I am getting a Operation not supported error - c

I am using Ubuntu on virtual box and I have a virtual hangman game using a server and client. Multiple clients can connect to the server at once but when the the game is finished this is the error that comes up on the server "accepting connection:Operation not supported"
Here is my code
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
extern time_t time ();
int maxlives = 12;
char *word [] = {
# include "words"
};
# define NUM_OF_WORDS (sizeof (word) / sizeof (word [0]))
# define MAXLEN 80 /* Maximum size in the world of Any string */
# define HANGMAN_TCP_PORT 1066
int main ()
{
int sock, fd, client_len;
pid_t pid;
struct sockaddr_in server, client;
srand ((int) time ((long *) 0)); /* randomize the seed */
sock = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);//0 or IPPROTO_TCP
if (sock <0) { //This error checking is the code Stevens wraps in his Socket Function etc
perror ("creating stream socket");
exit (1);
}
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
server.sin_port = htons(HANGMAN_TCP_PORT);
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) & server, sizeof(server)) <0) {
perror ("binding socket");
exit (2);
}
listen (sock, 5);
while (1) {
client_len = sizeof (client);
if ((fd = accept (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &client, &client_len)) <0)
{
perror ("accepting connection");
exit (3);
}
else
{
//make a child using fork();
// fork();
pid = fork();
//if id == 0, it is child
if(pid ==0)
{
//close the listening port, play hangman
close(sock);
play_hangman (fd, fd);
close(fd);
}
//else, it is parent, ignore child and guest, listen for more guests to make more children with
else {
close (fd);
}
}
}
close(fd);
}
/* ---------------- Play_hangman () ---------------------*/
play_hangman (int in, int out)
{
char * whole_word, part_word [MAXLEN],
guess[MAXLEN], outbuf [MAXLEN];
int lives = maxlives;
int game_state = 'I';//I = Incomplete
int i, good_guess, word_length;
char hostname[MAXLEN];
gethostname (hostname, MAXLEN);
sprintf(outbuf, "Playing hangman on host% s: \n \n", hostname);
write(out, outbuf, strlen (outbuf));
/* Pick a word at random from the list */
whole_word = word[rand() % NUM_OF_WORDS];
word_length = strlen(whole_word);
syslog (LOG_USER | LOG_INFO, "server chose hangman word %s", whole_word);
/* No letters are guessed Initially */
for (i = 0; i <word_length; i++)
part_word[i]='-';
part_word[i] = '\0';
sprintf (outbuf, "%s %d \n", part_word, lives);
write (out, outbuf, strlen(outbuf));
while (game_state == 'I')
/* Get a letter from player guess */
{
while (read (in, guess, MAXLEN) <0) {
if (errno != EINTR)
exit (4);
printf ("re-read the startin \n");
} /* Re-start read () if interrupted by signal */
good_guess = 0;
for (i = 0; i <word_length; i++) {
if (guess [0] == whole_word [i]) {
good_guess = 1;
part_word [i] = whole_word [i];
}
}
if (! good_guess) lives--;
if (strcmp (whole_word, part_word) == 0)
game_state = 'W'; /* W ==> User Won */
else if (lives == 0) {
game_state = 'L'; /* L ==> User Lost */
strcpy (part_word, whole_word); /* User Show the word */
}
sprintf (outbuf, "%s %d \n", part_word, lives);
write (out, outbuf, strlen (outbuf));
}
}
I found out the problem seems to be here
//HERE
while (1) {
client_len = sizeof (client);
if ((fd = accept (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &client, &client_len)) <0)
{
perror ("accepting connection");
exit (3);
}
else
{
//make a child using fork();
// fork();
pid = fork();
//HERE
But I don't know what is wrong or how to fix this error.

You should terminate child process when the game becomes finished. But instead you are trying to iterate over accept() loop using already closed sock descriptor:
if(pid == 0)
{
//close the listening port, play hangman
close(sock);
play_hangman (fd, fd);
// child has done its job, terminate immediately
_Exit(0);
}
//else, it is parent, ignore child and guest, listen for more guests to make more children with
else {
close (fd);
}
Probably when your child is running play_hangman() value that is stored in sock may be reused for some another file, since we've closed that descriptor before. And that new file is definitely not a listening socket. As result accept() fails with Operation not supported.

Related

Communication: Sending a message from a client to a server

My Server can handle multiple clients/switches at a time.
My problem is in my switch I believe, I'm trying to send an open message to the the controller. I create the the tcp socket in the switch and then right after I try to send the message to the controller, however when I try to do this, the socket disconnects from the controller and goes into an infinite loop. I'm not sure why this occurs as I'm creating and sending the message outside of my while loop. If I comment where I send the message, the socket stays connected to the controller and I am able to wait for one of a set of file descriptors to become ready to perform I/O, currently I only have the keyboard and the socket. My socket also receives a message from the controller when it's connected "You are connected to the server". In addition since my switch socket disconnects my recv() return error code 107 due to the fact the socket is disconnected.
I'm not sure If I provided too much code to look through but I added comments where I thought my error was occurring in the switch as well as the controller. Greatly appreciated for some help. I didn't add any of my own header files because they are not necessary.
This where I execute the switch. Sends and receive messages here.
#include "switch.h"
#include "openFIFO.h"
#include "packets.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include<poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
void do_switch(int swIport, char *trafficfile,int swJport, int swKport, int IPlow, int IPhigh,char serverAddress[256], unsigned short portNumber){
int switch_sock;
char server_response[256];
struct pollfd pfds[6];
int rval;
/* Switch */
Switch sw;
sw.swJport = swJport;
sw.swIport = swIport;
sw.swKport = swKport;
sw.IPlow = IPlow;
sw.IPhigh = IPhigh;
int switchLength = sizeof(Switch);
// printf("\n\nstruct switchLength: %d\n", switchLength);
// printf("\n\nSwitch Struct: swIport: %d, swJport: %d, swKport: %d,
IPlow: %d, IPhigh: %d\n", sw.swIport, sw.swJport, sw.swKport, sw.IPlow,
sw.IPhigh);
printf("\n\nSwitch created with the following: swIport: %d, trafficfile:
%s, swJport: %d, swKport: %d, IPlow: %d, IPhigh: %d, serverAddress: %s,
portNumber: %d\n", swIport, trafficfile, swJport, swKport, IPlow, IPhigh,
serverAddress, portNumber);
int fifoWrite[2];
int fifoRead[2];
int counter = 0;
char message[20] = "Hello";
/* Create fifos */
if(swJport != -1){
fifoWrite[0] = openWF(swIport,swJport);
fifoRead[0] = openReadFifo(swJport, swIport);
counter = counter + 2;
}
if(swKport != -1){
fifoWrite[1] = openWF(swIport,swKport);
fifoRead[1] = openReadFifo(swKport, swIport);
counter = counter + 2;
}else if(swKport == -1){
fifoWrite[0] = openWF(swIport,swKport);
fifoRead[0] = openReadFifo(swKport, swIport);
counter = counter + 2;
}
printf("fifoWrite[0]: %d\n", fifoWrite[0]);
printf("fifoRead[0]: %d\n", fifoRead[0]);
printf("fifoWrite[1]: %d\n", fifoWrite[1]);
printf("fifoRead[1]: %d\n", fifoRead[1]);
/* Establish connection between the controller and switch */
/* Send a open packet to the controller */
/* Sending a stuct */
//PROBELM HERE BELOW!!!!!!!
