How to draw circles, arcs and vector graphics in SDL? - c

I'm using SDL2.
The only way I can find to draw a shape is with the line, rect and pixel functions, as explained here.
Apart from using trig or the "equation of a circle", how could I draw a curve? How about general vector graphics?
Is SDL an appropriate starting point or should I look elsewhere?

This is an example of the Midpoint Circle Algorithm as referenced above. It doesn't require a math library and is very fast. (Renders in about 500 microseconds) This is what Windows uses/used to rasterize circles.
void DrawCircle(SDL_Renderer * renderer, int32_t centreX, int32_t centreY, int32_t radius)
{
const int32_t diameter = (radius * 2);
int32_t x = (radius - 1);
int32_t y = 0;
int32_t tx = 1;
int32_t ty = 1;
int32_t error = (tx - diameter);
while (x >= y)
{
// Each of the following renders an octant of the circle
SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centreX + x, centreY - y);
SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centreX + x, centreY + y);
SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centreX - x, centreY - y);
SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centreX - x, centreY + y);
SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centreX + y, centreY - x);
SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centreX + y, centreY + x);
SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centreX - y, centreY - x);
SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centreX - y, centreY + x);
if (error <= 0)
{
++y;
error += ty;
ty += 2;
}
if (error > 0)
{
--x;
tx += 2;
error += (tx - diameter);
}
}
}

If you want to write your own circle drawing function, then I'd suggest adapting the midpoint algorithm to SDL2 by drawing pixels.
Curves would be done similarly, but would use more of an ellipses drawing algorithm.
Actual vector graphics start to get much more complicated, and you'd probably have to find something that renders SVG files, which I'm not sure there are many options for SDL2.
However, if you would rather simply have functions that you can work with I'd suggest going straight to SDL2_gfx instead. It has many more functions already implemented for you to work with.

SDL allows for third party libs to draw on a texture. If cairo was desirable, it could be used in a function like this:
cairo_t*cb(cairo_t*cr)
{cairo_set_source_rgb(cr, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
cairo_rectangle(cr, 10, 20, 128, 128);
cairo_stroke(cr);
return cr;
}
then cb can be passed to this function:
cairo_t*cai(SDL_Window*w,SDL_Renderer*r,cairo_t*(*f)(cairo_t*))
{int width, height, pitch;void *pixels;
SDL_GetWindowSize(w, &width, &height);
SDL_Texture*t=SDL_CreateTexture(r,SDL_PIXELFORMAT_ARGB8888,SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING,width,height);
SDL_LockTexture(t, NULL, &pixels, &pitch);
cairo_surface_t *cs=cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(pixels,CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,width,height,pitch);
cairo_t*s=cairo_create(cs);
cairo_t*fr=f(s);SDL_UnlockTexture(t);SDL_RenderCopy(r,t,NULL,NULL);SDL_RenderPresent(r);
return fr;
}

