Loading a shared object library - c

I have this little program that I took from some example around the web:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
void *handle;
double (*cosine)(double);
char *error;
handle = dlopen("libzapi_v2.so.1", RTLD_LAZY);
if (!handle) {
printf("no handle \n");
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", dlerror());
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
dlerror(); /* Clear any existing error */
/* Writing: cosine = (double (*)(double)) dlsym(handle, "cos");
would seem more natural, but the C99 standard leaves
casting from "void *" to a function pointer undefined.
The assignment used below is the POSIX.1-2003 (Technical
Corrigendum 1) workaround; see the Rationale for the
POSIX specification of dlsym(). */
fprintf(stderr, "handle is here \n");
*(void **) (&cosine) = dlsym(handle, "cos");
if ((error = dlerror()) != NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("%f\n", (*cosine)(2.0));
dlclose(handle);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
I compile it with gcc -rdynamic -o np np.c and then when I run with ./np
I get the following error:
ld-elf.so.1: assert failed: /usr/src/libexec/rtld-elf/rtld.c:1046
Abort (core dumped)
I search and searched for people with similar issues, but can't find anything. Can anyone offer some troubleshooting suggestions ?
This is on latest freebsd.

Related

dlsym import method once for subsequent use

Please consider the below code
shared.c
#include <stdio.h>
void printCharArray(char *someArray){
if (!someArray){
printf("someArray is null!\n");
} else {
printf("Array is %s\n", someArray);
}
}
and question.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#define LIB "/tmp/some.so"
void *handle = 0;
void localfunc();
int main(){
handle = dlopen(LIB, RTLD_LAZY);
if (!handle){
fprintf(stderr, "dlopen err\n");
exit(1);
}
dlerror();
void (*printCharArray)() = dlsym(handle, "printCharArray");
char *err = dlerror();
if (err){
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", err);
exit(1);
}
printCharArray(); // some work
localfunc();
}
void localfunc(){
puts("localfunc");
dlerror();
void (*printCharArray)() = dlsym(handle, "printCharArray"); // <- This
char *err = dlerror();
if (err){
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", err);
exit(1);
}
printCharArray(); // do some work in localfunc
}
Compile and run
2035 gcc -shared -o /tmp/some.so shared.c -fPIC
2036 gcc -ldl question.c
$ ./a.out
someArray is null!
localfunc
someArray is null!
Notice how in localfunc I call dlsym again to import "printCharArray" which was previously done in main(). I am looking to avoid this - how can I make this method available after the 1st import? (iow, how can I make my 1st import to be available as a fn prototype for use anywhere in question.c?)
Declare the function pointer as a global variable, rather than local to main().
Give it the correct parameter declaration so the call matches the definition. And then call it with an argument.
There's no point in calling dlerror() before calling dlsym(). And it doesn't do anything useful if you don't assign the result to something.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#define LIB "/tmp/some.so"
void *handle = 0;
void localfunc();
void (*printCharArray)(char *);
int main(){
handle = dlopen(LIB, RTLD_LAZY);
if (!handle){
fprintf(stderr, "dlopen err: %s\n", dlerror());
exit(1);
}
printCharArray = dlsym(handle, "printCharArray");
if (!printCharArray) {
char *err = dlerror();
printf(stderr, "%s\n", err);
exit(1);
}
printCharArray(NULL); // some work
localfunc();
}
void localfunc(){
puts("localfunc");
printCharArray("something"); // do some work in localfunc
}