switch_sock = CreateTCPClientSocket(portNumber, serverAddress);
if(send(switch_sock, message, sizeof(message), 0) == -1){
fprintf(stderr, "Send() Failed");
}
else{
printf("Open packet is being sent to the controller\n");
}
/* Initialize poll parameters */
//Keyboard
pfds[0].fd = STDIN_FILENO;
pfds[0].events = POLLIN;
// Socket!
pfds[1].fd = switch_sock;
pfds[1].events = POLLIN;
printf("Starting switch............................\n\n");
while(1){
rval = poll(pfds,2,-1);
if(rval == 0){
fprintf(stderr, "Poll timed out. \n");
}if(rval == -1){
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: poll() failed");
exit(0);
}
/* Check Keyboard */
if(pfds[0].revents & POLLIN && pfds[0].fd == 0){
int a;
char command[1024][256];
int commands;
char buf[256];
commands = read(0, buf, 256);
buf[commands] = '\0';
buf[commands] = '\0';
char *token;
token = strtok(buf, " ");
while(token != NULL){
strcpy(command[a], token);
a++;
token = strtok(NULL, " ");
}
a = 0;
bzero(buf, 256);
if(strcmp(command[0], "list") == 0){
//TODO: Make a print function
printf("print_switch()\n");
}
if(strcmp(command[0], "exit") == 0){
//TODO: Make a print function
printf(" print_switch()\n");
printf("switch-disconnected\n");
close(switch_sock);
exit(0)
}
}
/* Server sent a welcome message */
// Might be PROBELM HERE BELOW when trying to send the initial packet to
controller!!!!!!!
if(pfds[1].revents & POLLIN){
recv(switch_sock, &server_response, sizeof(server_response), 0);
printf("%s\n", server_response);
}
}
}
Creates a TCP Socket for the switch.
int CreateTCPClientSocket( unsigned short port, char *serverAddress){
int sock; /*socket to create */
struct sockaddr_in servAddr; /* Local address */
/* Construct local address structure */
/* Create socket for incoming connections */
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: socket() failed\n");
exit(0);
}
memset(&servAddr, 0, sizeof(servAddr));
servAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servAddr.sin_port = htons(port);
servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverAddress);
if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&servAddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) <
0){
printf("Error code: %d\n", errno);
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: connect() just failed\n");
exit(0);
}
return sock;
}
This is the controller
#include "controller.h"
#include "packets.h"
#include "switch.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
void do_controller(int nSwitch, int portNumber){
int controller_sock; /* Socket descriptor for server/controller */
int clnSocket; /*Socket descriptor for clients */
int activity;
int max_sd;
int sd;
int client_socket[nSwitch];
struct sockaddr_in address;
int addrlen;
/* Controller stuff */
Controller cont;
cont.ackCounter = 0;
cont.openCounter = 0;
Switch sw;
char message[256] = "You have reached the server\n";
char recv_message[20];
printf("\n\nController created: nSwitch: %d on portNumber: %d\n", nSwitch, portNumber);
/* Initialise all client_socket[] to 0 so not checked */
for(int i = 0; i < nSwitch; i++){
client_socket[i] = 0;
}
/*Create the server/controller socket */
controller_sock = CreateTCPServerSocket(portNumber);
//addrlen = sizeof(address);
/* Prepare for nonblocking I/O polling/select from the controller socket */
printf("Starting server.........\n\n");
while(1){
/* Zero the socket set and set for server sockets */
/* This must be reset every time select() is called */
/* Add keyboard to descriptor */
/* Add client and controller sockets to set */
FD_ZERO(&sockSet);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &sockSet);
FD_SET(controller_sock, &sockSet);
max_sd = controller_sock;
//max_sd = 0;
printf("nSwitch: %d\n", nSwitch);
for(int x = 0; x < nSwitch; x++){
sd = client_socket[x];
printf("sd: %d\n\n", sd);
if(sd > 0)
FD_SET(sd, &sockSet);
if(sd > max_sd)
max_sd = sd;
}
printf("max_sd: %d\n", max_sd);
//wait for one of the sockets, timeout is Null,
//so wait indefinitely
activity = select(max_sd + 1, &sockSet, NULL, NULL,NULL);
//printf("Activity: %d\n", activity);
if(activity < 0){
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: select()\n");
exit(0);
}
/*Check keyboard */
if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &sockSet)){
int a;
char command[1024][256];
int commands;
char buf[256];
commands = read(0, buf, 256);
buf[commands] = '\0';
char *token;
token = strtok(buf, " ");
while(token != NULL){
strcpy(command[a], token);
a++;
token = strtok(NULL, " ");
}
a = 0;
bzero(buf, 256);
if(strcmp(command[0], "list") == 0){
//TODO: Make a print function
print_controller(&cont, nSwitch);
}
if(strcmp(command[0], "exit") == 0){
//TODO: Make a print function
print_controller(&cont, nSwitch);
exit(0);
}
continue;
}
/* Check the incoming FIFOS from the controller an attached switches */
/*If something happened on the controller socket,
then its an incomming connection. Accept new communitcation.Wait for a client to connect.
Recieve packets sent to the controller_sock
*/
if(FD_ISSET(controller_sock, &sockSet)){
clnSocket = AcceptTCPConnection(controller_sock);
if(send(clnSocket, message, sizeof(message), 0) != sizeof(message)){
fprintf(stderr, "Send()");
exit(0);
}
puts("Welcome message sent successfuly");
//PROBELM HERE BELOW!!!!!!! Returns error code 107 because the
socket disconnected.