If you want to do a circle or ellipse without 3rd party libraries, include math.h and use the function below I wrote. It will draw aliased ellipse or circles very well. Tested on SDL 2.0.2 and works. It draws one quadrant arc, and mirrors the other arcs, reducing calls to cosf and sinf.
//draw one quadrant arc, and mirror the other 4 quadrants
void sdl_ellipse(SDL_Renderer* r, int x0, int y0, int radiusX, int radiusY)
{
float pi = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510;
float pih = pi / 2.0; //half of pi
//drew 28 lines with 4x4 circle with precision of 150 0ms
//drew 132 lines with 25x14 circle with precision of 150 0ms
//drew 152 lines with 100x50 circle with precision of 150 3ms
const int prec = 27; // precision value; value of 1 will draw a diamond, 27 makes pretty smooth circles.
float theta = 0; // angle that will be increased each loop
//starting point
int x = (float)radiusX * cos(theta);//start point
int y = (float)radiusY * sin(theta);//start point
int x1 = x;
int y1 = y;
//repeat until theta >= 90;
float step = pih/(float)prec; // amount to add to theta each time (degrees)
for(theta=step; theta <= pih; theta+=step)//step through only a 90 arc (1 quadrant)
{
//get new point location
x1 = (float)radiusX * cosf(theta) + 0.5; //new point (+.5 is a quick rounding method)
y1 = (float)radiusY * sinf(theta) + 0.5; //new point (+.5 is a quick rounding method)
//draw line from previous point to new point, ONLY if point incremented
if( (x != x1) || (y != y1) )//only draw if coordinate changed
{
SDL_RenderDrawLine(r, x0 + x, y0 - y, x0 + x1, y0 - y1 );//quadrant TR
SDL_RenderDrawLine(r, x0 - x, y0 - y, x0 - x1, y0 - y1 );//quadrant TL
SDL_RenderDrawLine(r, x0 - x, y0 + y, x0 - x1, y0 + y1 );//quadrant BL
SDL_RenderDrawLine(r, x0 + x, y0 + y, x0 + x1, y0 + y1 );//quadrant BR
}
//save previous points
x = x1;//save new previous point
y = y1;//save new previous point
}
//arc did not finish because of rounding, so finish the arc
if(x!=0)
{
x=0;
SDL_RenderDrawLine(r, x0 + x, y0 - y, x0 + x1, y0 - y1 );//quadrant TR
SDL_RenderDrawLine(r, x0 - x, y0 - y, x0 - x1, y0 - y1 );//quadrant TL
SDL_RenderDrawLine(r, x0 - x, y0 + y, x0 - x1, y0 + y1 );//quadrant BL
SDL_RenderDrawLine(r, x0 + x, y0 + y, x0 + x1, y0 + y1 );//quadrant BR
}
}

My answer extends Scotty Stephens answer by making it a bunch more performant by reducing the API calls to a single one.
// rounding helper, simplified version of the function I use
int roundUpToMultipleOfEight( int v )
{
return (v + (8 - 1)) & -8;
}
void DrawCircle( SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Point center, int radius )
{
// 35 / 49 is a slightly biased approximation of 1/sqrt(2)
const int arrSize = roundUpToMultipleOfEight( radius * 8 * 35 / 49 );
SDL_Point points[arrSize];
int drawCount = 0;
const int32_t diameter = (radius * 2);
int32_t x = (radius - 1);
int32_t y = 0;
int32_t tx = 1;
int32_t ty = 1;
int32_t error = (tx - diameter);
while( x >= y )
{
// Each of the following renders an octant of the circle
points[drawCount+0] = { center.x + x, center.y - y };
points[drawCount+1] = { center.x + x, center.y + y };
points[drawCount+2] = { center.x - x, center.y - y };
points[drawCount+3] = { center.x - x, center.y + y };
points[drawCount+4] = { center.x + y, center.y - x };
points[drawCount+5] = { center.x + y, center.y + x };
points[drawCount+6] = { center.x - y, center.y - x };
points[drawCount+7] = { center.x - y, center.y + x };
drawCount += 8;
if( error <= 0 )
{
++y;
error += ty;
ty += 2;
}
if( error > 0 )
{
--x;
tx += 2;
error += (tx - diameter);
}
}
SDL_RenderDrawPoints( renderer, points, drawCount );
}
A circle of radius 141 would have had 800 SDL_RenderDrawPoint calls in Scottys version, this new version does only execute one single SDL_RenderDrawPoints call, making it much more performant.
One could also strip the rendering portion out of this function, to allow the result to be cached and reused like shown below.
std::vector<SDL_Point> PixelizeCircle( SDL_Point center, int radius )
{
std::vector<SDL_Point> points;
// 35 / 49 is a slightly biased approximation of 1/sqrt(2)
const int arrSize = roundUpToMultipleOfEight( radius * 8 * 35 / 49 );
points.reserve( arrSize );
const int32_t diameter = (radius * 2);
int32_t x = (radius - 1);
int32_t y = 0;
int32_t tx = 1;
int32_t ty = 1;
int32_t error = (tx - diameter);
while( x >= y )
{
// Each of the following renders an octant of the circle
points.push_back( { center.x + x, center.y - y } );
points.push_back( { center.x + x, center.y + y } );
points.push_back( { center.x - x, center.y - y } );
points.push_back( { center.x - x, center.y + y } );
points.push_back( { center.x + y, center.y - x } );
points.push_back( { center.x + y, center.y + x } );
points.push_back( { center.x - y, center.y - x } );
points.push_back( { center.x - y, center.y + x } );
if( error <= 0 )
{
++y;
error += ty;
ty += 2;
}
if( error > 0 )
{
--x;
tx += 2;
error += (tx - diameter);
}
}
return points; // RVO FTW
}
int main()
{
std::vector<SDL_Point> circle = PixelizeCircle( SDL_Point{ 84, 72 }, 79 );
//...
while( true )
{
//...
SDL_RenderDrawPoints( renderer, circle.data(), circle.size() );
//...
}
}

