Printf displays numbers/characters incorrectly in C [closed] - c

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I am creating a program that simply allows users to do multiple things in one executable program. So for right now I input information into my struct variables and when the user enters "P" into the window, they're suppose to get the information back. The problem is that when it displays the results, instead of displaying '1 or 2' it displays "-0.23455558" and other silly symbols for characters. Here is my code.
C code
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>
typedef struct {
char fname[40];
char lname[40];
int age;
int id;
double gpa;
double price;
}student;
void Addsix(student list[]);
char Getinput();
void PrintToScreen(student list[], int count);
int main() {
student list[100];
int count = 0;
char choice;
Addsix(list);
count = 6;
choice = Getinput();
while (choice != 'Q') {
if (choice == 'P') {
PrintToScreen(list, count);
}
choice = Getinput();
}
return 0;
}
void PrintToScreen(student list[], int count) {
student temp;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("First Name: %c\n", temp.fname[i]);
printf("Last Name: %c\n", temp.lname[i]);
printf("Age: %d\n", temp.age);
printf("Id: %d\n", temp.id);
printf("Gpa: %.2f", temp.gpa);
printf("Price: %.2f", temp.price);
}
}
char Getinput() {
char pick;
printf("\n***************************************\n");
printf("Please select from the options below:\n");
printf("P....Print the inventory list onto the screen\n");
printf("A....Add a new entry\n");
printf("C....Clear all records\n");
printf("S....Create a current report(save it to a file)\n");
printf("D....Delete an item from the list(inventory)\n");
printf("U....Update ONE OF THE FIELDS (not THE id)\n");
printf("Q - QUIT\n");
printf("What would you like to do: ");
scanf(" %c", &pick);
pick = toupper(pick);
return pick;
}
void Addsix(student list[]) {
strcpy(list[0].fname, "Jon");
strcpy(list[0].lname, "pep");
list[0].age = 19;
list[0].id = 2713;
list[0].gpa = 4.0;
list[0].price = 2.79;
strcpy(list[1].fname, "Amanda");
strcpy(list[1].lname, "Stri");
list[1].age = 25;
list[1].id = 9654;
list[1].gpa = 3.5;
list[1].price = 2.84;
strcpy(list[2].fname, "Patrick");
strcpy(list[2].lname, "Collie");
list[2].age = 42;
list[2].id = 7748;
list[2].gpa = 2.4;
list[2].price = 74.5;
strcpy(list[3].fname, "Kim");
strcpy(list[3].lname, "Campbell");
list[3].age = 21;
list[3].id = 4508;
list[3].gpa = 3.27;
list[3].price = 2.25;
strcpy(list[4].fname, "Micky");
strcpy(list[4].lname, "Peoples");
list[4].age = 37;
list[4].id = 1478;
list[4].gpa = 4.0;
list[4].price = 10.0;
strcpy(list[5].fname, "ako");
strcpy(list[5].lname, "Imo");
list[5].age = 15;
list[5].id = 8520;
list[5].gpa = 2.90;
list[5].price = 96.5;
strcpy(list[6].fname, "Rick");
strcpy(list[6].lname, "Rolle");
list[6].age = 28;
list[6].id = 1379;
list[6].gpa = 3.8;
list[6].price = 55.2;
}

void PrintToScreen(student list[], int count) {
student temp;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("First Name: %c\n", temp.fname[i]);
printf("Last Name: %c\n", temp.lname[i]);
printf("Age: %d\n", temp.age);
printf("Id: %d\n", temp.id);
printf("Gpa: %.2f", temp.gpa);
printf("Price: %.2f", temp.price);
}
}
Your problem lies here. At no point do you actually access anything in the array created in the main function (and passed in as a parameter to this function). Instead, you access a variable temp created in this function, which will have arbitrary values in the members.
On top of that, since your first two members of the structure are C strings, you probably want to treat them as such rather than trying to output individual characters: i is the index within the structure array, not the character array forming the strings.
You would be better off with something like (cut down for illustration only):
void PrintToScreen(student list[], int count) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("First Name: %s\n", list[i].fname);
printf("Age: %d\n", list[i].age);
}
}