recv(controller_sock, &recv_message, sizeof(recv_message), 0);
printf("This is my recv_message: %s\n", recv_message);
/*add new socket to array of sockets*/
for(int a = 0; a < nSwitch; a++){
/*if position is empty */
if(client_socket[a] == 0){
client_socket[a] = clnSocket;
printf("Adding to list of sockets as %d\n", client_socket[a]);
break;
}
}
}
/* Communicate with the sockets and handle TCP Client */
for(int z = 0; z <nSwitch; z++){
sd = client_socket[z];
/*Check if it was socket closed, and do other stuff */
if(FD_ISSET(sd ,&sockSet )){
getpeername(sd , (struct sockaddr*)&address , (socklen_t*)&addrlen);
printf("Host disconnected , ip %s , port %d \n" , inet_ntoa(address.sin_addr) , ntohs(address.sin_port));
close( sd );
client_socket[z] = 0;
}else{
//Do stuff for the client
printf("This is the client %d\n", sd);
}
}
}
}
These are the controllers functions: Assign a port to socket,Set socket to listen
int AcceptTCPConnection(int servSock){
int clntSock; /* Socket descriptor for client */
unsigned int clientAddressLen; /* sizeof(client_address); Length of client */
struct sockaddr_in cli_addr; /* Client address */
/* Set the size of the in-out parameter */
clientAddressLen = sizeof(cli_addr);
printf("ClientAddressLen: %x\n", clientAddressLen);
/* Wait for a client to connect */
if ((clntSock = accept(servSock, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr,
&clientAddressLen)) < 0){
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: accept failed\n");
exit(0);
}
/* clntSock is connected to a client! */
//infrom user of socket number used in send and receive commands
printf("Handling client %s\n", inet_ntoa(cli_addr.sin_addr));
printf("New connection: socket fd is: %d, ip is: %s, port: %d\n\n",
clntSock, inet_ntoa(cli_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(cli_addr.sin_port));
return clntSock;
}
Create a TCP socket
int CreateTCPServerSocket(unsigned short port){
int sock; /* socket to create */
struct sockaddr_in servAddr; /* Local address */
/* Create socket for incoming connections */
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: socket() failed\n");
exit(0);
}
/* Construct local address structure */
/* Define the server address */
//bzero((char *) &server_address, sizeof(server_address));
memset(&servAddr, 0, sizeof(servAddr)); /* Zero out structure */
servAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; /* Internet address family
*/
servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); /* Any incoming interface
*/
servAddr.sin_port = htons(port); /* Local port */
/* Bind to the local address */
printf("New connection: ip is: %s, port: %d\n\n",
inet_ntoa(servAddr.sin_addr), ntohs(servAddr.sin_port));
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &servAddr, sizeof(servAddr)) < 0){
printf("Error code: %d\n", errno);
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: bind() just failed\n");
exit(0);
}
/* Mark the socket so it will listen for incoming connections */
if (listen(sock, 5) < 0){
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: listen() failed\n");
exit(0);
}
return sock;
}

C server client Bad file descriptor

I have been figuring out why the below code give a bad descriptor for the whole day now. Below is the server code, most of it references to Beej's guide.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "CountryData.c"
//This function determine if address is IPv4 or IPv6 IP address
void *getAddr_Type(struct sockaddr *sa) {
if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET) { //If IPv4
return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
}
else //if IPv6
return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}
void sigchld_handler(int s)
{
// waitpid() might overwrite errno, so it is stored in a variable first:
int saved_errno = errno;
while(waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);
errno = saved_errno;
}
int main(void){
readData(); //Read from CountryData.c
int status, sockfd, client_sockfd;
int pid; //fork return value
char buffer[1000];
int bytecount;
struct addrinfo hints, *res, *serverInfo; //res points to linked list of "struct addrinfo"; serverInfo also points to linked list of "struct addrinfo" for use in for loop.
struct sockaddr_storage client_addr; //Address information of the client
struct sigaction sa;
socklen_t address_size; //Initialize size of address
char i[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; //INET6_ADDRSTRLEN macro is used to store maximum length of IPv6. Since IPv4 is definitely shorter than IPv6, "INET_ADDRSTRLEN" is not used.
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); //emptying the structure
//Pass in value into "addrinfo" struct
hints.ai_family = AF_INET; //Using IPv4
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; //Using TCP
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; //AI_PASSIVE = Own IP address
status = getaddrinfo(NULL, "8888", &hints, &serverInfo); //Initialising status return value and also passing in values to getaddrinfo().
//IP address is set to null. This will be filled in automatically by AI_PASSIVE.
if (status != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", gai_strerror(status));//gai_strerror to print human readable error
exit(1);
}
//Loop through all results and bind to the first
for (res = serverInfo; res != NULL; res = res->ai_next) {
//(1)Initializing socket
if ((sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol)) == -1) { //Show error message if initializing socket file descriptor fails
perror("Socket");
continue;
}
int optValue=1;
if ((setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &optValue, sizeof(int))) == -1) {
perror("Socket options");
exit(1);
} //(2)setting socket options. "SO_REUSEADDR" to prevent "Address already in use" and to allow reuse of the port
if ((bind(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen)) == -1) { //(3) Binding to local address and port
close(sockfd);
perror("Bind");
continue;
}
break;
}
freeaddrinfo(serverInfo); //Freeing "serverInfo" linked list
//However, if linked list is still empty, print error.
if (res == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error! Server is unable to bind.\n");
exit(1);
}
//If unable to listen, print error.
if ((listen(sockfd, 8)) == -1) { //(4) Listen for client connections, maximum of 8 waiting in queue
perror("Listen");
}
sa.sa_handler = sigchld_handler; // reap all dead processes
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1) {
perror("sigaction");
exit(1);
}
printf("Running server program 'server' ... \n\n\nCountry Directory Server Started! PID: %d\n", getpid());
for(;;) //infinite loop for server to wait for client requests
{
memset(buffer, 0, 1000);
address_size = sizeof(client_addr);
client_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &address_size);
if (client_sockfd == -1) {
perror("Accept");
close(client_sockfd);
exit(1);
}
inet_ntop(client_addr.ss_family, getAddr_Type((struct sockaddr *)&client_addr), i, sizeof(i));//retrieving IP address. "inet_ntop" is used for IPv6 compatibility.
printf("-------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Connection received from: %s\n\n", i);
if ((pid = fork()) == -1){ //Starts forking
perror("Failed to fork");
close(sockfd);
}
else if (pid == 0){ //child process
close(sockfd);//Child doesn't need this socket
memset(buffer, 0, 1000); //clear the buffer
if ((bytecount = recv(client_sockfd, buffer, 1000, 0)) == -1){//Receiving Client's input
perror("Server unable to receive");
close(client_sockfd);
exit(0);
}
else if ((strcasecmp(buffer, "END")) == 0){ //Nested If-statement; If client sends "end"
close(client_sockfd);
exit(0);
break;
}
else if (bytecount == 0) { //If "recv" returns 0, client has closed the connection
printf("Client (%d) has closed the connection.\n", getpid());
close(client_sockfd);
exit(0);
break;
}else {
printf("%s", buffer);
printf("%d", client_sockfd);
}
}
close(client_sockfd);
} //end of infinite while loop
}//End of main function
It successfully read client's input and print it out on the screen for the first for(;;) loop. The after the 2nd iteration, it shows Bad file descriptor
Below is the output in the server terminal after typing Hi in the client.
Johnny$ server
Running server program 'server' ...
Country Directory Server Started! PID: 18386
-------------------------------------------------------
Connection received from: 127.0.0.1
Accept: Bad file descriptor
Hi4
The number 4 is printing out the return value of the child file descriptor. This means that the loop ran once, then return an error. My expected output is simply to keep listening for the client's input and the server should constantly spit out what the client typed.
I am new to this server thing and am really having a major headache right getting this to work. Any help will be greatly appreciated.
Below is the client's code, if you're interested.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
void welcome()
{
printf("\n+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n");
printf(" Welcome to the Country Info Directory Service! \n");
printf(" ---------------------------------------------- \n");
printf("Usage :\n\n");
printf("1) At the '>' prompt, type in the name of the country\n");
printf(" you wish to search\n\n");
printf("2) To end program, type in 'end'\n");
printf("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n\n");
}
//This function determine if address is IPv4 or IPv6 IP address
void *getAddr_Type(struct sockaddr *sa) {
if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET) { //If IPv4
return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
}
else //if IPv6
return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int sockfd, numOfBytes;
int retrieveInfo;
char buf[100];
struct addrinfo hints, *res, *serverInfo;
char i[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; //INET6_ADDRSTRLEN macro is used to store maximum length of IPv6. Since IPv4 is definitely shorter than IPv6, "INET_ADDRSTRLEN" is not used.
