I am getting an error in my compiler:
Warning: implicit declaration of function 'system'
I added:
system("cls");
To be able to clear the screen, and now I get the error. I am using this code to test:
#include <stdio.h>
int nothing; //random name
int main()
{
printf("this is a msg");
scanf("%d",¬hing);
system("cls");
printf("hello");
getchar();
return 0;
}
This is just a test code, so it's very sloppy. I am new to coding so any help would be appreciated.
For C++: #include <cstdlib>, for C: #include <stdlib.h>.
Or, you can do as follows:
#ifdef __cplusplus__
#include <cstdlib>
#else
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
if (system("CLS")) system("clear");
You can also see a full article w.r.t Clear the screen.
This warning is reported when a function is called before its declaration. In your case, you haven't included the library stdlib.h at the start of your code. So the compiler sees the call to function before its prototype.
Related
My compiler (GCC) is giving me the warning:
warning: implicit declaration of function
Why is it coming?
You are using a function for which the compiler has not seen a declaration ("prototype") yet.
For example:
int main()
{
fun(2, "21"); /* The compiler has not seen the declaration. */
return 0;
}
int fun(int x, char *p)
{
/* ... */
}
You need to declare your function before main, like this, either directly or in a header:
int fun(int x, char *p);
The right way is to declare function prototype in header.
Example
main.h
#ifndef MAIN_H
#define MAIN_H
int some_main(const char *name);
#endif
main.c
#include "main.h"
int main()
{
some_main("Hello, World\n");
}
int some_main(const char *name)
{
printf("%s", name);
}
Alternative with one file (main.c)
static int some_main(const char *name);
int some_main(const char *name)
{
// do something
}
When you do your #includes in main.c, put the #include reference to the file that contains the referenced function at the top of the include list.
e.g. Say this is main.c and your referenced function is in "SSD1306_LCD.h"
#include "SSD1306_LCD.h"
#include "system.h" #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <xc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <libpic30.h> // http://microchip.wikidot.com/faq:74
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "GenericTypeDefs.h" // This has the 'BYTE' type definition
The above will not generate the "implicit declaration of function" error, but below will-
#include "system.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <xc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <libpic30.h> // http://microchip.wikidot.com/faq:74
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "GenericTypeDefs.h" // This has the 'BYTE' type definition
#include "SSD1306_LCD.h"
Exactly the same #include list, just different order.
Well, it did for me.
You need to declare the desired function before your main function:
#include <stdio.h>
int yourfunc(void);
int main(void) {
yourfunc();
}
When you get the error: implicit declaration of function it should also list the offending function. Often this error happens because of a forgotten or missing header file, so at the shell prompt you can type man 2 functionname and look at the SYNOPSIS section at the top, as this section will list any header files that need to be included. Or try http://linux.die.net/man/ This is the online man pages they are hyperlinked and easy to search.
Functions are often defined in the header files, including any required header files is often the answer. Like cnicutar said,
You are using a function for which the compiler has not seen a
declaration ("prototype") yet.
If you have the correct headers defined & are using a non GlibC library (such as Musl C) gcc will also throw error: implicit declaration of function when GNU extensions such as malloc_trim are encountered.
The solution is to wrap the extension & the header:
#if defined (__GLIBC__)
malloc_trim(0);
#endif
This error occurs because you are trying to use a function that the compiler does not understand. If the function you are trying to use is predefined in C language, just include a header file associated with the implicit function.
If it's not a predefined function then it's always a good practice to declare the function before the main function.
Don't forget, if any functions are called in your function, their prototypes must be situated above your function in the code. Otherwise, the compiler might not find them before it attempts to compile your function. This will generate the error in question.
The GNU C compiler is telling you that it can find that particular function name in the program scope. Try defining it as a private prototype function in your header file, and then import it into your main file.
I think the question is not 100% answered. I was searching for issue with missing typeof(), which is compile time directive.
Following links will shine light on the situation:
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-5.3.0/gcc/Typeof.html
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-5.3.0/gcc/Alternate-Keywords.html#Alternate-Keywords
as of conculsion try to use __typeof__() instead. Also gcc ... -Dtypeof=__typeof__ ... can help.
