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I have an X number of months, but I need to break it into xx years yy months in SQL.
For example: 31 months should be 2 years 7 months.
Is there any inbuilt function or something to help?
Many thanks for your help.
You can use modulus to get the months and floor to get the years
SELECT totalmonths, FLOOR(tottalmonths / 12) AS years, totalmonths % 12 as months
FROM -- ...
You can try this:
SELECT
(months_column_name / 12) AS years,
(months_column_name % 12) AS months
FROM table_name
You can create a solution the uses built-in functions, but I'd hardly call it helpful when olde fashioned arithmetic operators will provide the desired results in a much more concise manner, e.g. Hogan's answer. dbfiddle.
with
SomeMonths as (
-- Create some test data from 0 to 100.
select 0 as Months
union all
select Months + 1
from SomeMonths
where Months < 100 ),
CompleteDate as (
-- Convert the number of months into a date based at 1 January 1.
select Months, DateAdd( month, Months, Cast( '00010101' as Date ) ) as Sometime
from SomeMonths )
select Months,
-- Make the number of years zero-based.
Year( Sometime ) - 1 as TheYears,
-- Make the number of months zero-based.
Month( Sometime ) - 1 as TheMonths
from CompleteDate;
Hi there Unknown Coder,
I made some code here that will display the number of months and years..
It also has a more human friendly way of displaying the data, like in your example.
So that last one will display as "2 years 7 months" if your value was 31.
Here's my code with the temp database for testing:
Declare #monthtest TABLE
(
NumOfMonths int
);
INSERT INTO #monthtest (NumOfMonths) select 11
INSERT INTO #monthtest (NumOfMonths) select 13
INSERT INTO #monthtest (NumOfMonths) select 31
select
cast(x1.NumOfMonths / 12 as int) as years,
(x1.NumOfMonths ) % 12 as months,
concat(
cast(x1.NumOfMonths / 12 as int),
(case when cast(x1.NumOfMonths / 12 as int) = 1 then ' year ' else ' years ' end ),
(x1.NumOfMonths ) % 12,
(case when (x1.NumOfMonths ) % 12 = 1 then ' month' else ' months' end )
) as combined
from #monthtest as x1
This will output as
years
months
combined
0
11
0 years 11 months
1
1
1 year 1 month
2
7
2 years 7 months
I want to have a function that calculates the fiscal year. The fiscal year must begin on the first Monday in March. Thank you!
example:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnc_FiscalYear( #AsOf DATETIME )
RETURNS INT
AS BEGIN
DECLARE #Answer INT
SET DATEFIRST 1
IF ( MONTH(#AsOf) < 3 )
or MONTH(#AsOf=3) and datename(weekday, #AsOf) = 'Monday' and datepart(day, #AsOf)>=1 and datepart(day, #AsOf)<=7;
SET #Answer = YEAR(#AsOf) - 1
ELSE SET #Answer = YEAR(#AsOf)
RETURN #Answer
END
GO
but it's not working
It looks as though there are a number of syntax errors with your script. Try this instead. I've removed the SETs and returned at the point of the if statements. Also, note the grouping of the if statements.
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnc_FiscalYear( #AsOf DATETIME )
RETURNS INT
AS BEGIN
DECLARE #Answer INT
IF (( MONTH(#AsOf) < 3 )
OR (MONTH(#AsOf) = 3
AND DATENAME(weekday, #AsOf) = 'Monday'
AND datepart(day, #AsOf) >= 1
AND datepart(day, #AsOf)<=7))
RETURN (YEAR(#AsOf) - 1)
RETURN YEAR(#AsOf)
END
GO
The logic for this is tricky -- especially for the first week of March:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnc_FiscalYear (
#AsOf DATETIME
)
RETURNS INT AS
BEGIN
RETURN( CASE WHEN MONTH(#AsOf) < 3 THEN YEAR(#AsOf) - 1
WHEN MONTH(#AsOf) > 3 THEN YEAR(#AsOf)
WHEN DAY(#AsOf) >= 7 THEN YEAR(#AsOf)
WHEN DATENAME(#AsOf) = 'Monday' OR
DATENAME(#AsOf) = 'Tuesday' AND DAY(#AsOf) >= 2 OR
DATENAME(#AsOf) = 'Wednesday' AND DAY(#AsOf) >= 3 OR
DATENAME(#AsOf) = 'Thursday' AND DAY(#AsOf) >= 4 OR
DATENAME(#AsOf) = 'Friday' AND DAY(#AsOf) >= 5 OR
DATENAME(#AsOf) = 'Saturday' AND DAY(#AsOf) >= 26
THEN YEAR(#AsOf)
ELSE YEAR(#AsOf) - 1
END);
END ;
GO
( ##DateFirst + DatePart( weekday, SampleDate ) - 1 ) % 7 + 1 will always return an integer from 0 to 6 with 0 corresponding to Sunday regardless of the setting of DateFirst or Language and without string manipulation.