Related

Nested structures and dynamic memory allocation

I am currently learning C and trying to create an app that allows students to input their name, address, student id and any subject id they have while at university (yes this is a task part of foundations of tech course). Basically the following code tries to create an array of students (that is unlimited in size) by using dynamic allocating memory. Further a student can have unlimited amounts of subjects (that is nested within the student subject and is dynamically allocated)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
typedef struct {
char subjectID[10];
char subjectName[10];
float grades;
}subject;
typedef struct {
char name[10];
int id;
struct subject *enrol;
char address[100];
int status;
int totalSubject;
}student; // This structure is to act like an unlimited list of students
int option=0, q=0, j=0, k=0, p=0, delete=0, position=0;
int count=0; // keeps the count of numbers added
student * studentAddress;
studentAddress = NULL; //Init structure
studentAddress->enrol = NULL; // Init nested structure
int flag = 0; //variable to indicate whether the number to delete is found or not
while (1) // Life cycle of the app
{
printf("1 - Add new student\n");
printf("2 - Display all students\n");
printf("3 - Delete student by id \n");
printf("4 - Delete student by name \n");
printf("5 - Quit\n");
scanf("%d",&option);
switch (option)
{
case 1: studentAddress = realloc(studentAddress, sizeof(student)*(count+1)); //using realloc memory is requested for the new number
printf("Enter your name\n");
fflush(stdin);
gets(studentAddress[count].name);
fflush(stdin);
printf("Enter your id\n");
scanf("%d", &studentAddress[count].id);
printf("Enter your address\n");
fflush(stdin);
gets(studentAddress[count].address);
fflush(stdin);
int subjectCounter = 0;
subjectCounter = 0;
char subjectContinue[10];
for (p = 0; p < subjectCounter; p++)
{
studentAddress[count].enrol = (struct subject *)realloc(studentAddress[count].enrol, (sizeof(subject)*(subjectCounter+1)));
// studentAddress[count].enrol[subjectCounter] = (struct subject *)realloc(sizeof(subject)*(subjectCounter+1));
// Above is teacher paste
printf("What is the id of your subject %d\n", (subjectCounter+1));
fflush(stdin);
gets(studentAddress[count].enrol[subjectCounter].subjectID);
fflush(stdin);
printf("Would you like to add another subject id\n");
fflush(stdin);
gets(subjectContinue);
fflush(stdin);
if (strcmp(subjectContinue, "Y") == 0)
{
subjectCounter++;
}
studentAddress[count].totalSubject = subjectCounter;
}
count++;
printf("\n");
break;
case 2:
for (j=0; j<count; j++)
{
if(studentAddress[j].status != 0)
printf("%s\n %d\n %s\n", studentAddress[j].name, studentAddress[j].id, studentAddress[j].address);
for (q = 0; q < studentAddress[count].totalSubject; q++)
{
printf("%s", studentAddress[j].enrol[q].subjectID);
}
}
printf("\n");
break;
case 3: k=count;
flag=0;
printf("Type the id of the person record you want to delete\n");
scanf("%d", &delete);
for (j=0; j < count; j++)
{
if (delete == studentAddress[j].id)
{
strcpy(studentAddress[j].name, " ");
strcpy(studentAddress[j].address, " ");
studentAddress[j].id = 0;
studentAddress[j].status = 0;
flag = 1;
}
}
if(flag==0)
printf("id not in the list ...\n");
else
printf("Deletion successful ...\n");
printf("\n");
break;
case 4:
flag=0;
char deletChar[100];
printf("Type the name of the person record you want to delete\n");
fflush(stdin);
gets(deletChar);
fflush(stdin);
for (j=0; j < count; j++)
{
if (strcmp(deletChar, studentAddress[j].name)==0)
{
flag = 1;
strcpy(studentAddress[j].name, " ");
strcpy(studentAddress[j].address, " ");
studentAddress[j].id = 0;
studentAddress[j].status = 0;
flag = 1;
}
}
if(flag==0)
printf("name not in the list ...\n");
else
printf("Deletion successful ...\n");
printf("\n");
break;
return 0;
case 5:
return 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
I try running this code and get the error on line 68 and similar on line 95
subscript of pointer to incomplete type 'struct subject'
gets(studentAddress[count].enrol[subjectCounter].subjectID);
plus I get this note (from the compiler) below the error
forward declaration of 'struct subject' struct subject *enrol;
My tutor and lecture have both tried helping me, but they have had no success. They are like most of my code looks correct, but it will not work. Sorry I am new to stack overflow so if you want me to add more information please let me know.
The easiest way to solve this is to create a function.
struct student* allocate_student() {
struct subject* new_subject = allocate_subject();
struct student* new_struct = malloc(sizeof(struct student));
// initialize all fields, which will eventually include
new_struct->enrol = new_subject;
return new_struct;
}
This code fails to check for any error conditions. You should add that. In addition, allocate_subject() is also not defined. Considering the offered example, odds are good you can figure out how to write allocate_subject().
If you add in parameters, allocate_student() might be a bad method name. With enough parameters to construct any student, you might want to call it construct_student(...)

