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Powershell foreach regarding multiple collections
(1 answer)
Display multiple array values in list in Powershell
(2 answers)
Closed 3 months ago.
I have 2 arrays: I need to sort them in foreach to modify 1 file.
1 array with dbs name like:
$dbs = ['Honda', 'Toyota', 'BMW', 'Opel']
2nd array with their size like:
$dbsSize = ['123', '300', '222', '143']
and I can sort names in foreach like
foreach ($db in $dbs){
# some logic..
}
How can I sort 2nd array in the same foreach so I can use it in the same loop
Like this:
foreach ($db in $dbs) {
# some logic with $db
# and here I need some logic with $dbsSize
}
but to sort out $dbsSize like $dbs because I need the result like :
Honda
123
Toyota
300
etc.
Do I need to create another loop?
It seems to me you have two arrays where the indices determine which element of the one array belongs to the element in the other array.
It is unclear how you created them and why you did not create an array of objects with both properties together in the first place, but you can still do that like this:
$dbs = 'Honda', 'Toyota', 'BMW', 'Opel'
$dbsSize = '123', '300', '222', '143'
$result = for($i = 0; $i -lt [math]::Max($dbs.Count, $dbsSize.Count); $i++) {
[PsCustomObject]#{
Car = $dbs[$i]
Size = $dbsSize[$i]
}
}
# sort the items on 'Car' for instance
$result = $result | Sort-Object Car
# show on screen
$result
# save to structured CSV file you can open in Excel
$result | Export-Csv -Path 'X:\Somewhere\cars.csv' -UseCulture -NoTypeInformation
Result on screen using the above exampe looks like
Car Size
--- ----
BMW 222
Honda 123
Opel 143
Toyota 300
I don't see any sorting in your code, I only see enumeration. Seems like you want to enumerate both collections sequentially, in that case you would need to use a for loop instead of foreach:
$dbs = "['Honda', 'Toyota', 'BMW', 'Opel']" | ConvertFrom-Json
$dbsSize = "['123', '300', '222', '143']" | ConvertFrom-Json
for($i = 0; $i -lt [math]::Max($dbs.Count, $dbsSize.Count); $i++) {
$dbs[$i]
$dbsSize[$i]
}
If you want to use a foreach loop and both collections have the same Length, then you can get the items of one of them (your choice which) via indexing [ ]:
$i = 0
foreach($item in $dbs) {
$item
$dbsSize[$i++]
}
If you're looking to merge both arrays into objects, an easy way to do it is with the function from this answer, the usage in this case would be:
$dbs, $dbsSize | Join-Array -Columns Car, Size
I have a way of doing Arrays in other languagues like this:
$x = "David"
$arr = #()
$arr[$x]["TSHIRTS"]["SIZE"] = "M"
This generates an error.
You are trying to create an associative array (hash). Try out the following
sequence of commands
$arr=#{}
$arr["david"] = #{}
$arr["david"]["TSHIRTS"] = #{}
$arr["david"]["TSHIRTS"]["SIZE"] ="M"
$arr.david.tshirts.size
Note the difference between hashes and arrays
$a = #{} # hash
$a = #() # array
Arrays can only have non-negative integers as indexes
from powershell.com:
PowerShell supports two types of multi-dimensional arrays: jagged arrays and true multidimensional arrays.
Jagged arrays are normal PowerShell arrays that store arrays as elements. This is very cost-effective storage because dimensions can be of different size:
$array1 = 1,2,(1,2,3),3
$array1[0]
$array1[1]
$array1[2]
$array1[2][0]
$array1[2][1]
True multi-dimensional arrays always resemble a square matrix. To create such an array, you will need to access .NET. The next line creates a two-dimensional array with 10 and 20 elements resembling a 10x20 matrix:
$array2 = New-Object 'object[,]' 10,20
$array2[4,8] = 'Hello'
$array2[9,16] = 'Test'
$array2
for a 3-dimensioanl array 10*20*10
$array3 = New-Object 'object[,,]' 10,20,10
To extend on what manojlds said above is that you can nest Hashtables. It may not be a true multi-dimensional array but give you some ideas about how to structure the data. An example:
$hash = #{}
$computers | %{
$hash.Add(($_.Name),(#{
"Status" = ($_.Status)
"Date" = ($_.Date)
}))
}
What's cool about this is that you can reference things like:
($hash."Name1").Status
Also, it is far faster than arrays for finding stuff. I use this to compare data rather than use matching in Arrays.