Tweaking the expression to ( ##DateFirst + DatePart( weekday, SampleDate ) - 2 ) % 7 shifts the start of the cycle from Sunday to Monday and the range to 0 to 6 which, in turn, simplifies the following code:
create function dbo.FiscalYear( #Date as Date )
returns Int
begin
return Year( #Date ) - case
when Month( #Date ) <= 2 then 1 -- January and February are always part of the prior year.
-- In March it is the prior year only in the first week and if the calculated
-- DoW is less than the day of the month.
when Month( #Date ) = 3 and Day( #Date ) < 7 and
( ##DateFirst + DatePart( weekday, #Date ) - 2 ) % 7 >= Day( #Date ) then 1
else 0 end;
end;
Test the function with sample data:
with
-- Generate sample dates for 20 years.
YearOffsets as (
select 0 as YearOffset
union all
select YearOffset + 1
from YearOffsets
where YearOffset < 20 ),
SampleDates as (
select Cast( DateAdd( year, YearOffset, '2000-02-28' ) as Date ) as SampleDate, 1 as Counter
from YearOffsets
union all
select DateAdd( day, 1, SampleDate ), Counter + 1
from SampleDates
where Counter < 10 )
-- Calculate the Fiscal Year for each sample date.
select SampleDate, DateName( weekday, SampleDate ) as WeekDay,
( ##DateFirst + DatePart( weekday, SampleDate ) - 2 ) % 7 as DayOfWeek, -- 0 = Monday.
dbo.FiscalYear( SampleDate ) as FiscalYear
from SampleDates
order by SampleDate;
I am writing a query that returns the sum of rows for the last 10 weeks FRI-THURS.
It uses a group by to show the sum of each week:
WITH Vars (Friday) -- get current week Fridays Date
AS (
SELECT CAST(DATEADD(DAY,(13 - (##DATEFIRST + DATEPART(WEEKDAY,GETDATE())))%7,GETDATE()) AS DATE) As 'Friday'
)
SELECT datepart(week, DateField) AS WeekNum, COUNT(*) AS Counts
FROM Table
WHERE DateField >= DATEADD(week,-9, (SELECT Friday from Vars))
GROUP BY datepart(week, DateField)
ORDER BY WeekNum DESC
The problem is every week starts on Monday so the Group By doesn't group the dates on how I want it. I want a week to be defined as FRI-THURS.
One workaround to this is to use DATEFIRST. e.g:
SET DATEFIRST = 5; --set beginning of each week to Friday
WITH Vars (Friday) -- get current week Fridays Date
... rest of query
However due to limitations on the interface I am writing this query I cannot have two separate statements run. It needs to be one query with no semicolons.
How can I achieve this?
This should do it. First pre-compute once the StartingFriday of 9 weeks ago, rather than doing that for each row. Then compute the dfYear and dfWeek giving them alias-es, where their DateField is after the starting friday. Lastly, Count/GroupBy/OrderBy.
Declare #StartingFriday as date =
DATEADD(week,-9, (DATEADD(day, - ((Datepart(WEEKDAY,GETDATE()) +1) % 7) , GETDATE())) ) ;
SELECT dfYear, dfWeek, COUNT(*) AS Counts
FROM
(Select -- compute these here, and use alias in Select, GroupBy, OrderBy
(Datepart(Year,(DATEADD(day, - ((Datepart(WEEKDAY,DateField) +1) % 7) , DateField)) ) )as dfYear
,(Datepart(Week,(DATEADD(day, - ((Datepart(WEEKDAY,DateField) +1) % 7) , DateField)) ) )as dfWeek
From Table
WHERE #StartingFriday <= DateField
) as aa
group by dfYear, dfWeek
order by dfYear desc, dfWeek desc
-- we want the weeknum of the (Friday on or before the DateField)
-- the % (percent sign) is the math MODULO operator.
-- used to get back to the nearest Friday,
-- day= Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu
-- weekday= 6 7 1 2 3 4 5
-- plus 1 = 7 8 2 3 4 5 6
-- Modulo7= 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-- which are the days to subtract from DateField
-- to get to its Friday start of its week.
