a - the value (f.e. 'a/bb/ccc/dddd/ee/ff/....')
#p - the desired position (1,2,3...)
#d - the delimeter ( '/' )
trim(substring(replace(#a,#d,replicate(' ',len(#a))),(#p-1)*len(#a)+1,len(#a)))
only problem is - if desired part has trailing or leading blanks they get trimmed.
Completely Based on article from https://exceljet.net/formula/split-text-with-delimiter

In a rare moment of lunacy I just thought that split is far easier if we use XML to parse it out for us:
(Using the variables from #Gary Kindel's answer)
declare #xml xml
set #xml = '<split><el>' + replace(#list,#Delimiter,'</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
select
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
from #xml.nodes('/split/el') split(el))
This lists all elements of the string, split by the specified character.
We can use an xpath test to filter out empty values, and a further xpath test to restrict this to the element we're interested in. In full Gary's function becomes:
alter FUNCTION dbo.GetSplitString_CTE
(
#List VARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
#ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(max)
AS
BEGIN
-- escape any XML https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/143140/65992
set #list = convert(VARCHAR(MAX),(select #list for xml path(''), type));
declare #xml xml
set #xml = '<split><el>' + replace(#list,#Delimiter,'</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
declare #ret varchar(max)
set #ret = (select
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
from #xml.nodes('/split/el[string-length(.)>0][position() = sql:variable("#elementnumber")]') split(el))
return #ret
END

you can put this select into UFN. if you need you can customize it for specifying delimiter as well. in that case your ufn will have two input. number Nth and delimiter to use.
DECLARE #tlist varchar(max)='10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100'
DECLARE #i INT=1, #nth INT=3
While len(#tlist) <> 0
BEGIN
IF #i=#nth
BEGIN
select Case when charindex(',',#tlist) <> 0 Then LEFT(#tlist,charindex(',',#tlist)-1)
Else #tlist
END
END
Select #tlist = Case when charindex(',',#tlist) <> 0 Then substring(#tlist,charindex(',',#tlist)+1,len(#tlist))
Else ''
END
SELECT #i=#i+1
END

Alternatively, one can use xml, nodes() and ROW_NUMBER. We can order the elements based on their document order. For example:
DECLARE #Input VARCHAR(100) = '1a,2b,3c,4d,5e,6f,7g,8h'
,#Number TINYINT = 3
DECLARE #XML XML;
DECLARE #value VARCHAR(100);
SET #XML = CAST('<x>' + REPLACE(#Input,',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML);
WITH DataSource ([rowID], [rowValue]) AS
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY T.c ASC)
,T.c.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)')
FROM #XML.nodes('./x') T(c)
)
SELECT #value = [rowValue]
FROM DataSource
WHERE [rowID] = #Number;
SELECT #value;

I would rather create a temp table with an identity column and fill it up with output from the SPLIT function.
CREATE TABLE #tblVals(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), Val NVARCHAR(100))
INSERT INTO #tblVals (Val)
SELECT [value] FROM STRING_SPLIT('Val1-Val3-Val2-Val5', '-')
SELECT * FROM #tblVals
Now you can easily do something like below.
DECLARE #val2 NVARCHAR(100) = (SELECT TOP 1 Val FROM #tblVals WHERE Id = 2)
See the snapshot below:

You can use STRING_SPLIT with ROW_NUMBER:
SELECT value, idx FROM
(
SELECT
value,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) idx
FROM STRING_SPLIT('Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.', ' ')
) t
WHERE idx=2
returns second element (idx=2): 'ipsum'

We have the answer over below url.
DECLARE # AS VARCHAR(MAX) = 'Pawan1,Pawan2,Pawan4,Pawan3'
SELECT VALUE FROM
(
SELECT VALUE , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT null)) rnk FROM STRING_SPLIT(#, ',')
)x where rnk = 3
GO
https://msbiskills.com/2018/06/15/sql-puzzle-multiple-ways-to-split-a-string-and-get-nth-row-xml-advanced-sql/

I don't have enough reputation to comment, so I am adding an answer. Please adjust as appropriate.
I have a problem with Gary Kindel's answer for cases where there is nothing between the two delimiters
If you do
select * from dbo.GetSplitString_CTE('abc^def^^ghi','^',3)
you get
ghi
instead of an empty string
If you comment out the
WHERE LEN([value]) > 0
line, you get the desired result