Building a struct with a function

Hello i'm trying to build a function to search a car for a client by client demand.
The structure contains: model,year,price.
the client is asked to enter his demands and then the code calls a function that check if there is a car in the structure that is suitable for him.
I get error for "access violation reading error"
thanks!
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define SIZE 10
typedef struct
{
char model[10];
float price;
int year;
}car;
void findCar(car *arr[], int minYear, float maxPrice, char modelWanted, int carAmount);
int main()
{
int carAmount;
car* arr;
puts("How many cars?");
scanf("%d", &carAmount);
arr = (car*)malloc(carAmount * sizeof(car));
if (arr == NULL)
return -1;
for (int i = 0; i < carAmount; i++)
{
puts("Enter car details, Model, Price,Year");
scanf("%s%f%d",arr[i].model,&arr[i].price,&arr[i].year);
}
char modelWanted[SIZE];
float maxPrice;
int minYear;
puts("Enter wanted model,maximum price and minimum year!");
scanf("%s%f%d", modelWanted, &maxPrice, &minYear);
for (int i = 0; i < carAmount; i++)
printf("Model is: %s, Price is: %.2f, Year is: %d\n", arr[i].model, arr[i].price, arr[i].year);
findCar(&arr, minYear, maxPrice, modelWanted, carAmount);
free(arr);
return 1;
}
void findCar(car *arr[], int minYear, float maxPrice, char modelWanted,int carAmount)
{
int i, counter = 0;
for (i = 0; i < carAmount; i++)
if (((strcmp(arr[i]->model, modelWanted)) == 0) && (arr[i]->year >= minYear) && (arr[i]->price <= maxPrice))
{
printf("Model is: %s, Price is: %.2f, Year is: %d\n", arr[i]->model, arr[i]->price, arr[i]->year);
++counter;
}
printf("We found %d cars for you!", counter);
}
You are passing pointer to array of struct
car *arr[]
so instead of accessing elements by arr[i]->model like you do, you should access them using (*arr)[i].model. The method you uses is for accessing the array of pointers to struct element, but you have pointer to array of struct.
Of course already commented char instead of char* will also cause run time error, but you should have received compiler warning for this.

Stack around the variable was corrupted with pointer arithmetics

With the code below, I'd always run into "Stack around the variable 'UserCode' was corrupted.
If I'm not mistaken, when I do userCode = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*N);, shouldn't it create an "array" with size of char*n ? I'm guessing my issue is either with my declaration of an array, or my pointer arithmetic.
Any help would be highly appreciated.
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <math.h>
int userPrompt1() {
int numOfAlphabets = 0;
printf("Please enter a number from 1 to 8 to choose how many alphabets you want\n");
scanf_s(" %d", &numOfAlphabets);
if (numOfAlphabets > 8 || numOfAlphabets < 0) {
printf("Sorry! Invalid number entered. Try again. \n");
numOfAlphabets = userPrompt1();
}
return numOfAlphabets;
}
int userPrompt2() {
int numOfLetters = 0;
printf("Please enter the number of letters you want to guess\n");
scanf_s(" %d", &numOfLetters);
if (numOfLetters < 0) {
printf("Sorry! Invalid number entered. Try again. \n");
numOfLetters = userPrompt2;
}
return numOfLetters;
}
int tryCalculator(int K, int N) {
int tries = 0;
tries = 1 + ceil(N * log2(K));
return tries;
}
void codeGenerator(char codeGuessIn[], char letters[], int size) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
int rando = rand() % size;
codeGuessIn[i] = letters[rando];
printf(" %c", codeGuessIn[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
void codeChecker(char codeGuessIn[], char generatedCode[], int size) {
int correctAlphabets = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (codeGuessIn[i] == generatedCode[i]) {
correctAlphabets++;
}
}
printf(" %d in correct place \n", correctAlphabets);
}
void getUserCode(int size, char *userCode[]) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("Please enter letter #%d \n", i+1);
getchar();
scanf_s(" %c", &userCode[i]);
}
}
int main(void)
{
char letters[8] = { 'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H' };
char *generatedCode; //array to hold generated code
char *userCode; // array to hold generated code.
int K = userPrompt1(); //how many different alphabets in code
int N = userPrompt2(); //how many letters in code
int tries = tryCalculator(K, N);
//int gameEnd = 1;
userCode = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*N);
generatedCode = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*N);
codeGenerator(generatedCode, letters, N);
getUserCode(N, &userCode);
//codeChecker(userCode, generatedCode, N);
return 0;
}
void getUserCode(int size, char *userCode[]) {
scanf_s(" %c", &userCode[i]);
Here, userCode[i] is a char * (pointer-to-char), &userCode[i] is a char ** (pointer-to-pointer-to-char), and scanf("%c") expects a char *. A good compiler would warn about that.
I think what you meant to do here is something like:
void getUserCode(int size, char *userCode) {
scanf_s(" %c", &userCode[i]);
}
int main(void) {
char *userCode = malloc(N);
getUserCode(N, userCode);
}
The printf(), getchar(), scanf() combination here reeks of the bad habits created by scanf: you're discarding the first character entered by the user because you're relying on an extra character in the input buffer.
See http://c-faq.com/stdio/scanfprobs.html and read full lines of input with fgets() instead of using scanf().
Also,
int userPrompt2() {
int numOfLetters = 0;
...
numOfLetters = userPrompt2;
}
You're assigning a function pointer to an int. (A normal compiler should warn about this.) If the idea here is to call the function again to repeat the prompt in case the user enters something silly, it's probably a better idea to use a loop instead of a recursive call anyway.

