How to get the year wise employee as per the promotion - sql-server

Question

How to get the year wise employee as per the promotion.
Example:
Employee Number 'A-001' Join on '01-07-2013' then the O/P will be showing in image.
As Employee Number 'A-001' there is no promotion in 2014 then in Last_Designation,Promoted_Designation, Last_Gross and Promoted_Gross
need to be same as 2013 or previous one.
Below is my SQL Query with Data.
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Employee](
[Emp_No] [numeric](18, 0) NULL,
[Emp_Number] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Emp_Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Emp_JoiningDate] [date] NULL,
[Emp_ResignDate] [date] NULL,
[Emp_Status] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Emp_CurrentDesignation] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Emp_CurrentGross] [numeric](18, 0) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
INSERT INTO [UserDB].[dbo].[Employee]
([Emp_No]
,[Emp_Number]
,[Emp_Name]
,[Emp_JoiningDate]
,[Emp_ResignDate]
,[Emp_Status]
,[Emp_CurrentDesignation]
,[Emp_CurrentGross])
VALUES
(1,'A-001','Alex','2012-07-01',null,'On Board','Trainee3',2000)
GO
INSERT INTO [UserDB].[dbo].[Employee]
([Emp_No]
,[Emp_Number]
,[Emp_Name]
,[Emp_JoiningDate]
,[Emp_ResignDate]
,[Emp_Status]
,[Emp_CurrentDesignation]
,[Emp_CurrentGross])
VALUES
(2,'A-002','Smith','2014-07-01','2015-07-01','Resigned','HR1',1500)
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Promotion](
[Prom_No] [numeric](18, 0) NULL,
[Prom_EmpNo] [numeric](18, 0) NULL,
[Last_Designation] [nvarchar](500) NULL,
[Promoted_Designation] [nvarchar](500) NULL,
[WEF_Date] [date] NULL,
[Promoted_Gross] [numeric](18, 0) NULL,
[Last_Gross] [numeric](18, 0) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
INSERT INTO [UserDB].[dbo].[Promotion]
([Prom_No]
,[Prom_EmpNo]
,[Last_Designation]
,[Promoted_Designation]
,[WEF_Date]
,[Promoted_Gross]
,[Last_Gross])
VALUES
(1,1,'Trainee1','Trainee2','2013-11-01',1000,500)
GO
INSERT INTO [UserDB].[dbo].[Promotion]
([Prom_No]
,[Prom_EmpNo]
,[Last_Designation]
,[Promoted_Designation]
,[WEF_Date]
,[Promoted_Gross]
,[Last_Gross])
VALUES
(2,1,'Trainee2','Trainee3','2015-03-01',2000,1000)
GO