My compiler (GCC) is giving me the warning:
warning: implicit declaration of function
Why is it coming?
You are using a function for which the compiler has not seen a declaration ("prototype") yet.
For example:
int main()
{
fun(2, "21"); /* The compiler has not seen the declaration. */
return 0;
}
int fun(int x, char *p)
{
/* ... */
}
You need to declare your function before main, like this, either directly or in a header:
int fun(int x, char *p);
The right way is to declare function prototype in header.
Example
main.h
#ifndef MAIN_H
#define MAIN_H
int some_main(const char *name);
#endif
main.c
#include "main.h"
int main()
{
some_main("Hello, World\n");
}
int some_main(const char *name)
{
printf("%s", name);
}
Alternative with one file (main.c)
static int some_main(const char *name);
int some_main(const char *name)
{
// do something
}
When you do your #includes in main.c, put the #include reference to the file that contains the referenced function at the top of the include list.
e.g. Say this is main.c and your referenced function is in "SSD1306_LCD.h"
#include "SSD1306_LCD.h"
#include "system.h" #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <xc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <libpic30.h> // http://microchip.wikidot.com/faq:74
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "GenericTypeDefs.h" // This has the 'BYTE' type definition
The above will not generate the "implicit declaration of function" error, but below will-
#include "system.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <xc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <libpic30.h> // http://microchip.wikidot.com/faq:74
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "GenericTypeDefs.h" // This has the 'BYTE' type definition
#include "SSD1306_LCD.h"
Exactly the same #include list, just different order.
Well, it did for me.
You need to declare the desired function before your main function:
#include <stdio.h>
int yourfunc(void);
int main(void) {
yourfunc();
}
When you get the error: implicit declaration of function it should also list the offending function. Often this error happens because of a forgotten or missing header file, so at the shell prompt you can type man 2 functionname and look at the SYNOPSIS section at the top, as this section will list any header files that need to be included. Or try http://linux.die.net/man/ This is the online man pages they are hyperlinked and easy to search.
Functions are often defined in the header files, including any required header files is often the answer. Like cnicutar said,
You are using a function for which the compiler has not seen a
declaration ("prototype") yet.
If you have the correct headers defined & are using a non GlibC library (such as Musl C) gcc will also throw error: implicit declaration of function when GNU extensions such as malloc_trim are encountered.
The solution is to wrap the extension & the header:
#if defined (__GLIBC__)
malloc_trim(0);
#endif
This error occurs because you are trying to use a function that the compiler does not understand. If the function you are trying to use is predefined in C language, just include a header file associated with the implicit function.
If it's not a predefined function then it's always a good practice to declare the function before the main function.
Don't forget, if any functions are called in your function, their prototypes must be situated above your function in the code. Otherwise, the compiler might not find them before it attempts to compile your function. This will generate the error in question.
The GNU C compiler is telling you that it can find that particular function name in the program scope. Try defining it as a private prototype function in your header file, and then import it into your main file.
I think the question is not 100% answered. I was searching for issue with missing typeof(), which is compile time directive.
Following links will shine light on the situation:
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-5.3.0/gcc/Typeof.html
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-5.3.0/gcc/Alternate-Keywords.html#Alternate-Keywords
as of conculsion try to use __typeof__() instead. Also gcc ... -Dtypeof=__typeof__ ... can help.
I am learning C.
In this program
I use sleep function to slowdown a count down.
My text book doesn't specify a library I should include to use the sleep function.
So I use it without including any special library for it and it works.
But it gives me this warning message in codeblocks.
I tried to include <windows.h> but still the same warning message appears.
warning D:\Project\C language\trial8\trial8.c|19|warning: implicit
declaration of function `sleep'|
And here is my code.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int start;
do
{
printf("Please enter the number to start\n");
printf("the countdown (1 to 100):");
scanf("%d",&start);
}
while(start<1 || start>100);
do
{
printf("T-minus %d\n",start);
start--;
sleep(3000);
}
while(start>0);
printf("Zero!\n Go!\n");
return(0);
}
I want to know what does the warning message mean? How important is it? Is there anything that I should do about it? Note that the program works anyway.
