Structure with pointer for string - c

I have a char pointer in the structure to store names.When I inserted the values and printed the last value of name is getting printed for all nodes.
typedef struct tests{
int id;
char *p;
struct tests *next;
}test;'
'void add(test **root,int id,char *name){
test *newnode=(test* )malloc(sizeof(test));
newnode->id=id;
newnode->p=name;
newnode->next=NULL;
test *curr;
curr=(*root);
if((*root)==NULL){
(*root)=newnode;
}
else{
while(curr->next!=NULL){
curr=curr->next;
}
curr->next=newnode;
}
}

Most likely what you intend to achieve is something along these lines:
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct test_s {
int id;
char *p;
struct test_s *next;
} test_t;
test_t** add(test_t **root, int id, char const *name){
size_t len = strlen(name);
test_t *newnode=(test_t*)malloc(sizeof(test_t)+len+1); // 1 goes for \0 terminator
newnode->id=id;
strcpy(newnode->p=(void*)(newnode+1), name);
newnode->next=NULL;
test_t **tail = root;
while (*tail) {
tail = &(*tail)->next;
}
*tail = newnode;
return &(newnode->next);
}
Problem with your code is, you never copied your string assigning just a single pointer instead.
Take a look at pointers mechanics once again, additionally I would advise you to check string.h reference.

Related

how to make structs point to different strings?

I have a struct and in that a struct i have a character pointer but and i am creating different instances of this struct but when i am changing the pointer in one struct the other is also changing.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct human{
int age;
char name[100];
} Human;
int main(){
FILE *s = fopen("h.txt","r");
if(s==NULL){
printf("file not available");
}
for(int i=0 ;i<5;i++){
Human h;
fscanf(s,"%d",&h.age);
fscanf(s,"%s",h.name);
insertintolinkedlist(h);
// this method is going to insert the human into the linked list
}
return 0;
}
what is happening that all humans in the linked list have different ages but same name!
You need to allocate memory to hold the name.
char* name is just a pointer - it has no memory for saving the name.
You change it to
char name[100];
Remember to check that the names you put into Human.name isn't longer than 100 characters.
To use a linked list you can do something like:
typedef struct human{
int age;
char name[100];
struct human* next;
} Human;
int main()
{
Human* head = NULL;
Human* tail = NULL;
for(.....)
{
Human* h = malloc(sizeof(Human));
if (head == NULL) head = h;
if (tail != NULL)
{
tail->next = h;
}
tail = h;
h->next = NULL;
h->age = ....;
strncpy(h->age, "..name..", 100);
}
// ..... other code
// Remember to free all allocated memory
}

Adding Characters into Struct

I am trying to read characters into a linked list (I made this simple test code just to try to read in the characters) for some reason I cannot get it to read in a character value.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
struct node
{
char name[50];
struct node *next;
}*head;
void add(char AddName);
int main()
{
head = NULL;
char TempName[50];
printf("What Name");
scanf(" %s", TempName);
add(TempName);
printf("%s",head->name);
return 0;
}
void add(char AddName)
{
struct node *temp;
temp = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
strcpy(temp->name,AddName);
head = temp;
head->next = NULL;
}
I understand this is not how a linked list works I just made this to try to get to be able to run a single character name into the struct and print it back out. (I should be able to enter in the name Bob and it prints bob)
I think your function parameter definition is wrong. Try this:
void add(char *AddName)
{
....
}

Declaration of variable, simple linked list

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node
{
char name[30];
int age;
struct node *next;
} *list_head,*neos;
main()
{
}
void add_node_to_the_list(char data1[],int data2)
{
neos=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
strcpy(neos->name,data1);
age=data2;
neos->next=list_head;
list_head=neos;
}
void display_list()
{
struct node *p;
p=list_head;
while(p!=NULL)
{
puts(p->name);
printf("%d\n",age);
p=p->next;
}
}
When I compile this code I get an error because I haven't declare the "age" variable, although I have done that inside the struct node, outside the main function. Why?
Here you go:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node
{
char name[30];
int age;
struct node *next;
}*list_head,*neos;
main()
{
}
void add_node_to_the_list(char data1[],int data2)/*Ç óõíáñôçóç áõôç ðñïóèåôåé êïìâï óôç ëéóôá*/
{
neos=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
strcpy(neos->name,data1);
neos->age=data2; //the correction is made here
neos->next=list_head;
list_head=neos;
}
void display_list()
{
struct node *p;
p=list_head;
while(p!=NULL)
{
puts(p->name);
printf("%d\n",p->age); //and here
p=p->next;
}
}
Note that you have been trying to access a struct element without pointing it.
Replace age=data2; by neos->age = data2;
and replace printf("%d\n",age); by printf("%d\n", p->age);
There is no age variable, age is a member of struct node.
You have declared it in a structure so to access it you have to pass by your structure
neos->age
age is just an element in a structure.
So assuming we have a structure defined as the following:
struct PlaceHolder {
int int_element
char char_element
} * place_holder;
to access any of the elements you need to access the structure first and reference the element in that structure.
place_holder->int_element = 5;
place_holder->char_element = "a";
In your case you have both list_head and neos as global variables, so to access an element in any of them you have to do:
list_head->age = data2;
neos->age = data2;