$hash.ContainsKey("Name1")
Hope some of that helps!
-Adam
Knowing that PowerShell pipes objects between cmdlets, it is more common in PowerShell to use an array of PSCustomObjects:
$arr = #(
[PSCustomObject]#{Name = 'David'; Article = 'TShirt'; Size = 'M'}
[PSCustomObject]#{Name = 'Eduard'; Article = 'Trouwsers'; Size = 'S'}
)
Or for older PowerShell Versions (PSv2):
$arr = #(
New-Object PSObject -Property #{Name = 'David'; Article = 'TShirt'; Size = 'M'}
New-Object PSObject -Property #{Name = 'Eduard'; Article = 'Trouwsers'; Size = 'S'}
)
And grep your selection like:
$arr | Where {$_.Name -eq 'David' -and $_.Article -eq 'TShirt'} | Select Size
Or in newer PowerShell (Core) versions:
$arr | Where Name -eq 'David' | Where Article -eq 'TShirt' | Select Size
Or (just get the size):
$arr.Where{$_.Name -eq 'David' -and $_.Article -eq 'TShirt'}.Size
Addendum 2020-07-13
Syntax and readability
As mentioned in the comments, using an array of custom objects is straighter and saves typing, if you like to exhaust this further you might even use the ConvertForm-Csv (or the Import-Csv) cmdlet for building the array:
$arr = ConvertFrom-Csv #'
Name,Article,Size
David,TShirt,M
Eduard,Trouwsers,S
'#
Or more readable:
$arr = ConvertFrom-Csv #'
Name, Article, Size
David, TShirt, M
Eduard, Trouwsers, S
'#
Note: values that contain spaces or special characters need to be double quoted
Or use an external cmdlet like ConvertFrom-SourceTable which reads fixed width table formats:
$arr = ConvertFrom-SourceTable '
Name Article Size
David TShirt M
Eduard Trouwsers S
'
Indexing
The disadvantage of using an array of custom objects is that it is slower than a hash table which uses a binary search algorithm.
Note that the advantage of using an array of custom objects is that can easily search for anything else e.g. everybody that wears a TShirt with size M:
$arr | Where Article -eq 'TShirt' | Where Size -eq 'M' | Select Name
To build an binary search index from the array of objects:
$h = #{}
$arr | ForEach-Object {
If (!$h.ContainsKey($_.Name)) { $h[$_.Name] = #{} }
If (!$h[$_.Name].ContainsKey($_.Article)) { $h[$_.Name][$_.Article] = #{} }
$h[$_.Name][$_.Article] = $_ # Or: $h[$_.Name][$_.Article]['Size'] = $_.Size
}
$h.david.tshirt.size
M
Note: referencing a hash table key that doesn't exist in Set-StrictMode will cause an error:
Set-StrictMode -Version 2
$h.John.tshirt.size
PropertyNotFoundException: The property 'John' cannot be found on this object. Verify that the property exists.
Here is a simple multidimensional array of strings.
$psarray = #(
('Line' ,'One' ),
('Line' ,'Two')
)
foreach($item in $psarray)
{
$item[0]
$item[1]
}
Output:
Line
One
Line
Two
Two-dimensional arrays can be defined this way too as jagged array:
$array = New-Object system.Array[][] 5,5
This has the nice feature that
$array[0]
outputs a one-dimensional array, containing $array[0][0] to $array[0][4].
Depending on your situation you might prefer it over $array = New-Object 'object[,]' 5,5.