Related

How to rotate mapping of 2D controller [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
Can a local variable's memory be accessed outside its scope?
(20 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
I would like to rotate the coordinate system of an Arduino Joystick controller I purchased.
The plane covers an area of 1024x1024 units and I would like redefine dynamically the orientation of the device.
This is what I've done so far:
void loop() {
int x = analogRead(X_pin);
int y = analogRead(Y_pin);
int center = 512;
float *transformed;
transformed = rotate(
float(x), float(y),
float(center), float(center)
PI/2.0
);
int tx = int(*transformed);
int ty = int(*(transformed+1));
Serial.print(tx);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(ty);
}
float *rotate(float x, float y, float cx, float cy, float angle) {
float out[] = {
cx + (x - cx) * cos(angle) - (y - cy) * sin(angle),
cy + (x - cx) * sin(angle) + (y - cy) * cos(angle)
};
return out;
}
Unfortunately all I'm getting is 0,0.
Is there something wrong with the way I'm using pointers ?
return out - in this line, you're returning a local array from rotate. It has automatic storage duration and ceases to exist after rotate returns, and so by attempting to access it in loop you invoke undefined behavior.
Instead, pass an array to be populated as an argument to rotate:
float transformed[2];
rotate(
float(x), float(y),
float(center), float(center)
PI/2.0, transformed
);
...
void rotate(float x, float y, float cx, float cy, float angle, float* out) {
out[0]=cx + (x - cx) * cos(angle) - (y - cy) * sin(angle);
out[1]=cy + (x - cx) * sin(angle) + (y - cy) * cos(angle);
}
Because transformed is allocated inside loop, it's still available to you after the call to rotate.
void loop() {
int x = analogRead(X_pin);
int y = analogRead(Y_pin);
int center = 512;
float *transformed;
transformed = rotate(
float(x), float(y),
float(center), float(center)
PI/2.0
);
int tx = int(*transformed);
int ty = int(*(transformed+1));
Serial.print(tx);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(ty);
}
float *rotate(float x, float y, float cx, float cy, float angle) {
float out[] = {
cx + (x - cx) * cos(angle) - (y - cy) * sin(angle),
cy + (x - cx) * sin(angle) + (y - cy) * cos(angle)
};
return out;//you return a local pointer so make memory problem
}
I suggest like below using global variable
float out[2];//this declare before loop() and setup()
void loop() {
int x = analogRead(X_pin);
int y = analogRead(Y_pin);
int center = 512;
rotate(
float(x), float(y),
float(center), float(center)
PI/2.0
);
int tx = int(out[0]);
int ty = int(out[1]);
Serial.print(tx);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(ty);
}
void rotate(float x, float y, float cx, float cy, float angle) {
out[0]=cx + (x - cx) * cos(angle) - (y - cy) * sin(angle);
out[1]=cy + (x - cx) * sin(angle) + (y - cy) * cos(angle);
}

