I've been trying to sample an analog signal with the atmega328p in c. Previously i've got this working with something similar, but somehow this time i can't get it to work. I've tried to make a minimal example that gets me the same result:
#include <avr/io.h>
uint8_t data[2];
ADMUX = (1 << REFS0);
ADCSRA = (1 << ADEN);
ADCSRA |= (1 << ADSC);
while (ADCSRA & (1 << ADSC));
data[1] = ADCL;
data[0] = ADCH;
This code results in the array data = {0b00000011, 0b11111111}, no matter what. As the atmega328p has a 10-bit adc, this is the maximum value, so i'm probably doing something wrong but i just can't spot the mistake.
Thanks in advance for any answers
Regards,
Harm
It looks like you're trying to read from ADC0, which is pin PC0. Make sure that you are connecting PC0 to GND or some other known voltage; if it is floating, you can get unpredictable results.
You should also try writing 0x87 to ADMUX to slow down the ADC's clock.
If you need more help, you should post your complete code and and pictures showing how everthing is wired.
Related
I'm a beginner in this field. My goal is to change the output of 8 LEDs (which are connected to PORTA) according to the potentiometer. I have connected the middle line of the potentiometer to PF0, which is ADC0. I also connected the other two lines to the 5V and ground.
I know there's no problem with the chip or connection because the LEDs are working just fine.
But no matter how I change the code below (what I mean by changing is by slightly changing the ADMUX and ADCSRA registers) no output is shown!
I am using atmega128 with 16MHZ clock. Below is the code that I'm trying to solve.
#include <asf.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#define F_CPU 16000000L
int init_board(void)
{
DDRA=0xff;
PORTA=0x01;
}
int ADC_init(void)
{
//ADCSRA
ADCSRA = 0b10000111;
//ADMUX
ADMUX = 0b01100000; // middle line connected to ADC0
}
int main (void)
{
init_board();
ADC_init();
ADCSRA |= (ADSC >> 1);
while(1)
{
if(ADSC == 0)
{
uint8_t disp_value = ADCL;
PORTA = disp_value;
delay_ms(200);
ADCSRA |= (ADSC >> 1);
}
}
}
I have no idea why the code doesn't work.
I suppose it's because it didn't set my register correctly, but I've followed all the instructions on the atmega128 datasheet.
First issue is your bit shifting, it should be ADCSRA |= (1 << ADSC).
Next issue is results reading. You set fifth bit of ADMUX to 1, so ADLAR=1 and in that mode result is left adjusted so you should read ADCH.
Moreover when you switch to 10-bit resolution, i.e. you start working with multi-byte results, be aware that reading only ADCL is not enough, see datasheet 23.3 for explanation: "Once ADCL is read, ADC access to data registers is blocked. This means that if ADCL has been read, and a conversion completes before ADCH is read, neither register is updated and the result from the conversion is lost. When ADCH is read, ADC access to the ADCH and ADCL Registers is re-enabled."
Lastly, using hardcoded delays for reading is not good practice especially when you change code later to read ADC as fast as possible. In such case after conversion start you should check if ADIF flag is set or react with interrup when ADEN is set. Refer to datasheet for details.
I wrote a simple program to generate PWM wave with 50% duty cycle. Then I went for debugging in AtmelStudio. All registers except OCR0 were assigned there respective values. Why OCR0 not assigned any value.
ATmega32, Fast PWM.
#include <avr/io.h>
int main(void)
{
DDRB = (1 << PB3);
TCCR0 |= (1 << WGM01) | (1 << WGM00) | (1 << COM01);
OCR0 = 127;
TCCR0 |= (1 << CS02);
return 0;
}
So anyway.
You're using the 8-bit counter0 on your Atmega32. Let's see how you set it up:
// Set Pin B3 as output, others as input
DDRB = (1 << PB3);
// Set Clear on compare match + Fast PWM mode + Counter stopped
TCCR0 |= (1 << WGM01) | (1 << WGM00) | (1 << COM01);
// Set comparator value to 127
OCR0 = 127;
// Enable clkIO/256 from prescaler, turning on the counter
TCCR0 |= (1 << CS02);
Okay. First, a few things:
On initial setup, you usually want to assign the value and not or it, to be certain of its state.
Even after, setting it instead of or-ing it avoids a useless read. No impact on behavior for this register, but might be a bit better for performance.
The documentation recommends only enabling the output after you have set it up properly, to avoid spurious output. So you should move the first line last.
I'll be reading from that version of the datasheet.
Now, in fast PWM mode, according to table 38, and 40, the counter behaves like this:
It counts from BOTTOM to MAX (0 to 0xFF).