Example of using sysctl() call in C on Linux

I've read some of the warnings against using the sysctl() call in C, and it seems if I cannot use sysctl() safely, the only other way I can find to make the needed change would be to use soemething like:
system("echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=NEW_MAX_DIRECTORIES >> /etc/sysctl.conf");
system("sysctl -p");
(of course, this assumes ensuring the binary is running as root. However, I would rather NOT have to shell out using system calls.
Can someone point me in the correct and safe of using sysctl()?
here is a snippet of the code I am using.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main ()
{
int ret;
const char *LOGNAME="iNotifyMonitor";
logger(INFO, "================================================");
ret = startDaemon();
daemonRunning = ret;
if (ret == 0)
{
daemonRunning = 1;
FIRST_RUN = 0;
}
if(ret)
{
syslog(LOG_USER | LOG_ERR, "Error starting iNotifyMonitor");
logger(ERR, "Unable to start iNotifyMonitor");
closelog();
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
signal(SIGINT, signalHandler);
signal(SIGHUP, signalHandler);
char *log_file_name = malloc(sizeof(char *) * sizeof(char *));
sprintf(log_file_name, "%s%s", INM_LOG_DIR, INM_LOG_FILE);
/* Try to open log file to this daemon */
if (INM_OPEN_LOG && INM_LOG_FILE)
{
log_stream = fopen(concatString(INM_LOG_DIR, INM_LOG_FILE), "a+");
if (log_stream == NULL)
{
char *errMsg;
sprintf(errMsg, "Cannot open log file %s, error: %s", concatString(INM_LOG_DIR, INM_LOG_FILE), strerror(errno));
log_stream = stdout;
}
}
else
{
log_stream = stdout;
}
while (daemonRunning == 1)
{
if (ret < 0)
{
logger(LOG_ERR, "Can not write to log stream: %s, error: %s", (log_stream == stdout) ? "stdout" : log_file_name, strerror(errno));
break;
}
ret = fflush(log_stream);
if (ret != 0)
{
logger(LOG_ERR, "Can not fflush() log stream: %s, error: %s",
(log_stream == stdout) ? "stdout" : log_file_name, strerror(errno));
break;
}
int curcount =countDirectory("/home/darrinw/Development/CrossRoads/");
directoryCount = curcount;
if(directoryCounrt > INM_MAX_DIRECTORIES)
{
int newVal = roundUp(directoryCount, 32768);
// call to sysctl() to modify fs.inotify.max_users_watches=newVal
}
sleep(INM_SCAN_INTERVAL);
}
My understanding is that the modern recommended approach to access sysctl variables is via the pseudo-files in /proc/sys. So just open /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches and write there.
int fd = open("/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches", O_WRONLY);
dprintf(fd, "%d", NEW_MAX_DIRECTORIES);
close(fd);
Error checking left as an exercise.
Modifying /etc/sysctl.conf would make the setting persist across reboots (assuming your distribution uses the file this way, I am not sure if all of them do). That's kind of rude to do automatically; probably better to use the documentation to advise the system administrator to do it themselves if it's needed.

undefined reference to `_fcloseall'

I am having trouble compiling my program.
The error message is: undefined reference to `_fcloseall', I think it could be a missing library file at the beginning. It might be also useful to know that I am programming on Windows 8.1 + Cygwin. Which library could be missing or do you see any other mistake?
Here is the code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void cleanup1();
void cleanup2();
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE * file;
if(argc < 2){
printf("\ncommand bsp10085 <file>");
exit(1);
}
assert(atexit(cleanup1) == 0);
assert(atexit(cleanup2) == 0);
if((datei = fopen(argv[1], "r")) != NULL){
printf("\nfile %s is being processed ..",argv[1]);
fclose(datei);
}
else
printf("\nfile '%s' is missing. ", argv[1]);
}
void cleanup1(){
printf("\nCleanup the rest");
}
void cleanup2(){
printf("\nClose all open files");
fflush(NULL);
_fcloseall();
}
I tried to compile your code (in ubuntu though) and i also got a warning: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘fcloseall’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] fcloseall();
I think that if you add
#define _GNU_SOURCE
before
#include<stdio.h>
your program should work fine. This is your code after i changed some other warnings as well:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void cleanup1();
void cleanup2();
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *datei;
if(argc < 2){
printf("\ncommand bsp10085 <file>");
exit(1);
}
assert(atexit(cleanup1) == 0);
assert(atexit(cleanup2) == 0);
if((datei = fopen(argv[1], "r")) != NULL){
printf("\nfile %s is being processed ..",argv[1]);
fclose(datei);
}
else
printf("\nfile '%s' is missing. ", argv[1]);
return 0;
}
void cleanup1(){
printf("\nCleanup the rest");
}
void cleanup2(){
printf("\nClose all open files");
fflush(NULL);
fcloseall();
}