I did some testing with this
declare #dt as date = '8/17/18';
select ((DATEPART(WEEKDAY,#dt) +1) % 7) as wd
,(DATEADD(day, - ((Datepart(WEEKDAY,#dt) +1) % 7) , #dt)) as Fri
,(Datepart(Week,(DATEADD(day, - ((Datepart(WEEKDAY,#dt) +1) % 7) , #dt)) ) )as wk
,DATEADD(week,-9, (DATEADD(day, - ((Datepart(WEEKDAY,#dt) +1) % 7) , #dt)) ) as StartingFriday
I'm writing a function in SQL Server 2012 that will need to know the number of 3 specific days of the month that have passed since a given date. I can do this with a while loop, but its slow and I was looking for a better way.
Here is what I have so far:
Let's assume that GETDATE() = '11/14/2016' and #productDate = '10/1/2016'
--Get the number of "units" that have passed since the date on the label
DECLARE #unitCount INT = 0;
DECLARE #countingDate DATE
SET #countingDate = DATEADD(DAY,1,#productDate);--add 1 to prevent counting the date on the label as the first unit
WHILE (#countingDate < CAST(GETDATE() As date ))
BEGIN
SELECT #unitCount = #unitCount +
CASE
WHEN DAY(#countingDate) = 1 OR DAY(#countingDate) = 10 OR DAY(#countingDate) = 20 THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
SET #countingDate = DATEADD(DAY,1,#countingDate);
END
This will result in #unitCount = 4
GETDATE() of '11/20/2016' would result in #unitCount = 5
Without using a numbers table
create function dbo.fn_DateCounter
(
#datefrom date,
#dateto date
)
returns int
as
begin
return
-- number of complete months
3 *
(
(DATEPART(YYYY, #dateto) * 12 + DATEPART(MM, #dateto))
-(DATEPART(YYYY, #datefrom) * 12 + DATEPART(MM, #datefrom))
- 1
)
-- add on the extras from the first month
+ case when DATEPART(DD, #datefrom) < 10 then 2
when DATEPART(DD, #datefrom) < 20 then 1
else 0
end
-- add on the extras from the last month
+ case when DATEPART(DD, #dateto) > 20 then 3
when DATEPART(DD, #dateto) > 10 then 2
else 1
end
end
go
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('01-jan-2000','01-jan-2000') -- 0
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('01-jan-2000','10-jan-2000') -- 0
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('01-jan-2000','11-jan-2000') -- 1
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('01-jan-2000','20-jan-2000') -- 1
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('01-jan-2000','21-jan-2000') -- 2
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('11-jan-2000','21-jan-2000') -- 1
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('11-jan-2000','21-feb-2000') -- 4
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('01-jan-2000','01-jan-2001') -- 36
select dbo.fn_DateCounter('01-jan-2000','11-jan-2001') -- 37
You can use a combination of sum, case, and the dbo.spt_values table:
declare #productDate datetime = '11/01/2016',
#unitCount int
;with nums as ( -- use a CTE to build a number list
select top 1000 number from master..spt_values
)
select #unitCount = sum(
case when day(dateadd(day, n, #productDate)) in (1, 10, 20)
then 1 else 0 end
) -- add 1 for each 1,10,20 we find
from (
select n = row_number() over (order by nums.number)
from nums cross join nums as num -- 1000*1000 = 1 million rows
) n
where dateadd(day, n, #productDate) < getdate()
select #unitCount
This will grab each date between #productDate and getdate(). The case statement will select 1 for each 1/10/20, and 0 for every other date. Finally, we take the sum of the result.
For 11/1 - 11/11, it returns 1.
For 1/1 - 11/11, the result is 31.
EDIT: In the CTE (with nums as...), we select 1-1000, and then we do a cross join which gives us a million records to work with. The answer is still limited, but now you can go ~2700 years with this.
The time is: (m/d/yyyy) => 2009/01/04
Using this command using datepart(wk,'20090104') I can get the week number (for any given date).
So :
SELECT datepart(wk,'20090101') //1
SELECT datepart(wk,'20090102') //1
SELECT datepart(wk,'20090103') //1
SELECT datepart(wk,'20090104') //2
So far so good.
The problem :
Those 3 first dates are not part of a full week, so I can't put them in a fixed 52-week chart.
Our company needs to see information about each whole week in the 52 weeks of a year. (Each year has 52 whole weeks).
So 20090101 doesn't belong to the first week of 2009 !