(I would have commented to CB above, but stackoverflow does not let me yet)
you could also uses System.Collections.ArrayList to make a and array of arrays or whatever you want.
Here is an example:
$resultsArray= New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
[void] $resultsArray.Add(#(#('$hello'),2,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1))
[void] $resultsArray.Add(#(#('$test', '$testagain'),3,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,2))
[void] $resultsArray.Add("ERROR")
[void] $resultsArray.Add(#(#('$var', '$result'),5,1,1,0,1,1,0,2,3))
[void] $resultsArray.Add(#(#('$num', '$number'),3,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,2))
One problem, if you would call it a problem, you cannot set a limit. Also, you need to use [void] or the script will get mad.
Using the .net syntax (like CB pointed above)
you also add coherence to your 'tabular' array...
if you define a array...
and you try to store diferent types
Powershell will 'alert' you:
$a = New-Object 'byte[,]' 4,4
$a[0,0] = 111; // OK
$a[0,1] = 1111; // Error
Of course Powershell will 'help' you
in the obvious conversions:
$a = New-Object 'string[,]' 2,2
$a[0,0] = "1111"; // OK
$a[0,1] = 111; // OK also
Another thread pointed here about how to add to a multidimensional array in Powershell. I don't know if there is some reason not to use this method, but it worked for my purposes.
$array = #()
$array += ,#( "1", "test1","a" )
$array += ,#( "2", "test2", "b" )
$array += ,#( "3", "test3", "c" )
Im found pretty cool solvation for making arrays in array.
$GroupArray = #()
foreach ( $Array in $ArrayList ){
$GroupArray += #($Array , $null)
}
$GroupArray = $GroupArray | Where-Object {$_ -ne $null}
Lent from above:
$arr = ConvertFrom-Csv #'
Name,Article,Size
David,TShirt,M
Eduard,Trouwsers,S
'#
Print the $arr:
$arr
Name Article Size
---- ------- ----
David TShirt M
Eduard Trouwsers S
Now select 'David'
$arr.Where({$_.Name -eq "david"})
Name Article Size
---- ------- ----
David TShirt M
Now if you want to know the Size of 'David'
$arr.Where({$_.Name -eq "david"}).size
M
This question already has answers here:
Powershell Multidimensional Arrays
(11 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
To group data, every time there's a "new person" as below, I want to add their info to that temporary array and reset that array to null.
Before each "new person" array is set to null, I want to add that array to an array of people. An array of arrays.
How can I add one array into another?
$people = import-csv "./people.csv"
$h = #{}
$h.gettype()
$all_people
ForEach ($person in $people) {
$new_person
if ($person -match '[0-9]') {
Write-host $person
}
else {
write-host "new person"
write-host $person
}
}
output:
thufir#dur:~/flwor/people$
thufir#dur:~/flwor/people$ pwsh foo.ps1
IsPublic IsSerial Name BaseType
-------- -------- ---- --------
True True Hashtable System.Object
new person
#{people=joe}
#{people=phone1}
#{people=phone2}
#{people=phone3}
new person
#{people=sue}
#{people=cell4}
#{people=home5}
new person
#{people=alice}
#{people=atrib6}
#{people=x7}
#{people=y9}
#{people=z10}
thufir#dur:~/flwor/people$
I have something like this:
$people = import-csv "./people.csv"
$all_people
$new_person = "new","person"
$new_person.GetType()
ForEach ($person in $people) {
if ($person -match '[0-9]') {
Write-host $person
$new_person.Add($person)
}
else {
write-host "new person"
write-host $person
#$new_person = null
$new_person = "new","person"
}
}
Powershell doesnt provide a good functionality to create an array of array with use of basic arrays.
What you can do use use an array of hashtable or PsCustomObjects to create yourself an array of arrays.
Yes you can create array of arrays.