I cannot comment on Gary's solution because of my low reputation
I know Gary was referencing another link.
I have struggled to understand why we need this variable
#ld INT = LEN(#Delimiter)
I also don't understand why charindex has to start at the position of length of delimiter, #ld
I tested with many examples with a single character delimiter, and they work. Most of the time, delimiter character is a single character. However, since the developer included the ld as length of delimiter, the code has to work for delimiters that have more than one character
In this case, the following case will fail
11,,,22,,,33,,,44,,,55,,,
I cloned from the codes from this link. http://codebetter.com/raymondlewallen/2005/10/26/quick-t-sql-to-parse-a-delimited-string/
I have tested various scenarios including the delimiters that have more than one character
alter FUNCTION [dbo].[split1]
(
#string1 VARCHAR(8000) -- List of delimited items
, #Delimiter VARCHAR(40) = ',' -- delimiter that separates items
, #ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS varchar(8000)
AS
BEGIN
declare #position int
declare #piece varchar(8000)=''
declare #returnVal varchar(8000)=''
declare #Pattern varchar(50) = '%' + #Delimiter + '%'
declare #counter int =0
declare #ld int = len(#Delimiter)
declare #ls1 int = len (#string1)
declare #foundit int = 0
if patindex(#Pattern , #string1) = 0
return ''
if right(rtrim(#string1),1) <> #Delimiter
set #string1 = #string1 + #Delimiter
set #position = patindex(#Pattern , #string1) + #ld -1
while #position > 0
begin
set #counter = #counter +1
set #ls1 = len (#string1)
if (#ls1 >= #ld)
set #piece = left(#string1, #position - #ld)
else
break
if (#counter = #ElementNumber)
begin
set #foundit = 1
break
end
if len(#string1) > 0
begin
set #string1 = stuff(#string1, 1, #position, '')
set #position = patindex(#Pattern , #string1) + #ld -1
end
else
set #position = -1
end
if #foundit =1
set #returnVal = #piece
else
set #returnVal = ''
return #returnVal

you can create simple table variable and use it as below
Declare #tbl_split Table (Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), VAL VARCHAR(50))
INSERT #tbl_split SELECT VALUE
FROM string_split('999999:01', ':')
Select val from #tbl_split
WHERE Id=2

Using T-SQL, return nth delimited element from a string

I have a need to create a function the will return nth element of a delimited string.
For a data migration project, I am converting JSON audit records stored in a SQL Server database into a structured report using SQL script. Goal is to deliver a sql script and a sql function used by the script without any code.
(This is a short-term fix will be used while a new auditing feature is added the ASP.NET/MVC application)
There is no shortage of delimited string to table examples available.
I've chosen a Common Table Expression example http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings
Example: I want to return 67 from '1,222,2,67,888,1111'