if (argc != 2){
printf("Please enter in this format:\n'client':server-host-name\nFor example, if your hostname is vmwubuntu, please type:\nclient vmwubuntu [Enter]\n\n");
exit(1);
}
welcome();
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); //emptying the structure
//Pass in value into "addrinfo" struct
hints.ai_family = AF_INET; //Using IPv4
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; //Using TCP
retrieveInfo = getaddrinfo(argv[1], "8888", &hints, &serverInfo);
if(retrieveInfo != 0) {
printf("Fail to retrieve address!");
}
//Loop through all results and bind to the first
for (res = serverInfo; res != NULL; res = res->ai_next) {
sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol); //(1)Initializing socket
if (sockfd == -1) { //Show error message if initializing socket file descriptor fails
perror("Socket");
continue;
}
if (connect(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == -1) { //Retrieving values from "struct addrinfo" through "res" pointer
//close(sockfd);
perror("Connection");
continue;
}
break;
}
if (res == NULL) {
printf("Failed to connect to server\n");
exit(1);
}
char input[1000];
char receive[1000];
for(;;)
{
memset(input, '\0', 1000); //Initialize buffer size to store user input
printf("Enter Country > ");
fgets(input, 1000, stdin); //Take in user input with 1000 as the buffer size
input[strlen(input) - 1] = '\0'; //Stripping the null terminator away
if (strcasecmp(input, "END") == 0){ //If user enters "end"(case is ignored), close the file descriptor and exit
close(sockfd);
exit(0);
}
else {//SEND
if((numOfBytes = send(sockfd, input, strlen(input), 0)) == -1){ //start of nested if statement
perror("Unable to send");
exit(1);
}
else if (numOfBytes != strlen(input)){ //If string is not sent in full
perror("Send");
close(sockfd);
exit(1);
}else{//for testing purposes
printf("%d\n",strlen(input));//for testing purpose
printf("%d\n", numOfBytes); //for testing purpose
}//End of nested if statement
}
}//End of for infinite loop
} //End of main()
Your child process appears to be not exiting, and instead proceeding with the same code as the parent. Then, you try to call accept with the closed file descriptor.
This is why I always put the child code in its own function, and always call _exit() immediately following. Note that I use _exit() instead of exit() to ensure that no parent atexit handlers are executed.
Furthermore, it helps to include PIDs in your log messages. Try using something like this:
#define INFO(fmt, ...) fprintf(stderr, "[%d] %s" fmt, getpid(), __FUNCTION__, __VA_ARGS__)
...
INFO("x=%d\n", x);
The child process in the sever side will try to accept the same fd.
How about to add a infinite loop before
else if (pid == 0){ //child process
close(sockfd);//Child doesn't need this socket
memset(buffer, 0, 1000); //clear the buffer
for (;;) {
if ((bytecount = recv(client_sockfd, buffer, 1000, 0)) == -1){//Receiving Client's input
perror("Server unable to receive");
close(client_sockfd);
exit(0);
}
else if ((strcasecmp(buffer, "END")) == 0){ //Nested If-statement; If client sends "end"
close(client_sockfd);
exit(0);
break;
}
else if (bytecount == 0) { //If "recv" returns 0, client has closed the connection
printf("Client (%d) has closed the connection.\n", getpid());
close(client_sockfd);
exit(0);
break;
}else {
printf("%s", buffer);
printf("%d", client_sockfd);
}
}
}

In TCP socket program,client send some data, but server need read multiple times. why?

I have a question about socket.I send N-size data from client to server, N-size less than 100 byte.So I think my data should not be split to multiple tcp packet.In my opinion, Client send data should be done at one times and Server can receive data at one time.But The result is not satisfactory.Real situation is the server need call read data.I don't understand it.Follow code:
epoll_server.cpp(only receive data.)
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#define BUFSIZE 1024
#define INITSIZE 1024
#define MAXEVENTCOUNT 10240
// add non-blocking to sockfd
int make_socket_non_blocking(int fd)
{
// get initial flag
int src_flags;
src_flags= fcntl(fd, F_GETFL,0);
if(src_flags == -1)
{
perror("fcntl get error.");
return-1;
}
// add non-blocking
int new_flags = src_flags | O_NONBLOCK;
int ret_value;
ret_value = fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, new_flags);
if(ret_value == -1)
{
perror("fcntl set error.");
return-1;
}
return 0;
}
// main function
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int server_sockfd, client_sockfd;
int server_len;
struct sockaddr_in server_address;
// create server socket fd
server_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// init server address struct
bzero(&server_address, sizeof(server_address));
server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_address.sin_port = htons(9567);
server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
server_len = sizeof(server_address);
// bind server address info for server fd
if((bind(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_address, server_len)) == -1)
{
perror("bind error");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// let server is listened state
listen(server_sockfd, 5);
printf("server start waiting for connect...\r\n");
// only suggestion
int efd = epoll_create(INITSIZE);
if(-1 == efd)
{
printf("epoll_create error happen.\n");
return -1;
}
// set server_sockfd
struct epoll_event server_event, event;
server_event.data.fd = server_sockfd;
server_event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
int ret_epollctl = epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, server_sockfd, &server_event);
if(-1 == ret_epollctl)
{
printf("epoll_ctl error happen when efd is adding server_sockfd.\n");
return -1;
}
/* event loop */
struct epoll_event* return_events;
// set timeout is 3000 ms
int timeout_msecond = 3000;
return_events = (struct epoll_event*)malloc(MAXEVENTCOUNT*sizeof(struct epoll_event));
int count = 0;
while(1)
{
int ret_epollwait = epoll_wait(efd, return_events, MAXEVENTCOUNT, timeout_msecond);
// part_1:epoll_wait error happen
if(-1 == ret_epollwait)
{
printf("logged epoll_wait error happen.\n");
continue;
}
// part_2:epoll_wait timeout
if(0 == ret_epollwait)
{
printf("logged epoll_wait timeout.\n");
continue;
}
// part_3:do some other event
int index = 0;
for(index = 0; index < MAXEVENTCOUNT; index++)
{
// part_3-1:hup ...
if((return_events[index].events & EPOLLERR)
|| (return_events[index].events & EPOLLHUP)
|| !(return_events[index].events & EPOLLIN) )
{
continue;
}
// part_3-2:is connection
if(return_events[index].data.fd == server_sockfd)
{
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
int client_len = sizeof(client_address);
// server accept connection from client
int client_sockfd = accept(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_address, (socklen_t*)&client_len);
// part_3-2-1:connection error happen
if(-1 == client_sockfd)
{
if((EAGAIN == errno)
|| (EWOULDBLOCK == errno) )
{
continue;
}
else
{
printf("accept error occured.\n");
continue;
}
}
else // part_3-2-2:normal connection
{
// get clinet some information
char hostinfo_buf[BUFSIZE] = {0};
char servname_buf[BUFSIZE] = {0};
int tmp_ret = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr*)&client_address, client_len, hostinfo_buf, sizeof(hostinfo_buf), servname_buf, sizeof(servname_buf), NI_NUMERICHOST| NI_NUMERICSERV);
if(0 == tmp_ret)
{
printf("Accepted connection on descriptor %d:ip=%s, port=%s.\n", client_sockfd, hostinfo_buf, servname_buf);
}
// set client_sockfd to non-blocking
tmp_ret = make_socket_non_blocking(client_sockfd);
if(-1 == tmp_ret)
{
printf("set client_sockfd=%d to non-blocking error occured.\n", client_sockfd);
abort();
}
// set client_sockfd is EPOLLIN, EPOLLET
event.data.fd = client_sockfd;
event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
tmp_ret = epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, client_sockfd, &event);
if(tmp_ret == -1)
{
printf("efd add %d has a error.\n", client_sockfd);
continue;
}
printf("add descriptor %d:ip=%s, port=%s successfully.\n", client_sockfd, hostinfo_buf, servname_buf);
}
continue;
}
// part_3-3:read data from client
printf("read data start++++\n");
int temp = 0;
// get recv_cache size start
int recvsize = 0;
socklen_t optlen = sizeof(recvsize);
int err = getsockopt(return_events[index].data.fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &recvsize, &optlen);
printf("recv cache size :%d\n", recvsize);
// get recv_cache size end
while(1) // start while(1)
{
printf("%d times read data\n", ++temp);
char* recv_buffer = (char*)malloc(1024+1);
memset(recv_buffer, 0, 1025);
// int ret_read = read(return_events[index].data.fd, recv_buffer, sizeof(recv_buffer));
int ret_read = recv(return_events[index].data.fd, recv_buffer, sizeof(recv_buffer), 0);
// part_3-3-1:read return error
if(-1 == ret_read)
{
if(EAGAIN != errno)
{
printf("read data from %d error occured, errno=%d, %s.\n", return_events[index].data.fd, errno, strerror(errno));
}
break;
}
// part_3-3-2:no data
if(0 == ret_read)
{
continue;
}
// part_3-3-3:output data. If data is 'bye', connection will close.