Drawing a diagonal semicircle in OpenGL

I'm trying to draw a diagonal semicircle. So far I've only been able to draw ones that begin and end on a horizontal or vertical axis, like this:
I've tried modifying the code to tilt the circle, but it doesn't work. Can someone please tell me where I've gone wrong, this is infuriating!
float theta, tanTheta, x, y, dx, dy;
int circle_points = 1000, radius = 70;
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
for(int i = 0; i < circle_points; i++)
{
dx = pts[1].x - pts[0].x;
dy = pts[1].y - pts[0].y;
tanTheta = tan(dy / dx);
// get the inverse
theta = atan(tanTheta);
x = radius * cos(theta);
y = radius * sin(theta);
glVertex2f(x, y);
}
glEnd();
I recommend to calculate the angle to the start point and the angle to the end point by atan2.
Interpolate the angle between the start angle and the end angle and draw a line along the corresponding points on the circe:
float ang_start, ang_end, theta, x, y;
ang_start = atan2( pts[0].y, pts[0].x );
ang_end = atan2( pts[1].y, pts[1].x );
if ( ang_start > ang_end )
ang_start -= 2.0f * M_PI;
glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
for(int i = 0; i <= circle_points; i++)
{
float w = (float)i / (float)circle_points;
float theta = ang_start + w * ( ang_end - ang_start );
x = radius * cos(theta);
y = radius * sin(theta);
glVertex2f(x, y);
}
glEnd();

C Mid Point Circle Algorithm Split Circle Into 4

In my program I am currently rendering circles using the Midpoint Circle Algorithm with the following code.
void drawcircle(int x0, int y0, int radius)
{
int x = radius-1;
int y = 0;
int dx = 1;
int dy = 1;
int err = dx - (radius << 1);
while (x >= y)
{
putpixel(x0 + x, y0 + y);
putpixel(x0 + y, y0 + x);
putpixel(x0 - y, y0 + x);
putpixel(x0 - x, y0 + y);
putpixel(x0 - x, y0 - y);
putpixel(x0 - y, y0 - x);
putpixel(x0 + y, y0 - x);
putpixel(x0 + x, y0 - y);
if (err <= 0)
{
y++;
err += dy;
dy += 2;
}
if (err > 0)
{
x--;
dx += 2;
err += (-radius << 1) + dx;
}
}
}
But my question is, is it possible to have this function work the same way, but split the circle into 4 separate sections? i.e. so rather than rendering a normal circle, it would look somewhat like this
Putting holes in circles
The implementation you had had some overlapping pixels where the 8 subsections meet. Also the circle was the wrong diameter (should always be even because radius * 2) the cause of some of the overlap.
To fix the size and remove the overlap I move half the circle out (to the right down) by one pixel and prevented half the last iteration pixels being rendered.
Also the statement if(err <= 0) is not needed as at that point err will always meet that condition. The y offset steps up 1 pixel each iteration, the err is to find when x needs to step.
Easy solution
With that the solution to your question regarding putting holes in the circle. You just need a counter to count down the number of pixels you want to skip. While that counter is > 0 don't draw any pixels.
I added it to the snippet below as a 4th argument hole. An int that is half the size of the hole at the top, bottom, left and right of the circle.
So if you want a 20 pixel hole then the last argument is 10.
See right circles in image below.
Limit and geek stuff
Note that the max size of hole is sin(PI / 4) * radius if you make it bigger, no pixels will be drawn. As a side note the number of pixel drawn (without the holes) is approx sin(PI / 4) * radius * 8 - 4 which is almost 10% less than the circumference.
Solution for answer
void drawcircle(int x0, int y0, int radius, int hole) {
int x = radius-1;
int y = 0;
int dx = 1;
int dy = 1;
int err = dx - (radius << 1);
int x1 = x0 + 1;
int y1 = x0 + 1;
while (x >= y) {
if(hole == 0){
putpixel(x1 + x, y1 + y);
putpixel(x0 - x, y0 - y);
putpixel(x0 - y, y1 + x);
putpixel(x1 + x, y0 - y);
if (x > y) {
putpixel(x1 + y, y1 + x);
putpixel(x0 - x, y1 + y);
putpixel(x0 - y, y0 - x);
putpixel(x1 + y, y0 - x);
}
} else {
hole--;
}
y++;
err += dy;
dy += 2;
if (err > 0) {
x--;
dx += 2;
err += (-radius << 1) + dx;
}
}
}
Also as I geeked out on this function as it makes some good high performance shapes like rounded cross and boxes with only very minor changes that I thought worth sharing. See image
To get other shapes...
Add back the y err test and then change the delta X, and delta y error change to values other than 2.
if(err <= 0){ // needed
y++;
err += dy;
dy += 8; << change this
}
if (err > 0) {
x--;
dx += 8; << change this
err += (-radius << 1) + dx;
}
// See image in answer
// 8 made bottom right cross,
// 18 top right
// 28 top left
// 0.8 bottom left
The image shows the shapes and the result of the holes

