Map size and mmap Invalid argument error - c

Question

I am trying to access physical addresses registers on my ARM (https://4donline.ihs.com/images/VipMasterIC/IC/ATML/ATML-S-A0001248554/ATML-S-A0001248554-1.pdf) with mmap but I don't know what length to put. For example, if I have a register at address 0xFFFFFCE8 in which I have access to 32 bit.What should I put in mmap size_t ?
Thank you for you help !
EDIT :Here and here we can see they put 4096, and on the first one it is a SAM9 almost the same as mine.So, why did they put 4096 ?Maybe because if I do :
#include <unistd.h>
long sz = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
printf("%ld",sz);
Th answer is 4096...
EDIT 2 :Based on this post I could write this :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define handle_error(msg) \
do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)
#define PIOD_START_ADDR 0xFFFFFA00
#define PIOD_STOP_ADDR 0xFFFFFC00
#define PIOD_SIZE (PIOD_STOP_ADDR-PIOD_START_ADDR)
#define PIO_WPMR_OFFSET 0xE4 // PIO Write Protection Mode Register Bank D
#define PIO_PUER_OFFSET 0x64 // PIO Pull-Up Enable Register Bank D
#define PIO_PUSR_OFFSET 0x68 // PIO Pull-Up Status Register Bank D
#define LED7_ON 0xFFDFFFFF // LED7 Mask ON
#define LED7_OFF 0xFFFFFFFF // LED7 Mask OFF
#define DESABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION_BANK_D 0x50494F00 // Desable write protection
int main(void) {
volatile void *gpio_D_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_pullup_enable_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_pullup_status_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_enable_write_addr;
int fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);
if (fd < 0){
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open port\n\r");
exit(fd);
}
gpio_D_addr = mmap(0, PIOD_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, PIOD_START_ADDR);
gpio_addr = mmap(0, GPIO1_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, GPIO1_START_ADDR);
if(gpio_D_addr == MAP_FAILED){
handle_error("mmap");
}
gpio_enable_write_addr = gpio_D_addr + PIO_WPMR_OFFSET;
gpio_pullup_enable_addr = gpio_D_addr + PIO_PUER_OFFSET;
gpio_pullup_status_addr = gpio_D_addr + PIO_PUSR_OFFSET;
*gpio_enable_write_addr = DESABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION_BANK_D;
*gpio_pullup_enable_addr = *gpio_pullup_status_addr & LED7_ON;
return 0;
}
But I have a mmap: Invalid argument error.
--> But by changing the mmap like so (thank to this thread): mmap(NULL, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, PIOD_START_ADDR & ~MAP_MASK); with :
#define MAP_SIZE 4096UL
#define MAP_MASK (MAP_SIZE - 1)
I no longer have the error but nothing happened...
Any idea ?

Answer 1

Read Chapter 5 of the datasheet you provided as a link. It describes the various memories and memory mapping for this device. The address you gave is 32-bit, but you need to make sure about its mapping. That's where the chart on p. 18 comes in -- along with becoming familiar with the entire 1200-page datasheet if you really want to program these SAM devices at a low level.
The address you gave also seems to be for the PMC (power management controller) memory space (according to the map), so I'd review that section, chapter 21.

Answer 2

Thank you to #vlk and his library in python I could make it work ! Here is a little example for toggling a LED :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define handle_error(msg) \
do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)
#define _PIOD_BANK_D 0xA00
#define _PIO_OFFSET 0xFFFFF000
/* When executing this on the board :
long sz = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
printf("%ld\n\r",sz);
We have 4096.
*/
#define _MAP_SIZE 0x1000 // 4096
#define _WPMR_OFFSET 0x0E4 // PIO Write Protection Mode Register Bank D
#define _PIO_ENABLE 0x000
#define _PIO_DISABLE 0x004
#define _PIO_STATUS 0x008
#define _OUTPUT_ENABLE 0x010
#define _OUTPUT_DISABLE 0x014
#define _OUTPUT_STATUS 0x018
#define _FILTER_ENABLE 0x020
#define _FILTER_DISABLE 0x024
#define _FILTER_STATUS 0x028
#define _OUTPUT_DATA_SET 0x030
#define _OUTPUT_DATA_CLEAR 0x034
#define _OUTPUT_DATA_STATUS 0x038
#define _PIN_DATA_STATUS 0x03c
#define _MULTI_DRIVER_ENABLE 0x050
#define _MULTI_DRIVER_DISABLE 0x054
#define _MULTI_DRIVER_STATUS 0x058
#define _PULL_UP_DISABLE 0x060
#define _PULL_UP_ENABLE 0x064
#define _PULL_UP_STATUS 0x068
#define _PULL_DOWN_DISABLE 0x090
#define _PULL_DOWN_ENABLE 0x094
#define _PULL_DOWN_STATUS 0x098
#define _DISABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION 0x50494F00 // Desable write protection
#define LED_PIN 21
int main(void) {
volatile void *gpio_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_enable_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_output_mode_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_output_set_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_output_clear_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_data_status_addr;
volatile unsigned int *gpio_write_protection_addr;
int fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);
if (fd < 0){
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open port\n\r");
exit(fd);
}
gpio_addr = mmap(NULL, _MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, _PIO_OFFSET);
if(gpio_addr == MAP_FAILED){
handle_error("mmap");
}
gpio_write_protection_addr = gpio_addr + _PIOD_BANK_D + _WPMR_OFFSET;
gpio_enable_addr = gpio_addr + _PIOD_BANK_D + _PIO_ENABLE;
gpio_output_mode_addr = gpio_addr + _PIOD_BANK_D + _OUTPUT_ENABLE;
gpio_output_set_addr = gpio_addr + _PIOD_BANK_D + _OUTPUT_DATA_SET;
gpio_output_clear_addr = gpio_addr + _PIOD_BANK_D + _OUTPUT_DATA_CLEAR;
gpio_data_status_addr = gpio_addr + _PIOD_BANK_D + _OUTPUT_DATA_STATUS;
*gpio_write_protection_addr = _DISABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION;
*gpio_enable_addr = 1 << LED_PIN;
*gpio_output_mode_addr = 1 << LED_PIN; // Output
// If LED
if((*gpio_data_status_addr & (1<<LED_PIN)) > 0){
*gpio_output_clear_addr = 1 << LED_PIN;
}else{
*gpio_output_set_addr = 1 << LED_PIN;
}
return 0;
}
I had to put _PIO_OFFSET to 0xFFFFF000, and add to the address the value of the D Bank (0xA00), instead of 0xFFFFFA00 because it resulted with mmap: Invalid argument. Don't know why..
EDIT :
Found the solution with the mmap example :
#define _PIO_OFFSET 0xFFFFFA00 // Instead of 0xFFFFF000
#define _MAP_SIZE 0x1000 // 4096
#define _MAP_MASK (_MAP_SIZE - 1)
#define _PA_OFFSET _PIO_OFFSET & ~_MAP_MASK
And the mmap :
gpio_addr = mmap(NULL, _MAP_SIZE + _PIO_OFFSET - _PA_OFFSET, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, _PA_OFFSET);
And for the assignation :
gpio_enable_addr = gpio_addr + _PIO_OFFSET - (_PA_OFFSET) + _PIO_ENABLE;