if(ret_read > 0)
{
printf("%d client's data:size=%dbyte, content=%s\n", return_events[index].data.fd, ret_read, recv_buffer);
// part_3-3-3-1:close connection and remove client_sockfd
if((recv_buffer[0] == 'b')
&& (recv_buffer[1] == 'y')
&& (recv_buffer[2] == 'e') )
{
close(return_events[index].data.fd);
printf("close %d, ", return_events[index].data.fd);
int tmp_ret = epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, return_events[index].data.fd, NULL);
if(tmp_ret == -1)
{
printf("efd del %d has a error.\n", client_sockfd);
}
printf("remove descriptor %d successfully.\n", return_events[index].data.fd);
}
}
} // end of while(1)
printf("read data finish------\n");
}
}
free(return_events);
// close server_sockfd
shutdown(server_sockfd, 2);
return 0;
}
epoll_client.cpp(only send data.)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define BUFSIZE 1024
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int sock_clientfd, ret_recvsize, i;
struct sockaddr_in dest, mine;
char send_buffer[BUFSIZE + 1];
// create socket fd
if ((sock_clientfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
{
perror("Socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// init server address that client will connetct to.
bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_port = htons(9567);
if(argc != 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s <dest ip>\n", argv[0]);
printf("Usage: %s 127.0.0.1\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
printf("-----\n");
if (inet_aton(argv[1], (struct in_addr *) &dest.sin_addr.s_addr) == 0)
{
perror(argv[1]);
exit(1);
}
// connect to server
printf("will connect!\n");
if (connect(sock_clientfd, (struct sockaddr *) &dest, sizeof(dest)) != 0)
{
perror("Connect ");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while(1)
{
bzero(send_buffer, BUFSIZE + 1);
printf("input message:");
fgets(send_buffer, BUFSIZE, stdin);
send_buffer[strlen(send_buffer) - 1] = '\0';
printf("%d\n", strlen(send_buffer));
int send_retsize = send(sock_clientfd, send_buffer, strlen(send_buffer), 0);
if(send_retsize == -1)
{
perror("send data to client error happen!");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("send succ data:%s\n", send_buffer);
if((send_buffer[0] == 'b')
&& (send_buffer[1] == 'y')
&& (send_buffer[2] == 'e') )
{
printf("client active close connect.\n");
break;
}
}
// close sock_clientfd
close(sock_clientfd);
return 0;
}
Follow pircture is some run info:
epoll_server.png
epoll_client.png
The server read data is only 8 byte, Is the kernel design epoll is this?
I guess the reasons are as follows pirture:
The reason you don't receive everything that is available in one read is because you only read 8 bytes at a time.
char* recv_buffer = (char*)malloc(1024+1);
int ret_read = recv(return_events[index].data.fd, recv_buffer, sizeof(recv_buffer), 0);
// part_3-3-1:read return error
recv_buffer is a char* not an array, so sizeof recv_buffer equals the size of a pointer which in your case is 8.
Note that you should never rely on data arriving in packages. If your message protocol states that you should be getting 10 bytes never expect all 10 bytes to be available at once. You should always code in a way that can handle data being split up into multiple reads.
If the thread handles a single socket then a simple do { read... } while (total_bytes_received < expected_bytes); will suffice.
If the thread handles multiple connections, then you need to save the bytes you have read and then continue to manage other sockets that are ready before returning to your handling loop that will use select/epoll to wait for more data.

multi-threaded file transfer with socket

I am trying to make a multi-threaded server-client file transfer system in C. There are clients which will send or list or do some other choice (in a switch case you can see) and a server storing the files and serving a lot of clients.
Multi-thread ideology is really difficult as far as I can see. It needs too much experience instead of knowledge. I have been working on the project for more than one week and I haven't been able to get on top of the problems.
There are 4 choices: first one is lists local files of client in its directory, second one is list files which are transferred between the client and server, third reading filename from user and copy the file into server's directory.
My vital issue here is about multi-threading. I cannot connect multiple clients. I have read the code from a to z heaps of times but I really can't catch my errors and am stuck.
The other issue is that the client will end when the SIGINT is caught, but, for instance, after choosing list files when press ctrl-c it doesn't stop. Same issue for the server file as well. It is more troublesome compared to the client's catching because when server gets SIGINT, clients will be disconnected respectively from the server.
Thanks for your helps!
server.c
/*
Soner
Receive a file over a socket.
Saves it to output.tmp by default.
Interface:
./executable [<port>]
Defaults:
- output_file: output.tmp
- port: 12345
*/
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h> /* getprotobyname */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
pthread_mutex_t mutex1 = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
enum { PORTSIZE = 5 };
void* forClient(void* ptr);
void sig_handler(int signo)
{
if (signo == SIGINT)
printf("!! OUCH, CTRL - C received by server !!\n");
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
struct addrinfo hints, *res;
int enable = 1;
int filefd;
int server_sockfd;
unsigned short server_port = 12345u;
char portNum[PORTSIZE];
socklen_t client_len[BUFSIZ];
struct sockaddr_in client_address[BUFSIZ];
int client_sockfd[BUFSIZ];
int socket_index = 0;
pthread_t threads[BUFSIZ];
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage ./server <port>\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
server_port = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10);
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_INET; //ipv4
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; // tcp
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; // fill in my IP for me
sprintf(portNum, "%d", server_port);
getaddrinfo(NULL, portNum, &hints, &res);
server_sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
if (server_sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (setsockopt(server_sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, (SO_REUSEPORT | SO_REUSEADDR), &enable, sizeof(enable)) < 0) {
perror("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (bind(server_sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (listen(server_sockfd, 5) == -1) {
perror("listen");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
fprintf(stderr, "listening on port %d\n", server_port);
while (1) {
client_len[socket_index] = sizeof(client_address[socket_index]);
puts("waiting for client");
client_sockfd[socket_index] = accept(
server_sockfd,
(struct sockaddr*)&client_address[socket_index],
&client_len[socket_index]
);
if (client_sockfd[socket_index] < 0) {
perror("Cannot accept connection\n");
close(server_sockfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
pthread_create( &threads[socket_index], NULL, forClient, (void*)client_sockfd[socket_index]);
if(BUFSIZ == socket_index) {
socket_index = 0;
} else {
++socket_index;
}
pthread_join(threads[socket_index], NULL);
close(filefd);
close(client_sockfd[socket_index]);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
void* forClient(void* ptr) {
int connect_socket = (int) ptr;
int filefd;
ssize_t read_return;
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
char *file_path;
char receiveFileName[BUFSIZ];
int ret = 1;
// Thread number means client's id
printf("Thread number %ld\n", pthread_self());
pthread_mutex_lock( &mutex1 );
// until stop receiving go on taking information
while (recv(connect_socket, receiveFileName, sizeof(receiveFileName), 0)) {
file_path = receiveFileName;
fprintf(stderr, "is the file name received? ? => %s\n", file_path);
filefd = open(file_path,
O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
if (filefd == -1) {
perror("open");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
do {
read_return = read(connect_socket, buffer, BUFSIZ);
if (read_return == -1) {
perror("read");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (write(filefd, buffer, read_return) == -1) {
perror("write");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
} while (read_return > 0);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock( &mutex1 );
fprintf(stderr, "Client dropped connection\n");
pthread_exit(&ret);
}
client.c
/*
Soner
Send a file over a socket.