Example we create 3 arrays like
$a = 1..5
$b = 6..10
$c = 11..15
Now we can add them in another array $d
$d = $a,$b,$c
Now we can access them like:
$d[0]
# Output
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
# 5
$d[0][2]
# Output is $a arrays 3rd element
I wish to display an array of hastables as a Table. I found several threads dealing with this issue, but so far no solution has worked for me (see here and here).
My array consists of 18 hashtables in this form:
Array = #(
#{Company=1}
#{Company=2}
#{Company=3}
#{Contact=X}
#{Contact=Y}
#{Contact=Y}
#{Country=A}
#{Country=B}
#{Country=C}
)
I would like to get the following output:
Company Contact Country
------------------------------
1 X A
2 Y B
3 Z C
I've tried the following:
$Array | ForEach-Object { New-Object -Type PSObject -Property $_ } | Format-Table
That displays the following:
Company
----------
1
2
3
A Format-List works better; I then get this:
Company: 1 2 3
Contact: X Y Z
Country: A B C
Is there any way to accomplish my desired output?
You can do the following if you want to work with CSV data and custom objects:
$Array = #(
#{Company=1}
#{Company=2}
#{Company=3}
#{Contact='X'}
#{Contact='Y'}
#{Contact='Z'}
#{Country='A'}
#{Country='B'}
#{Country='C'}
)
$keys = $Array.Keys | Get-Unique
$data = for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Array.($Keys[0]).Count; $i++) {
($Keys | Foreach-Object { $Array.$_[$i] }) -join ','
}
($Keys -join ','),$data | ConvertFrom-Csv | Format-Table
Explanation:
Since $Array is an array of hash tables, then the .Keys property will return all the keys of those hash tables. Since we only care about unique keys when building our object, Get-Unique is used to remove duplicates.
$Array.($Keys[0]).Count counts the number of items in a group. $Keys[0] here will be Company. So it returns the number of hash tables (3) that contain the key Company.
$Array.Company for example returns all values from the hash tables that contain the key Company. The Foreach-Object loops through each unique key's value at a particular index ($i). Once each key-value is read at a particular index, the values are joined by a comma.
When the loop completes, ($Keys -join ','),$data outputs the data in CSV format, which is piped into ConvertFrom-Csv to create a custom object.
Note: that if your data contains commas, you may want to consider the alternative method below.
Alernatively, you can work with hash tables and custom objects with the following:
$Array = #(
#{Company=1}
#{Company=2}
#{Company=3}
#{Contact='X'}
#{Contact='Y'}
#{Contact='Z'}
#{Country='A'}
#{Country='B'}
#{Country='C'}
)
$keys = $Array.Keys | Get-Unique
$data = for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Array.($Keys[0]).Count; $i++) {
$hash = [ordered]#{}
$Keys | Foreach-Object { $hash.Add($_,$Array.$_[$i]) }
[pscustomobject]$hash
}
$data | Format-Table
I have the following code:
$DataType = "X,Y,Z"
$Data = "1,2,3"
$Table = #()
for ($i = 0; $i -le ($DataType.Count-1); $i++)
{
$Properties = #{$DataType[$i]=$Data[$i]}
$Object = New-Object -TypeName PSCustomObject -Property $Properties
$Table += $Object
}
$Table | Format-Table -AutoSize
I get this output:
X
-
1
What I would like to get is:
X Y Z
- - -
1 2 3
Thanks for your help!
Cutting a long story short:
$DataType, $Data | ConvertFrom-Csv
X Y Z
- - -
1 2 3
Ok, it needs a little explanation:
PowerShell will automatically unroll the array of strings ($DataType, $Data) and supply it as individual line items to the pipeline. The ConvertFrom-Csv cmdlet supports supplying the input table through the pipeline as separate lines (strings).
You can do the following instead:
$DataType = "X","Y","Z"
$Data = 1,2,3
$hash = [ordered]#{}
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $DataType.Count; $i++) {
$hash.Add($DataType[$i],$Data[$i])
}
$table = [pscustomobject]$hash
Explanation:
The code creates two collections, $DataType and $Data, of three items. $hash is an ordered hash table. [ordered] is used to preserve the order at which key-value pairs are added to the hash table. Since $hash is the object type hashtable, it contains the .Add(key,value) method for adding key-value pairs.