It belongs to the previous year (which is irrelevant to my question)
So I need a UDF (I've been searching a lot, and ISOWEEK is not answering my needs) which by a given datetime, will give me the Week Number (week = whole week, so partial weeks aren't considered).
Example :
calcweekNum ('20090101') //52 ...from the last year
calcweekNum ('20090102') //52 ...from the last year
calcweekNum ('20090103') //52 ...from the last year
calcweekNum ('20090104') //1
..
..
calcweekNum ('20090110') //1
calcweekNum ('20090111') //2
calcweekNum ('20090112') //2
...
Here's a different approach. All you need to supply is the year:
DECLARE #year INT = 2009;
DECLARE #start SMALLDATETIME;
SET #start = DATEADD(YEAR, #year-1900, 0);
;WITH n AS
(
SELECT TOP (366) -- in case of leap year
d = DATEADD(DAY, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name)-1, #start)
FROM sys.all_objects
),
x AS
(
SELECT md = MIN(d) FROM n
WHERE DATEPART(WEEKDAY, d) = 1 -- assuming DATEFIRST is Sunday
),
y(d,wk) AS
(
SELECT n.d, ((DATEPART(DAYOFYEAR, n.d) - DATEDIFF(DAY, #start, x.md)-1)/7) + 1
FROM n CROSS JOIN x
WHERE n.d >= x.md
AND n.d < DATEADD(YEAR, 1, #start)
)
SELECT [date] = d, [week] = wk
FROM y WHERE wk < 53
ORDER BY [date];
Results:
date week
---------- ----
2009-01-04 1
2009-01-05 1
2009-01-06 1
2009-01-07 1
2009-01-08 1
2009-01-09 1
2009-01-10 1
2009-01-11 2
2009-01-12 2
...
2009-12-25 51
2009-12-26 51
2009-12-27 52
2009-12-28 52
2009-12-29 52
2009-12-30 52
2009-12-31 52
Note that week 52 won't necessarily be a full week, and that in some cases (e.g. 2012), the last day or two of the year might fall in week 53, so they're excluded.
An alternative approach is to repeat the MIN expression twice:
DECLARE #year INT = 2009;
DECLARE #start SMALLDATETIME;
SET #start = DATEADD(YEAR, #year-1900, 0);
;WITH n AS
(
SELECT TOP (366) -- in case of leap year
d = DATEADD(DAY, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name)-1, #start)
FROM sys.all_objects
),
y(d,wk) AS
(
SELECT n.d, ((DATEPART(DAYOFYEAR, n.d) - DATEDIFF(DAY, #start, (SELECT MIN(d)
FROM n WHERE DATEPART(WEEKDAY, d) = 1))-1)/7) + 1
FROM n
WHERE n.d >= (SELECT md = MIN(d) FROM n WHERE DATEPART(WEEKDAY, d) = 1)
AND n.d < DATEADD(YEAR, 1, #start)
)
SELECT [date] = d, [week] = wk
FROM y WHERE wk < 53
ORDER BY d;
Here's a function for you to calculate it on the fly:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.WholeWeekFromDate (
#Date datetime
)
RETURNS tinyint
AS BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT DateDiff(Day, DateAdd(Year, DateDiff(Year, 0, CalcDate), 0), CalcDate) / 7 + 1
FROM (SELECT DateAdd(Day, (DateDiff(Day, 0, #Date) + 1) / 7 * 7, 0)) X (CalcDate)
);
END;
I don't recommend you use it, as it may perform badly due to being called once for every row. If you absolutely must have a function to use in real queries, then convert it to an inline function returning a single column and row, and use it as so:
SELECT
OtherColumns,
(SELECT WeekNumber FROM dbo.WholeWeekFromDate(DateColumn)) WeekNumber
FROM
YourTable;
This will allow it to be "inlined" in the execution plan and perform significantly better.