Expression must have class type error

I'm working on a homework assignment and I've hit a brick wall. I think I have all of the code that I need, I just need to get the program to compile. The object of the assignment is
Create a structure to hold student names and averages. The structure should contain a first name, last name and an integer grade average.
Then:
Write a program that will do the following:
1.) Create an array of pointers to these student structures.
2.) Prompt the user for names and averages.
3.) After you get the student’s information use malloc to provide the memory to store the information.
4.) Place the address of the student, returned by malloc, into the pointer array.
5.) AFTER the user indicates there are no more students:
Search the data entered and find the highest and lowest grade
average.
a)Print the name and grade for the highest grade
b)Print the name and grade for the lowest grade
c)Print the average of all grades entered
Here is my code:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SIZE 25
int enterStudents (int ePointArray[SIZE]);
void searchData (int *sPointArray, int *sHigh, int *sLow);
int calculateAvg (int, int *avgPointArray);
void printData (int, int *pHigh, int *pLow);
struct student
{
char firstName[20];
char lastName[20];
int average;
};
int main()
{
int pointArray[SIZE], high[3], low[3];
int i = 0, studentCounter, avgGrade;
for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
pointArray[i] = 0;
studentCounter = enterStudents(pointArray);
searchData(pointArray, high, low);
avgGrade = calculateAvg(studentCounter, pointArray);
printData(avgGrade, high, low);
return 0;
}
int enterStudents (int ePointArray[SIZE])
{
char tempFname[20], tempLname[20], yesNo[2] = "y";
int tempAvg, counter = 0;
int *studPtr;
struct student aStud={"\0", "\0", 0};
while( counter < SIZE && strcmp(yesNo, "y")==0)
{
printf(" Enter first name: ");
scanf("%s", tempFname);
printf(" Enter last name: ");
scanf("%s", tempLname);
printf(" Enter grade average:");
scanf("%d", tempAvg);
strcpy(aStud.firstName, tempFname);
strcpy(aStud.lastName, tempLname);
aStud.average = tempAvg;
studPtr = malloc(sizeof(struct student));
ePointArray[counter] = *studPtr;
counter++;
printf("/n");
printf(" Do you have more students? yes or no:");
scanf("%s", yesNo);
}
return counter;
}
void searchData (int sPointArray[SIZE], int sHigh[3], int sLow[3])
{
int searchCounter = 0;
while( searchCounter = 0)
{
if( *sPointArray[searchCounter].average > *sPointArray[searchCounter+1].average)
{
sHigh[0] = &sPointArray[searchCounter].firstName;
sHigh[1] = &sPointArray[searchCounter].lastName;
sHigh[2] = &sPointArray[searchCounter].average;
}
if( *sPointArray[searchCounter].average < *sPointArray[searchCounter+1].average)
{
sLow[0] = &sPointArray[searchCounter].firstName;
sLow[1] = &sPointArray[searchCounter].lastName;
sLow[3] = &sPointArray[searchCounter].average;
}
searchCounter++;
}
}
int calculateAvg( int totalStudents, int avgPointArray[SIZE])
{
int sum = 0;
int avgCounter;
double overallAvg;
for( avgCounter = 0; avgCounter < totalStudents; avgCounter++)
sum = sum + *avgPointArray[avgCounter].average;
overallAvg = sum/totalStudents;
return overallAvg;
}
void printData (int pAverage, int pHigh[3], int pLow[3])
{
printf(" Highest Grade: %s %s %d", pHigh[0], pHigh[1], pHigh[3]);
printf("/n");
printf(" Lowest Grade: %s %s %d", pLow[0], pLow[2], pLow[3]);
printf("/n");
printf(" Average Grade: %d",pAverage);
}
The main chunk of problems come from the searchData function. In the if statements, every occurrence of *sPointArray and &sPointArray is underlined in red and the error reads
"Error: expression must have class type"
The same thing also happens in the calculateAvg function with *avgPointArray in the for loop. I know that the error is a fairly common problem for noobie C programmers (i.e myself) and that it generally has to do with writing the code as a function instead of a statement or something like that, but I can't for the life of me find where I have went wrong. Any help would be highly appreciated. I've been working at this for so long my vision is blurring.
Also, for anyone who solves this in like two seconds and wants proof that I'm a true idiot, there is an error in the enterStudents function where it says StudPtr = malloc(sizeof...). The error shows under the assignment symbol and says
"Error: a value of type "void*" cannot be assigned to an entity of type "int*".
I understand this concept in theory, but some advice for how to fix it would be highly appreciated.
Thank you in advance for any help.
You declare the sPointArray as an array of integers, but use it as an array of structures.