OCR0 is only used to toggle OC0 pin, not to reset the counting.
OCR0 has double-buffering. Its actual value is not updated until next cycle.
This might be your issue. If any of those are true:
Counter doesn't start properly (could happen if CS2-0 are not correct due to or-ing them instead of setting them).
Counter is stopped early (because your program ends and if the studio detects it, it could disable it at that point - I d'ont use the studio so I cannot really tell).
Then it is possible the value you write to the double buffer never makes it to the actual register. Alas the datasheet doesn't explain in detail how this is handled. Nor does it tell whether reading OCR0 while double buffering is active returns current value or awaiting value.
I am trying to read values from ADC0 on the ATMEGA328p. The values expected are between 0-5v. This is due to ADC0 being connected to a potentiometer connected to the 5v output of a Xplained mini. I am getting either 0v or 5v usually. With no variation when the potentiometer is changed. I have looked at multiple ADC examples and tutorials online but cant find the error in my code.
void adc_initialise (){
//set vref to AVcc, channel selection is initially ADC0 as wanted
ADMUX |= (1<<6);
//set ADC enable, Set adc clock prescalar 64
ADCSRA |= (1<<7)|(1<<2)|(1<<1);
}
uint16_t adc_read (){
ADCSRA |= (1<<6); // start conversion
while( ADCSRA & (1<<ADSC) ); //wait until conversion is complete
return ADCW;
}
float adc_calculation(uint16_t adcValue){
float stepSize = (5.0/1024.0);
float voltageIn = adcValue*stepSize;
return voltageIn;
}
then in my main i have
while(1){
adc_initialise();
uint16_t adcValue = adc_read();
float voltageIn = adc_calculation(adcValue);
adcConverterToUART(voltageIn);//I know that this part of the code is working as I have hardcoded many test values and all have transmitted correctly.
}
And as mentioned above I know the error is not in my UART code but somewhere in the above ADC code. Cheers in advance for any help.
I could mention a few things. You could try it if it help.
You should do your adc_initialise() before the while(1).
You initialize it again and again.
while( ADCSRA & (1<<ADSC) ); here you should add maybe NOPs that the compiler don't optimize it out of the code.
The rest looks good in my eyes.
Do you get any value of the conversion ?
mfg
EDIT1:
I looked in one of my old files.
There we made it like this to get the value from the ADC.
// Get count value
adValue = ADCL;
adValue |= (UI_16_t)(ADCH << 8);
ADCL is the low byte of the value and ADCH the high byte.
We shifted the high byte in the front of the low byte to get the value.
I tried to create a CTC timer interrupt on my ATmega32U4 leonardo board. When I continuously check the value of OCF1A I have no problem detecting when the output reaches the desired value, however once I move the code into an interrupt, the interrupt never triggers.
Timer setup:
#include <avr/io.h>
void setupTimer()
{
TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12); // CTC mode
TCCR1B |= ((0 << CS10) | (0 << CS11) | (1 << CS12)); // set up prescaler
OCR1A = 6249; // 100 ms set up output compare value for interrupt
TIMSK1 |= (1 << OCIE1A); // enable interrupt on clock compare
}
The loop that works:
setupTimer();
for (;;) {
if (TIFR1 & (1 << OCF1A)) {
PORTC ^= (1 << PORTC7);
TIFR1 = (1 << OCF1A);
}
}
The interrupt that does not work:
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect) {
PORTC ^= (1 << PORTC7);
}
I must be missing something as from what I have seen in the tutorials the above code should work. One interesting observation here is that if I have both the loop and the interrupt in my code at once if I call sei(), the LED does not blink as if the OCF1A register was cleared prematurely.
I'm pretty sure it is irrelevant in this case but the fuses are as follows: E:CB, H:D8, L:FF.
I use avr-g++ to compile and the code is spread out between several files.
Given that someone got here through google two years after this question was asked I suppose I should share my own findings on this matter.
The code provided in my question is correct and assuming that there is a call to sei()somewhere after the setupTimer() the interrupt should trigger correctly. The issue was just as c0redumb described in his answer - the bootloader was messing with some registers and thus preventing the code from running correclty. However my solution to this problem was slightly different as in my case, the interrupt would not trigger even after unplugging and re-plugging the board (it is possible that the bootloader has changed in the two years since I have asked this question).
The simplest way to prevent a conflict between the code and the bootloader is to simply remove the bootloader. By using USBasp programmer one can simply load their own code onto the board and thus be sure that it is the only thing running on the CPU.
You have two problems:
You need to make sure main() doesn't return even when it's not doing anything except waiting for the interrupt
You need to enable interrupts via sei() after setting everything up.