This is the easiest answer to rerieve the 67 (type-safe!!):
SELECT CAST('<x>' + REPLACE('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML).value('/x[4]','int')
In the following you will find examples how to use this with variables for the string, the delimiter and the position (even for edge-cases with XML-forbidden characters)
The easy one
This question is not about a string split approach, but about how to get the nth element. The easiest, fully inlineable way would be this IMO:
This is a real one-liner to get part 2 delimited by a space:
DECLARE #input NVARCHAR(100)=N'part1 part2 part3';
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE(#input,N' ',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[2]','nvarchar(max)')
Variables can be used with sql:variable() or sql:column()
Of course you can use variables for delimiter and position (use sql:column to retrieve the position directly from a query's value):
DECLARE #dlmt NVARCHAR(10)=N' ';
DECLARE #pos INT = 2;
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE(#input,#dlmt,N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[sql:variable("#pos")][1]','nvarchar(max)')
Edge-Case with XML-forbidden characters
If your string might include forbidden characters, you still can do it this way. Just use FOR XML PATH on your string first to replace all forbidden characters with the fitting escape sequence implicitly.
It's a very special case if - additionally - your delimiter is the semicolon. In this case I replace the delimiter first to '#DLMT#', and replace this to the XML tags finally:
SET #input=N'Some <, > and &;Other äöü#€;One more';
SET #dlmt=N';';
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE((SELECT REPLACE(#input,#dlmt,'#DLMT#') AS [*] FOR XML PATH('')),N'#DLMT#',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[sql:variable("#pos")][1]','nvarchar(max)');
UPDATE for SQL-Server 2016+
Regretfully the developers forgot to return the part's index with STRING_SPLIT. But, using SQL-Server 2016+, there is JSON_VALUE and OPENJSON.
With JSON_VALUE we can pass in the position as the index' array.
For OPENJSON the documentation states clearly:
When OPENJSON parses a JSON array, the function returns the indexes of the elements in the JSON text as keys.
A string like 1,2,3 needs nothing more than brackets: [1,2,3].
A string of words like this is an example needs to be ["this","is","an"," example"].
These are very easy string operations. Just try it out:
DECLARE #str VARCHAR(100)='Hello John Smith';
DECLARE #position INT = 2;
--We can build the json-path '$[1]' using CONCAT
SELECT JSON_VALUE('["' + REPLACE(#str,' ','","') + '"]',CONCAT('$[',#position-1,']'));
--See this for a position safe string-splitter (zero-based):
SELECT JsonArray.[key] AS [Position]
,JsonArray.[value] AS [Part]
FROM OPENJSON('["' + REPLACE(#str,' ','","') + '"]') JsonArray
In this post I tested various approaches and found, that OPENJSON is really fast. Even much faster than the famous "delimitedSplit8k()" method...
UPDATE 2 - Get the values type-safe
We can use an array within an array simply by using doubled [[]]. This allows for a typed WITH-clause:
DECLARE #SomeDelimitedString VARCHAR(100)='part1|1|20190920';
DECLARE #JsonArray NVARCHAR(MAX)=CONCAT('[["',REPLACE(#SomeDelimitedString,'|','","'),'"]]');
SELECT #SomeDelimitedString AS TheOriginal
,#JsonArray AS TransformedToJSON
,ValuesFromTheArray.*
FROM OPENJSON(#JsonArray)
WITH(TheFirstFragment VARCHAR(100) '$[0]'
,TheSecondFragment INT '$[1]'
,TheThirdFragment DATE '$[2]') ValuesFromTheArray

Here is my initial solution...
It is based on work by Aaron Bertrand http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings
I simply changed the return type to make it a scalar function.
Example:
SELECT dbo.GetSplitString_CTE('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',',4)
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetSplitString_CTE
(
#List VARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
#ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #result varchar(4000)
DECLARE #Items TABLE ( position int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
Item VARCHAR(4000)
)
DECLARE #ll INT = LEN(#List) + 1, #ld INT = LEN(#Delimiter);
WITH a AS
(
SELECT
[start] = 1,
[end] = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, #ld), 0), #ll),
[value] = SUBSTRING(#List, 1,
COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, #ld), 0), #ll) - 1)
UNION ALL
SELECT
[start] = CONVERT(INT, [end]) + #ld,
[end] = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, [end] + #ld), 0), #ll),
[value] = SUBSTRING(#List, [end] + #ld,
COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, [end] + #ld), 0), #ll)-[end]-#ld)
FROM a
WHERE [end] < #ll
)
INSERT #Items SELECT [value]
FROM a
WHERE LEN([value]) > 0
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);
SELECT #result=Item
FROM #Items
WHERE position=#ElementNumber
RETURN #result;
END
GO

How about:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.NTH_ELEMENT (#Input NVARCHAR(MAX), #Delim CHAR = '-', #N INT = 0)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT VALUE FROM STRING_SPLIT(#Input, #Delim) ORDER BY (SELECT NULL) OFFSET #N ROWS FETCH NEXT 1 ROW ONLY)
END

On Azure SQL Database, and on SQL Server 2022, STRING_SPLIT now has an optional ordinal parameter. If the parameter is omitted, or 0 is passed, then the function acts as it did before, and just returns a value column and the order is not guaranteed. If you pass the parameter with the value 1 then the function returns 2 columns, value, and ordinal which (unsurprisingly) provides the ordinal position of the value within the string.
So, if you wanted the 4th delimited value from the string '1,222,2,67,888,1111' you could do the following:
SELECT [value]
FROM STRING_SPLIT('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',',1)
WHERE ordinal = 4;
If the value was in a column, it would look like this:
SELECT SS.[value]
FROM dbo.YourTable YT
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(YT.YourColumn,',',1) SS
WHERE SS.ordinal = 4;