c draw function not drawing properly

I'm trying to write a program that writes a digital car speedo onto an LCD screen (ST7735) with a Tiva C (Tm4C123GXL). The attached code is the draw line function that should draw a straight line between the two distances. if I put in (speed_x1, speed_y1, 80, 60, ST7735_WHITE) into the function, up until 45 degrees, the line drawn is horizontal, not angled like it should be. After 45 degrees up until 90, the drawing is fine, then after 90 it breaks again.
speed_x1 = 80 - 55 * cos((PI / 180) * (speed * 1.8))
speed_y1 = 60 - 55 * sin((PI / 180) * (speed * 1.8))
(I want the speedo to max out at 100, hence speed * 1.8 is 1.8 degress/km/hr)
Any help in solving my problem here would be greatly appreciated. Thanks :)
void ST7735_DrawLine(short x1, short y1, short x2, short y2, unsigned short color) {
// unsigned char hi = color >> 8, lo = color;
//int x=x1;
//int y=y1;
int dy = y2 - y1;
int dx = x2 - x1;
double m = dy / dx;
double c = y1 - m * x1;
if ((x1 >= _width) || (y1 >= _height) || (x2 >= _width) || (y2 >= _height) ) return;
setAddrWindow(x1, y1, x1 + x2 - 1, y2);
while(x1 <= x2)
{
if (m <= 1)
{
x1 = x1 + 1;
y1 = m * x1 + c;
ST7735_DrawPixel(x1,y1,color);
}
else
{
y1 = y1 + 1;
x1 = (y1 - c) / m;
ST7735_DrawPixel(x1,y1,color);
}
}
}
void ST7735_DrawPixel(short x, short y, unsigned short color) {
if ((x < 0) || (x >= _width) || (y < 0) || (y >= _height))
return;
setAddrWindow(x,y,x+1,y+1);
pushColor(color);
}
Typecast problem. M results in 0 when dy/dx is below one. Typecast them to floats to get a float as a result.
If that would be a bresenham line drawing algorithm note that it only works within 45 deg. (Always wonder why ppl not even have a look at WP first.)
Not sure, but as your surname has a german origin: you will also find this in german on WP.
For other angles you would have to swap/reorder coordinates. It might even be better to have seperate drawing algorithms for hor/vert and diagonal lines, if performance is an issue (but as you use double, it is obviously none at all).