Interface:
./executable [<sever_hostname> [<port>]]
Defaults:
- server_hostname: 127.0.0.1
- port: 12345
*/
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h> /* getprotobyname */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
// NOTE/BUG: this didn't provide enough space for a 5 digit port + EOS char
#if 0
enum { PORTSIZE = 5 };
#else
enum { PORTSIZE = 6 };
#endif
void
sig_handler(int signo)
{
if (signo == SIGINT)
printf("!! OUCH, CTRL - C received on client !!\n");
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct addrinfo hints,
*res;
char *server_hostname = "127.0.0.1";
char file_path[BUFSIZ];
char *server_reply = NULL;
char *user_input = NULL;
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
int filefd;
int sockfd;
ssize_t read_return;
struct hostent *hostent;
unsigned short server_port = 12345;
char portNum[PORTSIZE];
char remote_file[BUFSIZ];
int select;
char *client_server_files[BUFSIZ];
int i = 0;
int j;
// char filename_to_send[BUFSIZ];
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage ./client <ip> <port>\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
server_hostname = argv[1];
server_port = strtol(argv[2], NULL, 10);
/* Prepare hint (socket address input). */
hostent = gethostbyname(server_hostname);
if (hostent == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: gethostbyname(\"%s\")\n", server_hostname);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_INET; // ipv4
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; // tcp
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; // fill in my IP for me
sprintf(portNum, "%d", server_port);
getaddrinfo(NULL, portNum, &hints, &res);
sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
if (sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Do the actual connection. */
if (connect(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
perror("connect");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
while (1) {
if (signal(SIGINT, sig_handler)) {
break;
}
puts("connected to the server");
puts("-----------------");
puts("|1 - listLocal| \n|2 - listServer| \n|3 - sendFile| \n|4 - help| \n|5 - exit| ");
puts("-----------------");
while (1) {
scanf("%d", &select);
switch (select) {
case 1: // list files of client's directory
system("find . -maxdepth 1 -type f | sort");
break;
case 2: // listServer
puts("---- Files btw Server and the Client ----");
for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
puts(client_server_files[j]);
}
break;
case 3: // send file
memset(file_path, 0, sizeof file_path);
scanf("%s", file_path);
memset(remote_file, 0, sizeof remote_file);
// send file name to server
sprintf(remote_file, "%s", file_path);
send(sockfd, remote_file, sizeof(remote_file), 0);
filefd = open(file_path, O_RDONLY);
if (filefd == -1) {
perror("open send file");
//exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
while (1) {
read_return = read(filefd, buffer, BUFSIZ);
if (read_return == 0)
break;
if (read_return == -1) {
perror("read");
//exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
if (write(sockfd, buffer, read_return) == -1) {
perror("write");
//exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
}
// add files in char pointer array
client_server_files[i++] = file_path;
close(filefd);
break;
case 5:
free(user_input);
free(server_reply);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
default:
puts("Wrong selection!");
break;
}
}
}
free(user_input);
free(server_reply);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
I fixed most of the bugs that others have mentioned.
Key points to get multithread/multiclient working:
Eliminate mutex.
Consolidate all arrays previously indexed by socket_index into a new "control" struct. main thread does a malloc for the struct, fills it in, and passes off the struct pointer to the thread.
Remove pthread_join from main thread and run all threads detached. main no longer does any close/cleanup for the client thread.
client thread now does the close/cleanup/free.
Even with all that, the server/client code still needs some work, but now, it does work with multiple simultaneous client connections which I believe was the main issue.
Note: I've answered a similar question before: executing commands via sockets with popen() Pay particular attention to the discussion of the "flag" character.
Anyway, Here's the code. I've cleaned it, annotated the bugs and fixes and wrapped the old/new code with #if 0. Note that some of the "old" code isn't purely original code, but an interim version of mine. [please pardon the gratuitous style cleanup]:
server.c:
/*
Soner
Receive a file over a socket.
Saves it to output.tmp by default.
Interface:
./executable [<port>]
Defaults:
- output_file: output.tmp
- port: 12345
*/
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h> /* getprotobyname */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
// NOTE: this consolidates four arrays that were indexed by socket_index
struct client {
socklen_t client_len;
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
int client_sockfd;
pthread_t thread;
};
// NOTE: no longer used/needed for true multiclient
#if 0
pthread_mutex_t mutex1 = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
#endif
// NOTE/BUG: this didn't provide enough space for a 5 digit port + EOS char
#if 0
enum { PORTSIZE = 5 };
#else
enum { PORTSIZE = 6 };
#endif
void *forClient(void *ptr);
void
sig_handler(int signo)
{
if (signo == SIGINT)
printf("!! OUCH, CTRL - C received by server !!\n");
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct addrinfo hints,
*res;
int enable = 1;
//int filefd; // NOTE: this is never initialized/used
int server_sockfd;
unsigned short server_port = 12345u;
char portNum[PORTSIZE];
// NOTE: now all client related data is malloc'ed
#if 0
int socket_index = 0;
#else
struct client *ctl;
#endif
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage ./server <port>\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
server_port = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10);
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_INET; // ipv4
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; // tcp
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; // fill in my IP for me
sprintf(portNum, "%d", server_port);
getaddrinfo(NULL, portNum, &hints, &res);
server_sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
if (server_sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (setsockopt(server_sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, (SO_REUSEPORT | SO_REUSEADDR), &enable, sizeof(enable)) < 0) {
perror("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (bind(server_sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (listen(server_sockfd, 5) == -1) {
perror("listen");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
fprintf(stderr, "listening on port %d\n", server_port);
// NOTE: we want the threads to run detached so we don't have to wait
// for them to do cleanup -- the thread now does its own close/cleanup
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr,1);
while (1) {
// NOTE/BUG: using a fixed list, if you actually let threads detach,
// you don't know which thread completes allowing its control struct
// to be reused
// the solution is to allocate a fresh one, fill it, pass it to the
// thread and let the _thread_ do all the closes and cleanup
#if 0
ctl = &control_list[socket_index];
#else
ctl = malloc(sizeof(struct client));