#a - the value (f.e. 'a/bb/ccc/dddd/ee/ff/....')
#p - the desired position (1,2,3...)
#d - the delimeter ( '/' )
trim(substring(replace(#a,#d,replicate(' ',len(#a))),(#p-1)*len(#a)+1,len(#a)))
only problem is - if desired part has trailing or leading blanks they get trimmed.
Completely Based on article from https://exceljet.net/formula/split-text-with-delimiter

In a rare moment of lunacy I just thought that split is far easier if we use XML to parse it out for us:
(Using the variables from #Gary Kindel's answer)
declare #xml xml
set #xml = '<split><el>' + replace(#list,#Delimiter,'</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
select
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
from #xml.nodes('/split/el') split(el))
This lists all elements of the string, split by the specified character.
We can use an xpath test to filter out empty values, and a further xpath test to restrict this to the element we're interested in. In full Gary's function becomes:
alter FUNCTION dbo.GetSplitString_CTE
(
#List VARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
#ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(max)
AS
BEGIN
-- escape any XML https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/143140/65992
set #list = convert(VARCHAR(MAX),(select #list for xml path(''), type));
declare #xml xml
set #xml = '<split><el>' + replace(#list,#Delimiter,'</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
declare #ret varchar(max)
set #ret = (select
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
from #xml.nodes('/split/el[string-length(.)>0][position() = sql:variable("#elementnumber")]') split(el))
return #ret
END

you can put this select into UFN. if you need you can customize it for specifying delimiter as well. in that case your ufn will have two input. number Nth and delimiter to use.
DECLARE #tlist varchar(max)='10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100'
DECLARE #i INT=1, #nth INT=3
While len(#tlist) <> 0
BEGIN
IF #i=#nth
BEGIN
select Case when charindex(',',#tlist) <> 0 Then LEFT(#tlist,charindex(',',#tlist)-1)
Else #tlist
END
END
Select #tlist = Case when charindex(',',#tlist) <> 0 Then substring(#tlist,charindex(',',#tlist)+1,len(#tlist))
Else ''
END
SELECT #i=#i+1
END

Alternatively, one can use xml, nodes() and ROW_NUMBER. We can order the elements based on their document order. For example:
DECLARE #Input VARCHAR(100) = '1a,2b,3c,4d,5e,6f,7g,8h'
,#Number TINYINT = 3
DECLARE #XML XML;
DECLARE #value VARCHAR(100);
SET #XML = CAST('<x>' + REPLACE(#Input,',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML);
WITH DataSource ([rowID], [rowValue]) AS
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY T.c ASC)
,T.c.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)')
FROM #XML.nodes('./x') T(c)
)
SELECT #value = [rowValue]
FROM DataSource
WHERE [rowID] = #Number;
SELECT #value;

I would rather create a temp table with an identity column and fill it up with output from the SPLIT function.
CREATE TABLE #tblVals(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), Val NVARCHAR(100))
INSERT INTO #tblVals (Val)
SELECT [value] FROM STRING_SPLIT('Val1-Val3-Val2-Val5', '-')
SELECT * FROM #tblVals
Now you can easily do something like below.
DECLARE #val2 NVARCHAR(100) = (SELECT TOP 1 Val FROM #tblVals WHERE Id = 2)
See the snapshot below:

You can use STRING_SPLIT with ROW_NUMBER:
SELECT value, idx FROM
(
SELECT
value,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) idx
FROM STRING_SPLIT('Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.', ' ')
) t
WHERE idx=2
returns second element (idx=2): 'ipsum'

We have the answer over below url.
DECLARE # AS VARCHAR(MAX) = 'Pawan1,Pawan2,Pawan4,Pawan3'
SELECT VALUE FROM
(
SELECT VALUE , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT null)) rnk FROM STRING_SPLIT(#, ',')
)x where rnk = 3
GO
https://msbiskills.com/2018/06/15/sql-puzzle-multiple-ways-to-split-a-string-and-get-nth-row-xml-advanced-sql/

I don't have enough reputation to comment, so I am adding an answer. Please adjust as appropriate.
I have a problem with Gary Kindel's answer for cases where there is nothing between the two delimiters
If you do
select * from dbo.GetSplitString_CTE('abc^def^^ghi','^',3)
you get
ghi
instead of an empty string
If you comment out the
WHERE LEN([value]) > 0
line, you get the desired result