Answer 1

Try my script with various sample data and let me know if it not working any particular sample data.
First you can create and populate one year table which can be
permanent .In my example it is temporary.
create table #Year(yr int primary key)
insert into #Year
select (ROW_NUMBER()over(order by number)+1900) from master..spt_values
--select * from #Year
Main query start from here.
;WITH CTE
AS (
SELECT Emp_No NewEmpNo
,min(year(emp_joiningdate)) minYear
,max(year(case when Emp_ResignDate is not null then Emp_ResignDate else getdate() END)) maxYear
FROM [dbo].[Employee]
GROUP BY Emp_No
)
,CTE1
AS (
SELECT c.yr
,p.NewEmpNo
,e.*
FROM cte p
CROSS APPLY (
SELECT yr
FROM #Year c
WHERE c.yr >= minYear
AND c.yr <= maxYear
) c
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT e.*
,p.*
,year(isnull(p.WEF_Date,e.Emp_JoiningDate)) PYr
FROM dbo.employee E
LEFT JOIN [dbo].[Promotion] P ON e.Emp_No = p.Prom_EmpNo
) e ON p.NewEmpNo = e.Emp_No
AND c.yr = e.pyr
)
--select * from CTE1
,CTE2 as
(
SELECT yr
,NewEmpNo
,isnull(c.Emp_Number, prv.Emp_Number) Emp_Number
,isnull(c.Emp_Name, prv.Emp_Name) Emp_Name
,isnull(c.Emp_JoiningDate, prv.Emp_JoiningDate) Emp_JoiningDate
,isnull(c.Emp_ResignDate, prv.Emp_ResignDate) Emp_ResignDate
,isnull(c.Emp_Status, prv.Emp_Status) Emp_Status
,isnull(c.Emp_CurrentDesignation, prv.Emp_CurrentDesignation) Emp_CurrentDesignation
,isnull(c.Emp_CurrentGross, prv.Emp_CurrentGross) Emp_CurrentGross
,COALESCE(c.Last_Designation, prv.Last_Designation
,c.Emp_CurrentDesignation,prv.Emp_CurrentDesignation) Last_Designation
,COALESCE(c.Promoted_Designation, prv.Promoted_Designation
,c.Emp_CurrentDesignation,prv.Emp_CurrentDesignation) Promoted_Designation
,COALESCE(c.Last_Gross, prv.Last_Gross
,c.Emp_CurrentGross, prv.Emp_CurrentGross) Last_Gross
,COALESCE(c.Promoted_Gross, prv.Promoted_Gross
,c.Emp_CurrentGross, prv.Emp_CurrentGross) Promoted_Gross
,prv. PYr
--,prv1.*
FROM cte1 c
outer APPLY (
SELECT TOP 1 prve.*
,prvp.*
,year(isnull(WEF_Date,Emp_JoiningDate))Pyr
FROM dbo.employee prve
LEFT JOIN [dbo].[Promotion] prvp ON prve.Emp_No = prvp.Prom_EmpNo
WHERE (c.yr >= year(isnull(WEF_Date,Emp_JoiningDate))
)
AND c.NewEmpNo = prve.Emp_No
ORDER BY isnull(WEF_Date,Emp_JoiningDate) DESC
) prv
)
select
yr
,NewEmpNo
,isnull(c.Emp_Number, prv.Emp_Number) Emp_Number
,isnull(c.Emp_Name, prv.Emp_Name) Emp_Name
,isnull(c.Emp_JoiningDate, prv.Emp_JoiningDate) Emp_JoiningDate
,isnull(c.Emp_ResignDate, prv.Emp_ResignDate) Emp_ResignDate
,isnull(c.Emp_Status, prv.Emp_Status) Emp_Status
,isnull(c.Emp_CurrentDesignation, prv.Emp_CurrentDesignation) Emp_CurrentDesignation
,isnull(c.Emp_CurrentGross, prv.Emp_CurrentGross) Emp_CurrentGross
,COALESCE(c.Last_Designation, prv.Last_Designation
,c.Emp_CurrentDesignation,prv.Emp_CurrentDesignation) Last_Designation
,COALESCE(c.Promoted_Designation, prv.Promoted_Designation
,c.Emp_CurrentDesignation,prv.Emp_CurrentDesignation) Promoted_Designation
,COALESCE(c.Last_Gross, prv.Last_Gross
,c.Emp_CurrentGross, prv.Emp_CurrentGross) Last_Gross
,COALESCE(c.Promoted_Gross, prv.Promoted_Gross
,c.Emp_CurrentGross, prv.Emp_CurrentGross) Promoted_Gross
,prv. PYr
from cte2 c
outer apply(
SELECT TOP 1 prve.*
,prvp.*
,year(isnull(WEF_Date,Emp_JoiningDate))Pyr
FROM dbo.employee prve
LEFT JOIN [dbo].[Promotion] prvp ON prve.Emp_No = prvp.Prom_EmpNo
WHERE (c.yr <= year(isnull(WEF_Date,Emp_JoiningDate))
)
AND c.NewEmpNo = prve.Emp_No
ORDER BY isnull(WEF_Date,Emp_JoiningDate)
)prv
ORDER BY yr
DROP TABLE #Year

Answer 2

The CTE [Year] is to get the list of years from the Emp_JoiningDate and ResignDate. After that just CROSS join to the Employee table
For the promotion information (prev and promoted), use OUTER APPLY to get the last row by WEF_Date
; with
[Year] as
(
select [Year] = min(datepart(year, e.Emp_JoiningDate))
from [Employee] e
union all
select [Year] = y.[Year] + 1
from [Year] y
where [Year] < datepart(year, getdate())
)
select y.[Year], e.Emp_No, e.Emp_Number, e.Emp_Name, e.Emp_JoiningDate,
e.Emp_ResignDate, e.Emp_Status,
e.Emp_CurrentDesignation, e.Emp_CurrentGross,
Last_Designation = coalesce(p.Last_Designation, e.Emp_CurrentDesignation),
Promoted_Designation= coalesce(p.Promoted_Designation, e.Emp_CurrentDesignation),
Last_Gross = coalesce(p.Last_Gross, e.Emp_CurrentGross),
Promoted_Gross = coalesce(p.Promoted_Gross, e.Emp_CurrentGross)
from [Employee] e
cross join [Year] y
outer apply
(
select top 1 *
from [Promotion] x
where x.Prom_EmpNo = e.Emp_No
and datepart(year, x.[WEF_Date]) <= y.[Year]
order by x.WEF_Date desc
) p
where y.[Year] >= datepart(year, e.Emp_JoiningDate)
and y.[Year] <= datepart(year, isnull(e.Emp_ResignDate, getdate()))
order by y.[Year], e.Emp_No
RESULT
2013 1 A-001 Alex 2013-07-01 NULL On Board Trainee3 2000 Trainee1 Trainee2 500 1000
2014 1 A-001 Alex 2013-07-01 NULL On Board Trainee3 2000 Trainee1 Trainee2 500 1000
2014 2 A-002 Smith 2014-07-01 2015-07-01 Resigned HR1 1500 HR1 HR1 1500 1500
2015 1 A-001 Alex 2013-07-01 NULL On Board Trainee3 2000 Trainee2 Trainee3 1000 2000
2015 2 A-002 Smith 2014-07-01 2015-07-01 Resigned HR1 1500 HR1 HR1 1500 1500
2016 1 A-001 Alex 2013-07-01 NULL On Board Trainee3 2000 Trainee2 Trainee3 1000 2000
2017 1 A-001 Alex 2013-07-01 NULL On Board Trainee3 2000 Trainee2 Trainee3 1000 2000