if (ctl == NULL) {
perror("malloc");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
#endif
ctl->client_len = sizeof(ctl->client_address);
puts("waiting for client");
ctl->client_sockfd = accept(server_sockfd,
(struct sockaddr *) &ctl->client_address, &ctl->client_len);
if (ctl->client_sockfd < 0) {
perror("Cannot accept connection\n");
close(server_sockfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// NOTE: we're running the threads detached now and we're passing down
// extra information just in case the client loop needs it
#if 0
pthread_create(&ctl->thread, NULL, forClient, ctl);
#else
pthread_create(&ctl->thread, &attr, forClient, ctl);
#endif
#if 0
if (BUFSIZ == socket_index) {
socket_index = 0;
}
else {
++socket_index;
}
#endif
// NOTE/BUG: this is why you couldn't do multiple clients at the same
// time -- you are doing a thread join
// but you _had_ to because the main thread didn't know when a thread
// was done with the control struct without the join
#if 0
pthread_join(threads[socket_index], NULL);
close(filefd);
close(client_sockfd[socket_index]);
#endif
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
void *
forClient(void *ptr)
{
#if 0
int connect_socket = (int) ptr;
#else
struct client *ctl = ptr;
int connect_socket = ctl->client_sockfd;
#endif
int filefd;
ssize_t read_return;
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
char *file_path;
long long file_length;
char receiveFileName[BUFSIZ];
//int ret = 1;
// Thread number means client's id
printf("Thread number %ld\n", pthread_self());
// NOTE: to run parallel threads, this prevents that
#if 0
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex1);
#endif
// until stop receiving go on taking information
while (recv(connect_socket, receiveFileName, sizeof(receiveFileName), 0)) {
// NOTE/FIX2: now we have the client send us the file length so we
// know when to stop the read loop below
file_length = strtoll(receiveFileName,&file_path,10);
if (*file_path != ',') {
fprintf(stderr,"syntax error in request -- '%s'\n",
receiveFileName);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
file_path += 1;
fprintf(stderr, "is the file name received? ? => %s [%lld bytes]\n",
file_path,file_length);
// NOTE: if you want to see _why_ sending the length is necessary,
// uncomment this line and the "unable to send two files" bug will
// reappear
//file_length = 1LL << 62;
filefd = open(file_path,
O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
if (filefd == -1) {
perror("open");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// NOTE/BUG2/FIX: now we only read up to what we're told to read
// previously, we would keep trying to read, so on the _second_
// send, our read call here would get the data that _should_ have
// gone into the recv above
// in other words, we'd lose synchronization with what the client
// was sending us [and we'd put the second filename into the first
// file as data at the bottom]
for (; file_length > 0; file_length -= read_return) {
read_return = BUFSIZ;
if (read_return > file_length)
read_return = file_length;
read_return = read(connect_socket, buffer, read_return);
if (read_return == -1) {
perror("read");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (read_return == 0)
break;
if (write(filefd, buffer, read_return) == -1) {
perror("write");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
fprintf(stderr,"file complete\n");
// NOTE/BUG: filefd was never closed
#if 1
close(filefd);
#endif
}
#if 0
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex1);
#endif
fprintf(stderr, "Client dropped connection\n");
// NOTE: do all client related cleanup here
// previously, the main thread was doing the close, which is why it had
// to do the pthread_join
close(connect_socket);
free(ctl);
// NOTE: this needs a void * value like below
#if 0
pthread_exit(&ret);
#endif
return (void *) 0;
}
client.c:
/*
Soner
Send a file over a socket.
Interface:
./executable [<sever_hostname> [<port>]]
Defaults:
- server_hostname: 127.0.0.1
- port: 12345
*/
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h> /* getprotobyname */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
// NOTE/BUG: this didn't provide enough space for a 5 digit port + EOS char
#if 0
enum { PORTSIZE = 5 };
#else
enum { PORTSIZE = 6 };
#endif
// NOTE2: the "volatile" attribute here is critical to proper operation
volatile int signo_taken;
// NOTE/BUG2: don't use BUFSIZ when you really want something else
#define MAXFILES 1000
void
sig_handler(int signo)
{
// NOTE/BUG2/FIX: doing printf within a signal handler is _not_ [AFAIK] a
// safe thing to do because it can foul up the internal structure data of
// stdout if the base task was doing printf/puts and the signal occurred
// in the middle -- there are a number of other restrictions, such as
// _no_ malloc, etc.
// so, just alert the base layer and let it handle things when it's in a
// "safe" state to do so ...
signo_taken = signo;
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct addrinfo hints,
*res;
char *server_hostname = "127.0.0.1";
char file_path[BUFSIZ];
char *server_reply = NULL;
char *user_input = NULL;
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
int filefd;
int sockfd;
struct stat st;
ssize_t read_return;
struct hostent *hostent;
unsigned short server_port = 12345;
char portNum[PORTSIZE];
char remote_file[BUFSIZ];
int select;
char *client_server_files[MAXFILES];
int i = 0;
int j;
// char filename_to_send[BUFSIZ];
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage ./client <ip> <port>\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
server_hostname = argv[1];
server_port = strtol(argv[2], NULL, 10);
/* Prepare hint (socket address input). */
hostent = gethostbyname(server_hostname);
if (hostent == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: gethostbyname(\"%s\")\n", server_hostname);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_INET; // ipv4
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; // tcp
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; // fill in my IP for me
sprintf(portNum, "%d", server_port);
getaddrinfo(NULL, portNum, &hints, &res);
sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
if (sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Do the actual connection. */
if (connect(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
perror("connect");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// NOTE/FIX2: this only needs to be done once, since the desired action is
// to [cleanly] stop the program
signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
// NOTES:
// (1) instead of using signo_taken as is done, below there are alternate
// ways to handle signals with sigsetjmp and siglongjmp
// (2) but the main reason to _not_ do this is to prevent the handler
// from messing up a file transfer
while (! signo_taken) {
puts("connected to the server");
#if 0
puts("-----------------");
puts("|1 - listLocal| \n|2 - listServer| \n|3 - sendFile| \n|4 - help| \n|5 - exit| ");
puts("-----------------");
#endif
while (! signo_taken) {
// NOTE: not a bug, but it helps the user to output the menu each
// time
#if 1
puts("-----------------");
puts("|1 - listLocal| \n|2 - listServer| \n|3 - sendFile| \n|4 - help| \n|5 - exit| ");
puts("-----------------");
#endif
scanf("%d", &select);
// NOTE: we should check this after _any_ call that requests user
// input (e.g. scanf, fgets(...,stdin), etc.)