I cannot comment on Gary's solution because of my low reputation
I know Gary was referencing another link.
I have struggled to understand why we need this variable
#ld INT = LEN(#Delimiter)
I also don't understand why charindex has to start at the position of length of delimiter, #ld
I tested with many examples with a single character delimiter, and they work. Most of the time, delimiter character is a single character. However, since the developer included the ld as length of delimiter, the code has to work for delimiters that have more than one character
In this case, the following case will fail
11,,,22,,,33,,,44,,,55,,,
I cloned from the codes from this link. http://codebetter.com/raymondlewallen/2005/10/26/quick-t-sql-to-parse-a-delimited-string/
I have tested various scenarios including the delimiters that have more than one character
alter FUNCTION [dbo].[split1]
(
#string1 VARCHAR(8000) -- List of delimited items
, #Delimiter VARCHAR(40) = ',' -- delimiter that separates items
, #ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS varchar(8000)
AS
BEGIN
declare #position int
declare #piece varchar(8000)=''
declare #returnVal varchar(8000)=''
declare #Pattern varchar(50) = '%' + #Delimiter + '%'
declare #counter int =0
declare #ld int = len(#Delimiter)
declare #ls1 int = len (#string1)
declare #foundit int = 0
if patindex(#Pattern , #string1) = 0
return ''
if right(rtrim(#string1),1) <> #Delimiter
set #string1 = #string1 + #Delimiter
set #position = patindex(#Pattern , #string1) + #ld -1
while #position > 0
begin
set #counter = #counter +1
set #ls1 = len (#string1)
if (#ls1 >= #ld)
set #piece = left(#string1, #position - #ld)
else
break
if (#counter = #ElementNumber)
begin
set #foundit = 1
break
end
if len(#string1) > 0
begin
set #string1 = stuff(#string1, 1, #position, '')
set #position = patindex(#Pattern , #string1) + #ld -1
end
else
set #position = -1
end
if #foundit =1
set #returnVal = #piece
else
set #returnVal = ''
return #returnVal

you can create simple table variable and use it as below
Declare #tbl_split Table (Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), VAL VARCHAR(50))
INSERT #tbl_split SELECT VALUE
FROM string_split('999999:01', ':')
Select val from #tbl_split
WHERE Id=2

SQL Command To Trim Output

I need to rip out the digits of a number i'm returning. I have them in a listing like X0006, X0130, and X1030. I need to pull out X's and 0's and return 6,130,1030 . I've tried RTRIM like this. Anyone have any ideas on what I need to do? I'm sure i'm missing something easy.
Thanks

Use replace to convert X and O to empty strings, cast to a integer to remove leading zeros.
Sample code below.
-- Simple number table
create table #nums
( my_id int identity(1,1),
my_text varchar(32)
);
-- Simplte test data
insert into #nums (my_text)
values
('X10X30X'),
('O00O30O');
-- Remove characters & convert to int
SELECT CAST (REPLACE(REPLACE(my_text, 'X', ''), 'O', '') AS INT) as my_number
FROM #nums
Sample output below.

Here is a function you can create that will do exactly what you're asking for and any future get digits needs.
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn__getDigits]
(
#string VARCHAR(50)
)
RETURNS int
AS
BEGIN
-- declare variables
DECLARE
#digits VARCHAR(50),
#length INT,
#index INT,
#char CHAR(1)
-- initialize variables
SET #digits = ''
SET #length = LEN(#string)
SET #index = 0
-- examine each character
WHILE (#length >= #index)
BEGIN
SET #char = SUBSTRING(#string, #index, 1)
SET #index = #index + 1
-- add to the result if the character is a digit
IF (48 <= ASCII(#char) AND ASCII(#char) <= 57)
BEGIN
SET #digits = #digits + #char
END
END
-- return the result
RETURN cast(#digits as int)
END
GO
select [dbo].[fn__getDigits]('X0006')
select [dbo].[fn__getDigits]('X0130')
select [dbo].[fn__getDigits]('X1030')

I used replace to get rid of the X and just copied/pasted into excel to get the preceding zeros off

Number of times a particular character appears in a string

Is there MS SQL Server function that counts the number of times a particular character appears in a string?