But even better, as others have suggested, is to use a BusinessDate table. Here's a head start on creating one for you:
CREATE TABLE dbo.BusinessDate (
BusinessDate date NOT NULL CONSTRAINT PK_BusinessDate PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,
WholeWeekYear smallint NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT CK_BusinessDate_WholeWeekYear_Valid
CHECK (WholeWeekYear BETWEEN 1900 AND 9999),
WholeWeekNumber tinyint NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT CK_BusinessDate_WholeWeekNumber_Valid
CHECK (WholeWeekNumber BETWEEN 1 AND 53),
Holiday bit CONSTRAINT DF_BusinessDate_Holiday DEFAULT (0),
Weekend bit CONSTRAINT DF_BusinessDate_Weekend DEFAULT (0),
BusinessDay AS
(Convert(bit, CASE WHEN Holiday = 0 AND Weekend = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) PERSISTED
);
And I'll even populate it from 1900-01-01 through 2617-09-22 (Is that enough for the projected life of your product? And it's only 7.8MB so don't fret over size):
WITH A (N) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1
UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1),
B (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM A F, A A, A L, A C, A O, A N),
C (N) AS (SELECT Row_Number() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) FROM B),
Dates AS (
SELECT
N,
DateAdd(Day, N, '18991231') Dte,
DateAdd(Day, N / 7 * 7, '19000101') CalcDate
FROM C
)
INSERT dbo.BusinessDate
SELECT
Dte,
Year(CalcDate),
DateDiff(Day, DateAdd(Year, DateDiff(Year, 0, CalcDate), 0), CalcDate) / 7 + 1,
0,
(N + 6) % 7 / 5 -- calculate weekends
FROM Dates; -- 3-7 seconds or so on my VM server
Then join to the table on the date, and use the WholeWeekNumber column for your output. You might also consider adding a WeekNumberYear because it's going to be a tad difficult to figure out that the 52 of 2009-01-01 really belongs to 2008 without this... a strange data point in there for sure if you don't (laugh).
Example table contents:
BusinessDate WholeWeekYear WholeWeekNumber Holiday Weekend BusinessDay
------------ ------------- --------------- ------- ------- -----------
1/1/2009 2008 52 0 0 1
1/2/2009 2008 52 0 0 1
1/3/2009 2008 52 0 1 0
1/4/2009 2009 1 0 1 0
1/5/2009 2009 1 0 0 1
1/6/2009 2009 1 0 0 1
1/7/2009 2009 1 0 0 1
1/8/2009 2009 1 0 0 1
1/9/2009 2009 1 0 0 1
1/10/2009 2009 1 0 1 0
1/11/2009 2009 2 0 1 0
If you really don't want to use this as a general business date calculation table, you can drop the last 3 columns, otherwise, update the Holiday column to 1 for company holidays.
Note: if you actually make the above table, and your access to it most often uses JOIN or WHERE conditions on a different column than BusinessDate, then make the primary key nonclustered and add a clustered index starting with the alternate column.
Some of the above scripts require SQL 2005 or higher.
It would be relatively easy to setup a custom calendar table with one row for each date of the year in it, and then have other fields that will allow you to rollup however you want. I do this when I have clients using varying calendars, i.e. fiscal years, and it makes the query logic very simple.
Then you just join date-to-date and get the week-number that you want.
date | reporting year | reporting week
-----------|----------------|---------------
2009-01-01 | 2008 | 52
2009-01-02 | 2008 | 52
2009-01-03 | 2008 | 52
2009-01-04 | 2009 | 01
2009-01-05 | 2009 | 01
etc.
and then to use it ( for example to get total sales rollup by your custom weeks, didn't validated my sql):
select reporting_year, reporting_month, sum(sales)
from sales
inner join custom_date_table cdt on cdt.sysdate = sales.sysdate
group by reporting_year, reporting_month
where report_year=2009
DECLARE #StartDate DATE;
SET #StartDate = '20120101';
WITH Calendar AS (
SELECT #StartDate AS DateValue
,DATEPART(DW, #StartDate) AS DayOfWeek
,CASE WHEN DATEPART(DW, #StartDate) = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS WeekNumber
UNION ALL
SELECT DATEADD(d, 1, DateValue)
,DATEPART(DW, DATEADD(d, 1, DateValue)) AS DayOfWeek
,CASE WHEN DayOfWeek = 7 THEN WeekNumber + 1 ELSE WeekNumber END
FROM Calendar
WHERE DATEPART(YEAR, DateValue) = DATEPART(YEAR, #StartDate)
)
SELECT DateValue, WeekNumber
FROM Calendar
WHERE WeekNumber BETWEEN 1 AND 52
AND DATEPART(YEAR, DateValue) = DATEPART(YEAR, #StartDate)
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);
Don't use a UDF, use a calendar table instead, then you can define week numbers exactly as your company requires and simply query them from the table, which will be much easier and possibly much faster than using a UDF.
A calendar table has numerous uses in SQL (search this site or Google) so you should probably create it anyway.
There is no good answer for this.
A year is NOT 52 weeks long.
It is 52 weeks and one day in normal years, and 52 weeks and two days in leap years.