2 questions on typedef struct and averages on grades. Am I doing it correctly In C?

I need help on two questions, Its not homework but its to study for an exam. I need to have these questions because i was allowed 1 full page of notes for the exam. If you could help me these two simple questions for me that would be great. Here are the questions:
"Write a function called getGrades. The function that repeatedly prompts the user for positive integers until the user enters a negative value to stop. The function should return the average of these grades and the highest grade."
"Write a function called Get_Info that takes a pointer to a student structure, (that has three fields: char array called name, an int id, and a double gpa) as its only argument. The function prompts the user for the required information to fill the structure and stores it in the appropriate fields."
What I have so far, Let me know if they are correct and if i need to add anything.
1.
double getGrades() {
double average;
double i;
For(i=1 ; i<i; i++)
{
printf("Enter Grade1:\n");
scanf("%lf", &i);
}
if (i<0)
{
(double) average == (grade1 + grade2 + grade3) / 3;
return average;
}
}
2.
typedef struct {
int id;
double gpa;
char name[SIZE];
} student;
void Get_Info(student list[], int num) {
int i;
for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
printf("\nName:%s", list[i].name);
printf("\nGPA:%lf", list[i].gpa);
printf("\nID: %d\n", list[i].id);
}
}
On #1: The requirement is that the function accept ints. You are scanning for doubles.
The requirement is "The function should return the average of these grades and the highest grade." You only return one double, when two different outputs are called for.
Your for loop is written as "For" (C is case-sensitive), and is based on the test i<i. When will i ever be less than itself??
Here's my version of it.
double getGrades(int* max)
{
int sum = 0;
int input;
int i = 0;
*max = 0;
printf("Enter Grade #%d:\n", i+1);
scanf("%d", &input);
while (input > 0) {
if (*max < input) {
*max = input;
}
sum = sum + input;
i++;
printf("Enter Grade #%d:\n", i+1);
scanf("%d", &input);
}
return i? ((double)sum / i) : 0;
}
Your #2 is much better than your #1, but still has some errors:
The requirement is that the function takes a pointer to a student struct, NOT an array.
It should then print a series of Prompts, and get a series of answers (just as you did in #1).
This is a sequence of printf/scanf.
And when using scanf, you typically pass the ADDRESS of the variable, using &.
(strings are a exception, however)
Here is my version:
typedef struct {
char name[SIZE];
int id;
double gpa;
} student;
void Get_Info(student* ps) {
printf("Enter Name\n");
scanf("%s", ps->name);
printf("Enter ID:\n");
scanf("%d", &ps->id);
printf("Enter GPA\n");
scanf("%lf", &ps->gpa);
}
Try this. It should seem intuitive enough:
double getGrades() {
double average;
double grade;
double total = 0;
int count = 0;
while (1) {
printf("Enter grade: ");
scanf("%d", &grade);
if (grade < 0) {
if (count == 0) {
average = 0;
break;
}
average = total/count;
break;
}
count++;
total += grade;
}
return average;
}

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