There's no direct function for this, but you can do it with a replace:
declare #myvar varchar(20)
set #myvar = 'Hello World'
select len(#myvar) - len(replace(#myvar,'o',''))
Basically this tells you how many chars were removed, and therefore how many instances of it there were.
Extra:
The above can be extended to count the occurences of a multi-char string by dividing by the length of the string being searched for. For example:
declare #myvar varchar(max), #tocount varchar(20)
set #myvar = 'Hello World, Hello World'
set #tocount = 'lo'
select (len(#myvar) - len(replace(#myvar,#tocount,''))) / LEN(#tocount)

Look at the length of the string after replacing the sequence
declare #s varchar(10) = 'aabaacaa'
select len(#s) - len(replace(#s, 'a', ''))
>>6

You can do that using replace and len.
Count number of x characters in str:
len(str) - len(replace(str, 'x', ''))

Use this function begining from SQL SERVER 2016
Select Count(value) From STRING_SPLIT('AAA AAA AAA',' ');
-- Output : 3
When This function used with count function it gives you how many
character exists in string

try that :
declare #t nvarchar(max)
set #t='aaaa'
select len(#t)-len(replace(#t,'a',''))

You can do it inline, but you have to be careful with spaces in the column data. Better to use datalength()
SELECT
ColName,
DATALENGTH(ColName) -
DATALENGTH(REPLACE(Col, 'A', '')) AS NumberOfLetterA
FROM ColName;
-OR-
Do the replace with 2 characters
SELECT
ColName,
-LEN(ColName)
+LEN(REPLACE(Col, 'A', '><')) AS NumberOfLetterA
FROM ColName;

function for sql server:
CREATE function NTSGetCinC(#Cadena nvarchar(4000), #UnChar nvarchar(100))
Returns int
as
begin
declare #t1 int
declare #t2 int
declare #t3 int
set #t1 = len(#Cadena)
set #t2 = len(replace(#Cadena,#UnChar,''))
set #t3 = len(#UnChar)
return (#t1 - #t2) / #t3
end
Code for visual basic and others:
Public Function NTSCuentaChars(Texto As String, CharAContar As String) As Long
NTSCuentaChars = (Len(Texto) - Len(Replace(Texto, CharAContar, ""))) / Len(CharAContar)
End Function

It will count occurrences of a specific character
DECLARE #char NVARCHAR(50);
DECLARE #counter INT = 0;
DECLARE #i INT = 1;
DECLARE #search NVARCHAR(10) = 'o'
SET #char = N'Hello World';
WHILE #i <= LEN(#char)
BEGIN
IF SUBSTRING(#char, #i, 1) = #search
SET #counter += 1;
SET #i += 1;
END;
SELECT #counter;

Use this code, it is working perfectly.
I have create a sql function that accept two parameters, the first param is the long string that we want to search into it,and it can accept string length up to 1500 character(of course you can extend it or even change it to text datatype).
And the second parameter is the substring that we want to calculate the number of its occurance(its length is up to 200 character, of course you can change it to what your need). and the output is an integer, represent the number of frequency.....enjoy it.
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[GetSubstringCount]
(
#InputString nvarchar(1500),
#SubString NVARCHAR(200)
)
RETURNS int
AS
BEGIN
declare #K int , #StrLen int , #Count int , #SubStrLen int
set #SubStrLen = (select len(#SubString))
set #Count = 0
Set #k = 1
set #StrLen =(select len(#InputString))
While #K <= #StrLen
Begin
if ((select substring(#InputString, #K, #SubStrLen)) = #SubString)
begin
if ((select CHARINDEX(#SubString ,#InputString)) > 0)
begin
set #Count = #Count +1
end
end
Set #K=#k+1
end
return #Count
end

Converting text to binary code - TSQL

I found a few threads on this using the search feature, but nothing for a purely T-SQL solution.
the need - A system is storing a weekly schedule as 0's and 1's in a string format to represent a week. 1 means yes, 0 means no....so 1100111 means sunday yes (first one), Monday yes (second 1), Tuesday no (the 0)...etc.
Short question - How do I go from an ascii char such as '>' to it's hex code '3E' and ultimately to it's binary '00111110' representation?
Long question - I'm extracting from a flat file system that stores a table as:
ID int,
priority_1 varchar(2)
...
It actually goes to priroity_128 (silly flat file), but I'm only interested in 1-7 and the logic for one should be easily reused for the others. I unfortunately have no control over this part of the extract. The values I get look like:
1 >
2 (edit, I actually put a symbol here that I receive from the system but the forum doesn't like.)
3 |
4 Y
I get the feeling these are appearing as their ascii chars because of the conversion as I extract.
select convert(varbinary,'>',2)
This returns 0x3E. The 0x part can be ignored... 3 in binary is 0011 and E is 1110...3E = 00111110. Trim the first 0 and it leaves the 7 bit code that I'm looking for. Unfortunately I have no idea how to express this logic here in T-SQL. Any ideas? I'm thinking as a function would be easiest to use...something like:
select id, binaryversionof(priority_1)