Here's a working example (I changed the LED port to PB5 because I've tested this on an Arduino Uno and that already has an LED built-in)
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
void main ()
{
DDRB |= 1 << DDB5;
TCCR1B |= 1 << WGM12;
TCCR1B |= 1 << CS12;
OCR1A = 6249;
TIMSK1 |= 1 << OCIE1A;
sei();
for(;;);
}
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect)
{
PORTB ^= 1 << PORTB5;
}
This issue puzzles me today as well. Through search I found your question. I did some more searches all around and found no answer to this one. I had thought that I must have forgotten to enable some circuit or set some flags. Finally, with an LED as my debugger, I have found the cause.
The problem is with the bootloader, not your code. To get it to work, you just unplug the board from USB (after having written code through bootloader), and re-plugin so the bootloader jumps directly to your code at powerup, and it works there. The bootloader must have done some fancy footwork in uploading the code, and didn't work all well afterward in this situation.
As a reference, I used a ProMicro board which I believe has Caterina bootloader same as the Leonardo board you used.
I want to set up the UART on a ATmega88-PA. First I was trying to set an interrupt on UDRE register but this was not working, so for the transmission I use normal polling.
Because the code was not working I started again from 0 with a basic program.
#define F_CPU 1000000UL
#define USART_BAUDRATE 9600
#define BAUD_PRESCALE (((F_CPU / (USART_BAUDRATE * 8UL))) - 1)
char ReceivedByte = '#';
int main (void)
{
UCSR0A = (1 << U2X0);
/* Turn on the transmission and reception circuitry. */
UCSR0B = (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0);
/* Use 8-bit character sizes. */
//UCSR0C = (1 << UCSZ00) | (1 << UCSZ01);
/* BAUD prescale */
UBRR0 = 12;
/* Load upper 8-bits of the baud rate value into the high byte of the UBRR register. */
//UBRR0H = (BAUD_PRESCALE >> 8);
/* Load lower 8-bits of the baud rate value into the low byte of the UBRR register. */
//UBRR0L = BAUD_PRESCALE;
UCSR0B |= (1 << RXCIE0);
sei();
DDRB |= 0x04;
PORTB &= ~0x04;
for (;;)
{
/* Do nothing until data have been received and is ready to be read from UDR. */
//while ((UCSR0A & (1 << RXC0)) == 0) {};
/* Fetch the received byte value into the variable "ByteReceived". */
//ReceivedByte = UDR0;
if(ReceivedByte == '1')
PORTB |=0x04;
else
PORTB &=~0x04;
/* Do nothing until UDR is ready for more data to be written to it. */
while ((UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) == 0) {};
/* Echo back the received byte back to the computer. */
UDR0 = ReceivedByte;
}
}
ISR(USART_RX_vect)
{
ReceivedByte = UDR0;
}
And the code is working but when I open an arduino serial monitor and connect my module to that, I receive my poor # but alog with some garbage. Not all the time but mostly, the garbage is 1 or 2 byte. Can someone help me?
EDIT: It seams that when I send from my bleutooth data to a Samsung galaxy S3 the data is perfect...I do not have any clue why on serial monitor, and also when sending data using the same bluetooth to laptop I got a lot of garbage along with the data. If this helps you
answearing my qestion, will be great.
EDIT: sorry forget the last edit, it is send only a char ok, I change the char and also garbage is there. When I send a string is unreadable.
EDIT : As I commneted on the post below of embedded_guy , I solve the problem inserting a _delay_ms(1) after sending each byte. and it is working right now. I believe the statement
while ((UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) == 0) {};
is not doing its job. Hope this will help others.
I don't know if this will work for you, but I really only see a couple of things that could be an issue.
First, all of the examples of setting the BAUD prescale that I could find used two instructions with the high and low registers of UBRR0. If you have already stepped through your code and examined that register to ensure that it is correctly configured, then that is not the issue. Otherwise, I would recommend setting it like this for the value you have it set to in your code:
UBRR0H = 12;
UBRR0L = 0;
The other thing I see is that you are never setting UCSR0C. You have it commented out and I would expect it to operate correctly with its default (reset condition) settings, but it is always good to be explicit just in case.
Finally, you may want to take a look at this page on Simple Serial Communications.
EDIT
Based on your most recent edit, I would take the bluetooth out of the picture. I would recommend connecting a logic analyzer to the UART transmit pin of your microcontroller and see if the data coming out of the atmega is what you expected. If that data is good, I would begin looking at why the bluetooth is not working as I anticipated.
try to use F_CPU with at least 2MHz
make your ReceivedByte volatile, try it like this:
volatile unsigned char ReceivedByte;