if (signo_taken)
break;
switch (select) {
case 1: // list files of client's directory
system("find . -maxdepth 1 -type f | sort");
break;
case 2: // listServer
puts("---- Files btw Server and the Client ----");
for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
puts(client_server_files[j]);
}
break;
case 3: // send file
fputs("Enter filename: ",stdout);
fflush(stdout);
memset(file_path, 0, sizeof file_path);
scanf("%s", file_path);
if (signo_taken)
break;
// NOTE/FIX: check the file _before_ sending request to server
// and we [now] want to know the file length so we can send
// that to the server so it will know when to stop receiving
#if 1
filefd = open(file_path, O_RDONLY);
if (filefd == -1) {
perror("open send file");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
// get the file's byte length
if (fstat(filefd,&st) < 0) {
perror("stat send file");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
close(filefd);
break;
}
#endif
// send file name to server
memset(remote_file, 0, sizeof(remote_file));
#if 0
sprintf(remote_file, "%s", file_path);
#else
sprintf(remote_file, "%lld,%s",
(long long) st.st_size,file_path);
#endif
send(sockfd, remote_file, sizeof(remote_file), 0);
// NOTE/BUG2: this should be done above to _not_ confuse server
#if 0
filefd = open(file_path, O_RDONLY);
if (filefd == -1) {
perror("open send file");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
#endif
while (1) {
read_return = read(filefd, buffer, BUFSIZ);
if (read_return == 0)
break;
if (read_return == -1) {
perror("read");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
if (write(sockfd, buffer, read_return) == -1) {
perror("write");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
}
close(filefd);
// add files in char pointer array
// NOTE/BUG2: file_path gets overwritten, so we must save it
// here
#if 0
client_server_files[i++] = file_path;
#else
if (i < MAXFILES)
client_server_files[i++] = strdup(file_path);
#endif
puts("file complete");
break;
case 5:
free(user_input);
free(server_reply);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
break;
default:
puts("Wrong selection!");
break;
}
}
}
// NOTE/FIX2: we output this here when it's save to do so
if (signo_taken)
printf("!! OUCH, CTRL - C received on client !!\n");
free(user_input);
free(server_reply);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
UPDATE:
I have solved my connection-interruption problem but signal is still occurring. I left two problems more times file sending and signal handling
I have reworked the client signal handling so that it works as expected [which is to print the message and stop the client].
I have also fixed the problem where only one file could be sent. To understand this, consider the actions of both client and server.
To send a file, client prompts for filename, does a send call with the filename in it. It then opens the file and does a read/write loop to send the file data to the server [and then closes the file descriptor].
To receive a file, server does a recv call to get the filename. It then opens the file [for output] and does a read/write to write the data from the socket to the file [and then closes the file descriptor].
Here is the problem: The termination condition for the server's read/write loop is to wait until the read(connect_socket,...) call returns 0. But, it will not return zero [unless the socket has been closed].
So, now the client does a send call to send the second filename. But, the data for this, instead of going into the server's recv call, will merely be part of the read buffer. That is, the second filename will just be appended to the first file as data.
The solution is to have the client tell the server what the file size is. So, instead of the client doing a send of filename, it now does a send of filesize,filename
The server will now decode this filesize and split off the filename in the recv buffer. Now, the server's read/write loop will maintain a count of how many bytes still need to be read and the loop stops when the remaining count hits zero.
There were one or two other minor bugs. I've updated both client.c and server.c with the bug fixes and annotations

Static variable in C

I have this program that is a part of a server with tcp protocol, that gets a number from the client and uses it in another function.
Also I have a static int type variable that i want to count each time the server gets a message from a client, but each time it does not keep its value;
The variable is counter
Can you guys tell me why this is happening?
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// used port
#define PORT 1114
// error code
extern int errno;
static int counter;
int main ()
{
struct sockaddr_in server; // structure used by server
struct sockaddr_in from;
char message[100]; //message received from client
int socketDescriptor; //socket descriptor
//creating socket
if ((socketDescriptor = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
{
perror ("[server]Error at socket\n");
return errno;
}
//preparing data structures
bzero (&server, sizeof (server));
bzero (&from, sizeof (from));
//filling structures
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDR_ANY);
server.sin_port = htons (PORT);
//attach socket to descriptor
if (bind (socketDescriptor, (struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof (struct sockaddr)) == -1)
{
perror ("[server]Error at bind\n");
return errno;
}
//server is listening
if (listen (socketDescriptor, 2) == -1)
{
perror ("[server]Error at listen\n");
return errno;
}
/serving concurrent the clients
while (1)
{
int client;
int length = sizeof (from);
printf ("[server]Waiting at port %d...\n",PORT);
fflush (stdout);
//accepting client
client = accept (socketDescriptor, (struct sockaddr *) &from, &length);
counter ++;
switch(fork())
{
case -1:
perror("fork err\n");
exit(2);
case 0:
//error if failed connection
if (client < 0)
{
perror ("[server]Error at accept\n");
continue;
}
//conenction established
bzero (message, 100);
printf ("[server]Waiting for message...\n");
fflush (stdout);
//reading message
if (read (client, message, 100) <= 0)
{
perror ("[server]Error at read\n");
close (client); //closing connection
continue; //keep listening
}
printf ("[server]Message was received%s\n", message);
//this is where I want to increment counter, when I want to verify message
int number;
number = atoi(message);//convert char to int
printf("The number is: %d\n", number);//print number
printf("The counter is : %d\n", counter);
fflush(stdout);
exit(2);
}
close (client);
} /* while */
} /* main */
Just move counter++ to the parent process. When the child process starts it gets a copy of counter and the one you modify does not affect it's copy (original actually) in the parent process. If you update it in the parent process you will achieve what you want.
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
int number;
int listenfd, connfd, n;
pid_t childpid;
socklen_t clilen;
char message[MAXLINE], answer[MAXLINE];
struct sockaddr_in clientaddr, serveraddr;
int counter;
counter = 0;
// create socket
if ((listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
{
perror("ERROR at creating socket\n");
exit(2);
}
// preparation of socket address
serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serveraddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// bind the socket
bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
// listen to the socket
listen(listenfd, LIMIT);
printf("Server running, waiting for connections at port : %d\n", PORT);
while (1)
{
clilen = sizeof(clientaddr);
// accept a connection
connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &clientaddr, &clilen);
printf("Recieved guest\n");
switch (fork())
{
case -1:
perror("fork err\n");
exit(2);
case 0:
/* eroare la acceptarea conexiunii de la un client */
if (connfd < 0)
{
perror("[server]Eroare la accept().\n");
continue;
}
/* s-a realizat conexiunea, se astepta mesajul */
bzero(message, 100);
printf("[server]Asteptam mesajul...\n");
fflush(stdout);
/* citirea mesajului */
if (read(connfd, message, 100) <= 0)
{
perror("[server]Eroare la read() de la client.\n");
close(connfd); /* inchidem conexiunea cu clientul */
continue; /* continuam sa ascultam */
}
printf ("[server]Message was received...%s\n", message);
fflush(stdout);
number = atoi(message);
printf("The number is: %d\n", number);
printf ("%d\n", counter + 1);
_exit(0); // The child should not create further grand children
default:
counter++;
break;
}//switch
}//for
close(connfd);
}//main
You appear to be forking before setting the counter. Since forking duplicates the entire process, the copy of counter in each child process is different from the parent.
Sharing variables between applications in C can be tricky, but actually there's a pretty easy fix for your case and it will improve performance too. If you look at your code, you're forking after the connect and then handling, in the child, the possibiliy that the connfd < 0. If you handled that in the parent process, the counter could belong to the parent and could be incremented before the fork.
A few other notes here come to mind. Remember, fork duplicates the parent process, so the children in your case are still within a while(1) loop. When you continue you loop back to the next iteration of the while(1) loop, but this doesn't seem correct; you want the child process to exit when it's done handling the connection. This also means as you accept connections, you fork but the fork never dies - I guess that's more a "process leak" than a memory leak, but will certainly eat up memory. Finally, just to throw it out there, forking to handle each request is probably the slowest way to concurrently handle connections. I've had great success with pthread in this case. Since threads share a process space, the threads can even persist and handle many connections before dying ( put the connections on a queue and have the threads poll it, for example ) becasuse they can continue to share connections with their "parent" ( though it's really a sibling thread in this case).

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