The issue is in the libraries (header files):
on Windows:
#include <windows.h> and Sleep(1000); => 1000 milliseconds
on Linux:
#include <unistd.h> and sleep(1); => 1 second
The function sleep is not part of C programming language. So, C compiler needs a declaration/prototype of it so that it can get to know about about number of arguments and their data types and return data type of the function. When it doesn't find it, it creates an Implicit Declaration of that function.
In Linux, sleep has a prototype in <unistd.h> and in windows, there is another function Sleep which has a prototype in <windows.h> or <synchapi.h>.
You can always get away with including header, if you explicitly supply the prototype of the function before using it. It is useful when you need only few functions from a header file.
The prototype of Sleep function in C on windows is:
VOID WINAPI Sleep(_In_ DWORD dwMilliseconds);
Remember, it is always a good practice to supply the prototype of the function being used either by including the appropriate header file or by explicitly writing it. Even, if you don't supply it, compiler will just throw a warning most of the time and it will make an assumption which in most cases will be something that you don't want. It is better to include the header file as API might change in future versions of the Library.
Windows doesn't have the sleep function. Instead, it has Sleep, which takes the number of milliseconds to sleep:
VOID WINAPI Sleep(
_In_ DWORD dwMilliseconds
);
You'll need to either #include <windows.h> or #include <synchapi.h>, depending on the version of Windows you're running. See MSDN for more details.
Update in 2022:
As it is stated on the Linux man page here we need to include unistd.h and should do fine for all OS.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
sleep(1); /* sleep for 1 second*/
printf("END\n");
return 0;
}
To make it more cross-platform, try this:
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <Windows.h>
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
Code being tried below:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main(void)
{
char ch;
do{
ch=getch();
cprintf("%c", toupper(ch));
} while(ch !='q');
return 0;
}
error below:
C:\Users\Towsif\Desktop\C\sd\main.c||In function 'main':|
C:\Users\Towsif\Desktop\C\sd\main.c|11|warning: implicit declaration of function 'cprintf' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]|
obj\Debug\main.o||In function main':|
C:\Users\Towsif\Desktop\C\sd\main.c|11|undefined reference tocprintf'|
||=== Build finished: 1 errors, 1 warnings (0 minutes, 0 seconds) ===|
<conio.h> header file is not available in GCC(MinGW/Cygwin) compiler.
The error is not informative and is misleading.Try without using that header file...
EDIT :-
You can't use getch() and cprintf()!
So, instead of them you try getchar() and printf(). Also, there is no need to change the compiler as GCC is considered the best compiler for C language. Actually, you should either skim that portion of book which requires these <conio.h> header files OR alternately just install another C-compiler alongside GCC. Don't remove GCC! Please use GCC only...
Try this code :-
do{
ch=getchar(); // changed getch() to getchar();
printf("%c", toupper(ch)); //changed cprintf() to printf();
}
while(ch !='q');
// screen.h
#ifndef screen_h
#define screen_h
#define MAC 1
#define WIN 2
#define LNX 3
#ifdef PLATFORM
# undef PLATFORM
#endif
#define PLATFORM MAC
void screen_init();
#endif
// screen.c
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "screen.h"
#if PLATFORM == MAC
#include <curses.h>
void screen_init(){
erase();
}
#endif
I don't understand why it is not seeing my prototype in screen.h
Any suggestions/hints are appreciated!
ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 - 6.2.1.2:
A function prototype is a declaration of a function that declares the types of its parameters.
An empty argument list in a function declaration indicates that the number and type of parameters is not known. You must explicitly indicate that the function takes no arguments by using the void keyword. Otherwise your function declaration does not count as a valid prototype.
void screen_init(void);
I met this similar error minutes ago. After i'd added the relatived function declaration in head file, error's gone.
Also, some said that canceling the compile option '-Wmissing-prototypes' should work, but i didn't have tried that. Good luck.
I just had this problem today.
I defined a function that just used internally
void func(void) {
}
int main(void) {
func();
}
This will give me that warning.
I had to add the prototype at the beginning of the file to get rid of the warning.
void func(void);
void func(void) {
}
int main(void) {
func();
}