Since the [pscustomobject] type accelerator can be cast on a hash table, we can simply use the syntax [pscustomobject]$hash to create a new object.
If we consider your attempt, your variables are actually single strings rather than collections. Surrounding a value with quotes causes PowerShell to expand the inner contents as a string. When you index a string rather than a collection, you index the characters in the string rather than the entire item. You need to quote the individual elements between the commas so that the , acts as a separator rather than part of the string. You can see this behavior in the code below:
# DataType as a string
$DataType = "X,Y,Z"
$DataType[1]
,
# DataType as an array or collection
$DataType = "X","Y","Z"
$DataType[1]
Y
If you receive your data from another output in the current format, you can manipulate using $DataType = $DataType.Split(',') in order to create a collection. Alternatively you can treat the data as comma-separated and use the Import-Csv or ConvertFrom-Csv commands as in iRon's answer provided you order your strings properly.
Inside of your loop, you are adding three new objects to your collection $table rather than creating one object with three properties. $table += $Object creates an array called $table that appends a new item to the previous list from $table. If this was your original intention, you can view your collection by running $table | Format-List once you fix your $DataType and $Data variables.
When a collection is enumerated, the default table view displays the properties of the first object in a collection. Any succeeding objects will only display values for the first object's matching properties. So if object1 has properties X and Y and object2 has properties Y and Z, the console will only display values for properties X and Y for both objects. Format-List overrides this view and displays all properties of all objects. See below for an example of this behavior:
$obj1
X Y
- -
1 2
$obj2
Y Z
- -
3 4
$array = $obj1,$obj2
# Table View
$array
X Y
- -
1 2
3
# List View
$array | Format-List
X : 1
Y : 2
Y : 3
Z : 4
It seems that you want to create a single object with a property for each value in the arrays $DataType/$Data, but the problems are...
Neither $DataType nor $Data are arrays.
By creating your object inside the for loop you will create one object per iteration.
Since $DataType is a scalar variable $DataType.Count returns 1. Ordinarily, testing for $DataType.Count-1 would mean the loop never gets entered, but by the grace of using -le (so 0 -le 0 returns $true) instead of -lt, it does for exactly one iteration. Thus, you do get your single result object, but with only the first property created.
To fix this, let's create $DataType and $Data as arrays, as well as creating one set of properties before the loop to be used to create one result object after the loop...
...
$DataType = "X,Y,Z" -split ','
$Data = "1,2,3" -split ','
$Properties = #{}
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $DataType.Count; $i++)
{
$Properties[$DataType[$i]] = $Data[$i]
}
New-Object -TypeName PSCustomObject -Property $Properties | Format-Table -AutoSize
You'll also notice that $i -le ($DataType.Count-1) has been simplified to $i -lt $DataType.Count. On my system the above code outputs...
Y Z X
- - -
2 3 1
The properties are correct, but the order is not what you wanted. This is because Hashtable instances, such as $Properties, have no ordering among their keys. To ensure that the properties are in the order you specified in the question, on PowerShell 3.0 and above you can use this to preserve insertion order...
$Properties = [Ordered] #{}
What if you initialized $Table as an appendable like so:
$Table = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
for ($i = 0; $i -le ($DataType.Count-1); $i++)
{
$Properties = #{$DataType[$i]=$Data[$i]}
$Object = New-Object -TypeName PSCustomObject -Property $Properties
$Table.Add ( $Object )
}
Reformat your logic as needed.
One solution to this problem (if the inputs were two separate arrays):
$DataType = #( 'X','Y','Z' )
$Data = #( '1','2','3' )
$Table = New-Object psobject
for ($i = 0; $i -le ( $DataType.Count-1 ); $i++)
{
$Table | Add-Member -Name "$( $DataType[$i] )" -Value ( $Data[$i] ) -MemberType NoteProperty
}
$Table