Getting retval, cleanup, destroy failed using Papi

I am trying to test out using papi, but I am getting some errors that I don't understand why they're occurring. I couldn't find anything online for them. The code is below
I am using PAPI and C.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "papi.h"
#define INDEX 100
static void test_fail(char *file, int line, char *call, int retval);
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
extern void dummy(void *);
float matrixa[INDEX][INDEX], matrixb[INDEX][INDEX], mresult[INDEX] [INDEX];
float real_time, proc_time, mflops;
long long flpins;
int retval, status = 0;
int i,j,k;
long_long values[1];
FILE *file;
file = fopen("output.txt","w");
retval = PAPI_library_init(PAPI_VER_CURRENT);
int EventSet = PAPI_NULL;
PAPI_create_eventset(&EventSet);
if(PAPI_add_event(EventSet, PAPI_LD_INS) != PAPI_OK)
{
fprintf(file,"PAPI failed to add Load/Store instructions\n");
}
if (PAPI_state(EventSet, &status) != PAPI_OK)
fprintf(file,"state fail\n");
fprintf(file, "State is now %d\n", status);
if (PAPI_start(EventSet) != PAPI_OK)
fprintf(file,"start fail\n");
if (PAPI_state(EventSet, &status) != PAPI_OK)
fprintf(file,"state2 fail\n");
fprintf(file, "State is now %d\n", status);
/* Initialize the Matrix arrays */
for ( i=0; i<INDEX; i++ ){
mresult[0][i] = 0.0;
matrixa[0][i] = matrixb[0][i] = rand()*(float)1.1; }
if((retval=PAPI_flops( &real_time, &proc_time, &flpins, &mflops))<PAPI_OK)
fprintf(file,"retval failed\n");
for (i=0;i<INDEX;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<INDEX;j++)
{
for(k=0;k<INDEX;k++)
{
mresult[i][j]=mresult[i][j] + matrixa[i][k]*matrixb[k][j];
}
}
}
if((retval=PAPI_flops( &real_time, &proc_time, &flpins, &mflops)) <PAPI_OK)
{
fprintf(infile,"ret2 failed\n");
}
fprintf(file,"Real_time:\t%f\nProc_time:\t%f\nTotal flpins:\t%lld \nMFLOPS:\t\t%f\n",
real_time, proc_time, flpins, mflops);
fflush(file);
fprintf(file,"%s\tPASSED\n", __FILE__);
fflush(file);
if (PAPI_read(EventSet, values) != PAPI_OK)
{fprintf(file,"read fail\n");}
if (PAPI_stop(EventSet, values) != PAPI_OK)
{fprintf(file,"stop fail\n");}
if (PAPI_cleanup_eventset(&EventSet) != PAPI_OK)
{fprintf(file,"cleanup fail\n");}
if (PAPI_destroy_eventset(&EventSet) != PAPI_OK)
{fprintf(file,"destroy fail\n");}
fprintf(file,"\nValues is %f\n", values[0]);
fflush(file);
fclose(file);
PAPI_shutdown();
exit(0);
}
In the output file, I just see the below:
State is now 1
State is now 2
retval failed
ret2 failed
Real_time: 0.000000
Proc_time: 0.000000
Total flpins: 99
MFLOPS: 0.000000
PAPI_flops.c PASSED
cleanup fail
destroy fail
I don't understand why ret, ret2, cleanup and destroy failed. Why?
You can use the PAPI_perror or PAPI_strerror functions to get the error message associated with an error return value. This may help track down why, for example, PAPI_flops is failing. (It could be that there is no support on your system for the required events.)
The reason why PAPI_cleanup_eventset is failing though is because it takes just the integer EventSet, not a pointer to it.
I'd strongly recommend emitting the error return value strings, and also compiling with warnings on — the latter would likely have found the issue with the wrong parameter type.