opengl: how to keep objects in window when it's resized

I'm working a MS paint-like application on OpenGL using Bresenham's midpoint algorithm as homework. So far I can draw lines and ellipses. I lose them all when resizing the window. How can I keep them drawn?
Full code:
#include "GL/glut.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int i;
//int mainWindow, subWindow;
int X1, Y1, X2, Y2;
int modoDeDibujo;
int W = 1000, H = 1000;
/*void menuApp (int value)
{
if (value == 1) printf("Linea\n");
if (value == 2) printf("Circulo\n");
if (value == 3) printf("Elipsis\n");
if (value == 4) exit(0);
}
void crearMenu()
{
//inicio Creando el menu
int submenu;
submenu = glutCreateMenu(menuApp);
glutAddMenuEntry("Linea", 1);
glutAddMenuEntry("Elipse",3);
glutAddMenuEntry("Salir",4);
glutCreateMenu(menuApp);
glutAddSubMenu("SubMenu", submenu);
glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);
//fin Creando el menu
}*/
void renderPoint(void) /*REVISAR ESTO*/
{
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glBegin (GL_POINTS);
glVertex2f (-0.98, 0.98);
glEnd ();
glFlush ();
}
void renderPoint(double x, double y)
{
//printf("BEFORE TRANSFORM %f\t%f\t# renderPoint\n", x, y);
W = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_WIDTH);
H = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_HEIGHT);
float X;
float Y;
glBegin (GL_POINTS);
X = (2*x/W) - 1;
Y = (-2*y/H) + 1;
glVertex2f (X, Y);
//printf("TRANSFORMED POINT %f\t%f\t# renderPoint\n", X, Y);
glEnd ();
glFlush ();
}
/*wiki pseudo:
function line(x0, x1, y0, y1) //x1
boolean steep := abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0)//x2
if steep then//x3
swap(x0, y0) //x4
swap(x1, y1) //x5
if x0 > x1 then //x6
swap(x0, x1) //x7
swap(y0, y1) //x8
int deltax := x1 - x0 //x9
int deltay := abs(y1 - y0) //x10
int error := deltax / 2 //x11
int ystep //x12
int y := y0 //x13
if y0 < y1 then ystep := 1 else ystep := -1 //x14
for x from x0 to x1 //x15
if steep then plot(y,x) else plot(x,y) //x16
error := error - deltay //x17
if error < 0 then //x18
y := y + ystep //x19
error := error + deltax //x20
*/
void bresenham1(GLint x0, GLint x1, GLint y0, GLint y1) //function line(x0, x1, y0, y1)
{
//double result1 = fabs((double)y1 - y0); //abs(y1 - y0)
//double result2 = fabs((double)x1 - x0); //abs(x1 - x0)
int result1 = abs(y1-y0);
int result2 = abs(x1-x0);
bool steep = (result1 > result2); //boolean steep := abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0)
if (steep){ //if steep then
GLint aux1 = x0; //swap(x0, y0)
x0=y0;
y0 = aux1;
GLint aux2 = x1; // swap (x1,y1)
x1=y1;
y1=aux2;
}
if(x0>x1){ // if (x0>x1)
GLint aux3=x0; //swap(x0,x1)
x0=x1;
x1=aux3;
GLint aux4=y0;//swap(y0,y1)
y0=y1;
y1=aux4;
}
int deltax = x1-x0; // deltax = x1-x0
int deltay = abs(y1-y0); // int deltay := abs(y1 - y0) - revisar
int error = (deltax / 2); //int error := deltax / 2
int ystep; // int ystep
int y = y0; //int y := y0
if (y0<y1){ //if y0 < y1 then ystep := 1 else ystep := -1
ystep=1;
}
else {ystep=-1;}
for (int x=x0; x<=x1; x++){ //for x from x0 to x1
if (steep){ // if steep then plot(y,x) else plot(x,y)
renderPoint(y,x);
}
else {
renderPoint(x,y);
}
error = error - deltay; //error := error - deltay
if (error<0) { //if error < 0 then
y = y + ystep; // y := y + ystep
error = error + deltax; //error := error + deltax
} // end if (error<0)
}// end for from x0 to x1
}// end bresenham
void Plot4EllipsePoints(int X, int Y,int CX,int CY){
renderPoint(CX+X, CY+Y); //point in quadrant 1