Here's a UDF that will convert from base-10 to any other base, including base-2...
Here's how you can use it:
SELECT YourDatabase.dbo.udf_ConvertFromBase10(convert(varbinary, '>', 2), 2)
Here's what it returns:
111110
And here's the function definition:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udf_ConvertFromBase10]
(
#num INT,
#base TINYINT
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(255)
AS
BEGIN
-- Check for a null value.
IF (#num IS NULL)
RETURN NULL
-- Declarations
DECLARE #string VARCHAR(255)
DECLARE #return VARCHAR(255)
DECLARE #finished BIT
DECLARE #div INT
DECLARE #rem INT
DECLARE #char CHAR(1)
-- Initialize
SELECT #string = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
SELECT #return = CASE WHEN #num <= 0 THEN '0' ELSE '' END
SELECT #finished = CASE WHEN #num <= 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
SELECT #base = CASE WHEN #base < 2 OR #base IS NULL THEN 2 WHEN #base > 36 THEN 36 ELSE #base END
-- Loop
WHILE #finished = 0
BEGIN
-- Do the math
SELECT #div = #num / #base
SELECT #rem = #num - (#div * #base)
SELECT #char = SUBSTRING(#string, #rem + 1, 1)
SELECT #return = #char + #return
SELECT #num = #div
-- Nothing left?
IF #num = 0 SELECT #finished = 1
END
-- Done
RETURN #return
END

Your solution returns a string of a variable length. Not sure whether it was by design or you simply overlooked that fact.
Anyway, here's my solution, which always returns 7 0s or 1s:
CREATE FUNCTION fnIntTo7Bits (#Value int)
RETURNS varchar(7)
AS BEGIN
DECLARE #Bits varchar(7);
SELECT #Bits = COALESCE(#Bits, '') + CAST(CAST(#Value & number AS bit) AS varchar)
FROM master..spt_values
WHERE type = 'P' AND number IN (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64)
ORDER BY number DESC;
RETURN #Bits;
END;
The master..spt_values table is a system table used internally but also accessible to the user. It seems to have been inherited from Sybase so it's a very old tool, which, to my mind, means it won't go too soon.
But if you like, you can use your own number table, which you don't even have to materialise, like this:
...
SELECT #Bits = COALESCE(#Bits, '') + CAST(CAST(#Value & number AS bit) AS varchar)
FROM (
SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 16 UNION ALL SELECT 32 UNION ALL SELECT 64
) s (number)
ORDER BY number DESC;
...

Answering my own question...though curious if anyone has something more elegant. I found this unsourced function using google:
CREATE FUNCTION udf_bin_me (#IncomingNumber int)
RETURNS varchar(200)
as
BEGIN
DECLARE #BinNumber VARCHAR(200)
SET #BinNumber = ''
WHILE #IncomingNumber <> 0
BEGIN
SET #BinNumber = SUBSTRING('0123456789', (#IncomingNumber % 2) + 1, 1) + #BinNumber
SET #IncomingNumber = #IncomingNumber / 2
END
RETURN #BinNumber
END
Then use the Ascii function to get the char to it's ascii decimal value:
select dbo.udf_bin_me(ascii('>'))
Seems to be a bit of a run around, but I can work from that. Better solution anyone?

I just whipped this up, it maybe buggy... but it works:
DECLARE #value INT, #binary VARCHAR(10)
SELECT #value = ASCII('m'), #binary = ''
;WITH [BINARY] ([Location], [x], [BIT])
AS
(
-- Base case
SELECT 64, #value, #value % 2
UNION ALL
-- Recursive
SELECT [BINARY].[Location] / 2, [BINARY].[x] / 2, ([BINARY].[x] / 2) % 2
FROM [BINARY]
WHERE [BINARY].[Location] >= 2
)
SELECT #binary = CAST([BIT] AS CHAR(1)) + #binary FROM [BINARY]
SELECT #binary

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