Dynamic array of linked lists in C

Basically I have to store words in linked list with each character having its own node. I get really confused with nested structures. How do I go to the next node? I know i'm doing this completely wrong which is why I'm asking.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct node
{
char letter;
}NODE;
typedef struct handle
{
NODE **arr;
}HANDLE;
HANDLE * create();
void insert(handle **, char, int);
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
FILE *myFile;
HANDLE *table = (HANDLE *)malloc(sizeof(HANDLE));
NODE *linked = (NODE *)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
int counter = 0;
linked = NULL;
table->arr[0] = linked;
char c;
myFile = fopen(argv[argc], "r");
while((c = fgetc(myFile)) != EOF)
{
if(c != '\n')
insert(&table, c, counter);
else
{
counter++;
continue;
}
}
}
void insert(HANDLE **table, char c, int x)
{
(*table)->arr[x]->letter = c; //confused on what to do after this or if this
//is even correct...
}
You have a linked list of words with each word being a linked list of characters. Am I right? If so, it is better to use the names for what they are:
typedef struct char_list
{
char letter;
struct char_list * next;
} word_t;
typedef struct word_list
{
word_t * word;
struct word_list_t * next;
} word_list_t;
Now, you can populate the lists as per need.
For a linked-list, you typically have a link to the next node in the node structure itself.
typedef struct node
{
char letter;
struct node *next;
}NODE;
Then from any given node NODE *n, the next node is n->next (if not NULL).
insert should scan the list until it finds an n->next that is NULL, and allocate a new node at the end (make sure to set its next to NULL).
You may want to have a function to initialize a new list given the table index, and a separate function to initialize a new node.

Pointers and structs

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "dictionary.h"
#define HASH_SIZE 100
// prototype
int hash(char *word);
// counter
int counter;
// node
typedef struct
{
char *word;
node *next;
} node;
// hash table
node *hashtable[HASH_SIZE];
bool
load(const char *dictionary)
{
// open the dictionary
FILE *dict = fopen(dictionary, "r");
if(dict == NULL)
{
printf("Could not open %s.\n", dictionary);
return false;
}
// set all values in the hash table to null
for(int i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; i++)
{
hashtable[i] = NULL;
}
// set the counter to 0
counter = 0;
// iterate through the words in the dictionary
while (!feof(dict))
{
// get word into a string
char gotcha[LENGTH];
fscanf(dict, "%s", gotcha);
// declare a node and allocate memory
node n;
n.word = malloc( strlen(gotcha)*sizeof(char) );
// save the word into the node
strcpy(n.word, gotcha);
// hash the word, baby!
int hash_value = hash(n.word);
// start saving addresses to the hashtable
n.next = hashtable[hash_value];
hashtable[hash_value] = &n;
//test
int len = strlen(n.word);
printf("%s\n", n.word);
printf("%i\n", len);
// that's one more!
counter++;
}
fclose(dict);
return true;
}
I am receiving the following two errors on these two lines of code:
n.next = hashtable[hash_value];
hashtable[hash_value] = &n;
dictionary.c:89:16: error: assignment from incompatible pointer type [-Werror]
dictionary.c:90:31: error: assignment from incompatible pointer type [-Werror]
How do I save pointer values in these two places? I am new to this, so please bear that in mind. :)
In your structure, the type node is not yet defined. Change it to use the structure tag:
typedef struct node
{
char *word;
struct node *next;
} node;
This:
typedef struct
{
char *word;
node *next;
} node;
is a syntax error. The node *next; occurs before the end of the typedef that creates node as a type. If your compiler for some reason accepted this, it probably thinks there are 2 different types called "node" now, which explains why one of them isn't compaible with the other. You should give up on that typedef silliness (structs generally shouldn't be typedef'ed) and just use
struct node
{
char *word;
struct node *next;
};
Define typedef names of structs before defining the structs. This allows mutually referring structs without concern for order and doesn't require inconsistent definitions, sometimes with the struct keyword and sometimes without it. Note that in C++ you can do away with the typedef line entirely:
typedef struct node node;
struct node
{
char* word;
node* next;
};

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