renderPoint(CX-X, CY+Y); // point in quadrant 2
renderPoint(CX-X, CY-Y); // point in quadrant 3
renderPoint(CX+X, CY-Y); // point in quadrant 4
}
void PlotEllipse (int CX, int CY, int XRadius, int YRadius) {
int X, Y;
int XChange, YChange;
int EllipseError;
int TwoASquare, TwoBSquare;
int StoppingX, StoppingY;
TwoASquare = 2 * XRadius * XRadius;
TwoBSquare = 2 * YRadius * YRadius;
X = XRadius;
Y =0;
XChange = YRadius*YRadius*(1-(2*XRadius));
YChange = XRadius * XRadius;
EllipseError =0;
StoppingX = TwoBSquare*XRadius;
StoppingY = 0;
while(StoppingX >= StoppingY){
Plot4EllipsePoints(X,Y,CX,CY);
Y++;
StoppingY=StoppingY + TwoASquare;
EllipseError= EllipseError+ YChange;
YChange= YChange+ TwoASquare;
if( ((2*EllipseError) + XChange)>0)
{
X--;
StoppingX = StoppingX - TwoBSquare;
EllipseError= EllipseError + XChange;
XChange = XChange + TwoBSquare;
}
}
//1st set of points done, start second set
X=0;
Y= YRadius;
XChange= YRadius*YRadius;
YChange = XRadius*XRadius*(1-2*YRadius);
EllipseError=0;
StoppingX =0;
StoppingY= TwoASquare * YRadius;
while(StoppingX <= StoppingY){ // 2nd set of points, y'<-1
Plot4EllipsePoints(X,Y, CX,CY);
X++;
StoppingX = StoppingX + TwoBSquare;
EllipseError = EllipseError + XChange;
XChange = XChange + TwoBSquare;
if (((2*EllipseError) + YChange)>0){
Y--;
StoppingY = StoppingY - TwoASquare;
EllipseError = EllipseError + YChange;
YChange = YChange + TwoASquare;
}
}
}
void renderAll (void)
{
/*glutSetWindow(mainWindow);
glutPostRedisplay();
glutSetWindow(subWindow);
glutPostRedisplay();*/
}
void movimiento(int boton, int estado, int x, int y)
{
if((estado == GLUT_DOWN) && (boton == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON))//mouse down
{
X1 = x; Y1 = y;
PlotEllipse (x, y, 200, 100);
renderPoint(x,y);
}
if((estado == GLUT_UP) && (boton == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON))//mouse up
{
//printf(" Up|x:%d, y:%d\n",x,y);
X2 = x; Y2 = y;
//renderLine();
bresenham1(X1,X2,Y1,Y2);
//PRUEBA USANDO LA PRIMITIVA DE OPENGL
glBegin( GL_LINES );
glEnd();
//renderPoint(x, y);
}
}
void MouseMove(int x, int y)
{
//printf("x:%d | y:%d\n", x,y);
X2 = x; Y2 = y;
//renderLine();
//bresenham1(X1, Y1, X2, Y2);
}
void teclado(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
if(key==1){
modoDeDibujo=1; // dibuja lineas
printf("Modo de dibujo: linea");
}
if (key==2){
modoDeDibujo=2; //dibuja elipses
}
if(key == 27)exit(0);
}
void especiales(int key, int x, int y)
{
if(key == GLUT_KEY_F1) exit(0);
}
static void
key(unsigned char k, int x, int y)
{
switch (k) {
case 27: /* Escape */
exit(0);
break;
default:
return;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
int main (int argc, char *argv [])
{
i = 0;
//inicializa las operaciones de OpenGL/GLUT, db cr antes de usar funciones GLUT
glutInit (&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowPosition (100, 100);
glutInitWindowSize (W, H);
//Crea una ventana de Opengl
glutCreateWindow ("tarea");
glutDisplayFunc (renderPoint);
glutMouseFunc(movimiento);
glutKeyboardFunc(teclado);//teclas ASCII
glutSpecialFunc(especiales);//captura las teclas [f1..f12]
//glutPassiveMotionFunc(pasivo);
glutKeyboardFunc(key);
glutMotionFunc(MouseMove);
//crearMenu();
glutMainLoop ();
}
First of all , you need to arrange the code. You must have one and only one display function, that clears the buffer,calls the other draw-functions and flushes them to the screen ( or swaps the buffer if you are using a double buffer).