Root-SUID C wrapper debugging

I am new to C and this is a simple wrapper I wrote to run execute scripts as different user. I understand I can do visudo in etc/sudoers but, I already did this and I don't want it to go to waste, also it will help me improve writing in C. I seem to ha The problem is I am having errors when I compile it. My operating system is Ubuntu 12.04.03 LTS. Can someone help me fix these errors?
rootsuidwrapper.c: In function ‘trusted’:
rootsuidwrapper.c:60:15: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default]
rootsuidwrapper.c: In function ‘main’:
rootsuidwrapper.c:116:48: error: too many arguments to function ‘stat’
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/stat.h:211:12: note: declared here
It would be nice if someone could fix these errors and give me the working code. Also, I would like to know what I did wrong.
* This program must be run as root to work.
*/
#if !defined(lint) && !defined(SABER) || defined(RCS_HDRS)
#endif /* !lint && !SABER || RCS_HDRS */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#define TRUSTED_GROUP "trusted"
typedef enum { false = 0, true } bool;
#ifdef __STDC__
bool trusted(char *whoami)
#else
bool trusted(whoami)
char *whoami;
#endif /* __STDC__ */
{
char *user;
char host[BUFSIZ + 1];
char domain[BUFSIZ + 1];
struct hostent *hp;
/*
* Figure out whether this user on this host in this domain is
* trusted.
*/
/*
* Determine our domain name
*/
(void) memset(domain, '\0', sizeof(domain));
getdomainname(domain, sizeof(domain) - 1);
/*
* Figure out our fully canonicalized hostname
*/
(void) memset(host, '\0', sizeof(host));
gethostname(host, sizeof(host) - 1);
if ((hp = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL) {
strcat(host, ".");
strcat(host, domain);
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: WARNING: can't canonlicalize hostname; assuming %s.\n",
whoami, host);
}
else {
strcpy(host, hp->h_name);
}
/*
* Get login name of current user
*/
if ((user = cuserid(NULL)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, " %s: You do not seem to be in the passwd file!\n",
whoami);
return(false);
}
/*
* Look this triple up in the trusted netgroup
*/
return ((innetgr(TRUSTED_GROUP, host, user, domain) == 1) ? true : false);
}
#ifdef __STDC__
main(int argc, char *argv[])
#else
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
#endif /* __STDC__ */
{
char *whoami;
int ouruid; /* uid we set to run chown and chmod */
int proguid; /* uid we are chowning program to */
char *filename;
struct stat statbuf;
int error = 0;
if (whoami = strrchr(argv[0], '/'))
whoami ++;
else
whoami = argv[0];
if (argc == 3)
proguid = atoi(argv[2]);
else if (argc == 2)
proguid = 0;
else {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s filename [proguid]\n", whoami);
exit(1);
}
filename = argv[1];
if (trusted(whoami))
ouruid = 0;
else
ouruid = getuid();
if (setuid(ouruid) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Warning: setuid(%d) failed: ", whoami, ouruid);
perror(NULL);
exit(1);
}
if (stat(filename, &statbuf, sizeof(struct stat)) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: failure statting %s: ", whoami, filename);
perror(NULL);
exit(1);
}
if (chown(filename, proguid, -1) == -1) {
error++;
fprintf(stderr, "%s: chown %d %s failed: ", whoami, proguid, filename);
perror(NULL);
fprintf(stderr, "continuing...\n");
}
if (chmod(filename, statbuf.st_mode | S_ISUID)) {
error++;
fprintf(stderr, "%s: chmod u+s %s failed: ", whoami, filename);
perror(NULL);
}
return(error);
}
Help is appreciated,
NAME
stat, fstat, lstat - get file status
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
int fstat(int filedes, struct stat *buf);
int lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
Remove your third parameter in the call to stat(). Your code should then be:
if (stat(filename, &statbuf) == -1) {
There is no need to tell stat() the size of the buffer because stat() expects a struct stat * which has a fixed size.
For the compiler warning:
cuserid() returns a pointer to a character (char*). When any function returns a pointer, and you want to place the return value into a buffer, then you have to put the return value into a specific place in the buffer, usually the beginning. Specifically, you should use:
*user = cuserid(NULL);
if(user == NULL)
Remember, cuserid() returns a pointer to a single character. Therefore, the return value of the function should go into a single character - that is, *user or user[0]. When the above code is used, the compiler shouldn't complain. Then you place the result of cuserid(NULL) into user, from the first byte to the rest of the memory allocated.

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