On resizing the window,GLUT will call the Display Function which is renderPoint() as you know :
glutDisplayFunc (renderPoint);
renderPoint clears the buffer before redrawing the "points" , for example :
void renderPoint(void) /*REVISAR ESTO*/
{
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glBegin (GL_POINTS);
glVertex2f (-0.98, 0.98);
glEnd ();
glFlush ();
}
Since the buffer has been cleared , all the points that are drawn outside the function renderPoint ( the points of circles, the points of lines .. ) has no meaning , because you did not call them from the "main display function which is renderPoint.
How to keep the points on the screen ?
You must store the points ( any point you want to draw ) in a buffer such as an array , a dynamic array, std::vector or anything else. in the display function , write a loop statement to visit each point and extract the x and y .. then draw them.
for example , instead of the above function , replace it with :
class MyPoint {
public:
float x;
float y;
MyPoint(float x, float y)
{
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
} };
#include <vector>
std::vector<MyPoint> testPoints;
void renderPoint(void) /*REVISAR ESTO*/ {
testPoints.push_back(MyPoint(-0.58,0.58));
testPoints.push_back(MyPoint(0.58,0.58));
testPoints.push_back(MyPoint(0.58,-0.58));
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glPointSize(2);
glBegin (GL_POINTS);
for(int i=0;i<testPoints.size();i++)
{
glVertex2f (testPoints[i].x, testPoints[i].y);
}
glEnd ();
glFlush ();
}
as you can see , by using a dynamic array such as (std::vector) to store the points and by using a for loop statement , we able to keep the three points visible.
what else ?
do the same method with other shapes , so that for each "mouse click " event , you may add or push_back two points represents a line end points in an array or std::vector called lineArray . in the display function , make a for loop statement to draw each line after extracting the two line points.
you should use glutReshapeFunc and glViewport to make sure that the viewport has the same dimenstions as the window after the resizing event. and I think that gluOrtho2d is more elegant than trying to mapping from Windows coordinates space to OpenGL coordinates space
arrange your code , so that you just use one display function.
Your program could be Something like this:
void drawTestPoints()
{
for(int i=0;i<length;i++)
{
renderPoint(pointsArray[i].x,pointsArray[i].y);// vector of points/(MyPoint)
}
}
void drawLines()
{
for(int i=0;i<length;)
{
MyPoint startPoint = linesArray[i];
MyPoint endPoint = linesArray[i+1];
bresenham1(startPoint.x,endPoint.x,startPoint.y,endPoint.y);
i+=2;
}
}
void drawAll()
{
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
drawTestPoints();
drawLines();
drawOtherShapes();
glFlush();
}
.
.
.
// in the main func:
glutDisplayFunc (drawAll);
==
Don't think of it as "keeping them drawn". Think instead in terms of events and "when do I need to redraw my objects".
For this you will need to handle the resize event and rerun your drawing code. I'm also guessing that your objects might not redraw themselves after another application is moved over them, or if it is moved off screen a little and then brought back. If this is the case you'll need to figure out what events to handle that will cause a redraw as well.
Here is a quick example for windows :
http://www.falloutsoftware.com/tutorials/gl/gl2.htm

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