I work a lot with kernels because package them in my distro (Parabola), and sometimes some modifications make one single .c file fail to build. However I wanted to know if there's a way to test one of those single .c files to know if it will end up failing when building the whole kernel. For example, let's say that drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/bnx2x/bnx2x_main.c fails to build, so if I manually do:
$ gcc drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/bnx2x/bnx2x_main.c
it fails with:
drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/bnx2x/bnx2x_main.c:23:10: fatal error: linux/moduleparam.h: No such file or directory
23 | #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
most includes are under the includes dir, but idk how to make it work. Is it possible to do what I want? and how?
When gcc fails to build something, it should return a nonzero exit code. When it builds something successfully, it should return 0.
If you are doing this in the shell, you can check the exit code of the most recent command that was run; it lives in the $? variable. You could compare the exit code to 0, and if they don't match, then you can do whatever you want to do when there's an error, something like:
gcc somefile.c
if [ $? != 0 ]; then
# do whatever you want to do on errors
fi
If I understand the question correctly you want to know how to build a single .o file within the kernel tree. To do that just invoke make with that single .o file as target. Do this from the linux kernel source root directory.
For example:
$ make ./drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/bnx2x/bnx2x_main.o
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CALL scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh
DESCEND objtool
CC [M] drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/bnx2x/bnx2x_main.o
$
I'm on a Mac and in terminal I'm compiling my program
gcc -Wall -g -o example example.c
it compiles (there are no errors), but when I try to provide command line arguments
example 5 hello how are you
terminal responds with "-bash: example: command not found"
how am supposed to provide the arguments I want to provide after compiling?
Run it like this with path:
./example 5 hello how are you
Unless the directory where the example binary is part of the PATH variable, what you have won't work even if the binary you are running is in the current directory.
It is not a compilation issue, but an issue with your shell. The current directory is not in your PATH (look with echo $PATH and use which to find out how the shell uses it for some particular program, e.g. which gcc).
I suggest testing your program with an explicit file path for the program like
./example 5 hello how are you
You could perhaps edit your ~/.bashrc to add . at the end of your PATH. There are pro and conses (in particular some possible security issues if your current directory happens to be sometimes a "malicious" one like perhaps /tmp might be : bad guys might put there a gcc which is a symlink to /bin/rm so you need to add . at the end of your PATH if you do).
Don't forget to learn how to use a debugger (like gdb). This skill is essential when coding in C (or in C++). Perhaps consider also upgrading your gcc (Apple don"t like much its current GPLv3 license so don't distribute the recent one; try just gcc -v and notice that the latest released GCC is today 4.8.1).
./example 5 Hello how are you is the syntax you're looking for.
This article lends a good explanation as to why this is important.
Basically, when you hit Enter, the shell checks to see if the first set of characters is an absolute path. If it's not, it checks the PATH variable to find executables with the name of the command you are trying to run. If it's found, it will be run, but otherwise it will crash and burn and you will become very sad.
I'm trying to code to refresh my memory preparing myself for a course.
int main(){
int x;
for( x = 0;x < 10; x++){
printf("Hello world\n");
}
return 0;
}
But when I tried to run this I get Too few arguments
I compiled the code above using gcc -o repeat file.c Then to run this I just type repeat
Sorry if this was a stupid question, it has been a while since I took the introduction class.
When you type
filename
at a prompt, your OS searches the path. By default, Linux doesn't include the current directory in the path, so you end up running something like /bin/filename, which complains because it wants arguments. To find out what file you actually ran, try
which filename
To run the filename file gcc created in the working directory, use
./filename
Your code compiles fine. Try:
gcc -o helloworld file.c
./helloworld
UPDATE :
Based on more recent comments, the problem is that the executable is named repeat, and you're using csh or tcsh, so repeat is a built-in command.
Type ./repeat rather than repeat.
And when asking questions, don't omit details like that; copy-and-paste your source code, any commands you typed, and any messages you received.
The executable is named file, which is also a command.
To run your own program, type
./file
EDIT :
The above was an educated guess, based on the assumption that:
The actual compilation command was gcc file.c -o file or gcc -o file file.c; and
The predefined file command (man file for information) would produce that error message if you invoke it without arguments.
The question originally said that the compilation command was gcc file.c; now it says gcc -o filename file.c. (And the file command prints a different error message if you run it without arguments).
The correct way to do this is:
gcc file.c -o filename && ./filename
(I'd usually call the executable file to match the name of the source file, but you can do it either way.)
The gcc command, if it succeeds, gives you an executable file in your current directory named filename. The && says to execute the second command only if the first one succeeds (no point in trying to run your program if it didn't compile). ./filename explicitly says to run the filename executable that's in the current directory (.); otherwise it will search your $PATH for it.
If you get an error message Too few arguments, it's not coming from your program; you won't see that message unless something prints it explicitly. The explanation must be that you're running some other program. Perhaps there's already a command on your system called filename.
So try doing this:
gcc file.c -o filename && ./filename
and see what happens; it should run your program. If that works, try typing just
filename
and see what that does. If that doesn't run your program, then type
type -a filename
or
which filename
to see what you're actually executing.
And just to avoid situations like this, cultivate the habit of using ./whatever to execute a program in the current directory.
hello everyone
i try to debug a program, which have been installed by makefile.
it have a binary file of OpenDPI_demo.o and a shell shellscript OpenDPI_demo.
when i gdb OpenDPI_demo.o,i have a problem. i can't run it. the error is:
Starting program: /home/lx/ntop/test/opendpi/src/examples/OpenDPI_demo/OpenDPI_demo.o
/bin/bash: /home/lx/ntop/test/opendpi/src/examples/OpenDPI_demo/OpenDPI_demo.o：can't execute the binary file.
please tell me why. actually i can run the program by ./OpenDPI_demo.
thank you.
Based on the extension, the file is an object file. It is used by the linker (alongside other object files) to produce an executable. It's the real executable the one you want to run/debug.
This is another example of difficulties encountered with programs using libtool.
the file OpenDPI_demo alongside OpenDPI_demo.o is actually, as you said, a shell script which wraps the execution of the real compiled file, probably in .libs/OpenDPI_demo.
libtool needs this wrapper to adjust the runtime library paths and such so that you can execute the program transparently, as if it was actually installed on your system.
The way to correctly debug this application is not
/home/lx/ntop/test/opendpi $ gdb src/examples/OpenDPI_demo/.libs/OpenDPI_demo
but rather using libtool --mode=execute on the shell script, like the following (it's an example):
/home/lx/ntop/test/opendpi $ ./libtool --mode=execute gdb --args \
src/examples/OpenDPI_demo/OpenDPI_demo -f capture.pcap
Suggest you use
gdb OpenDPI_demo
instead
In your makefile if it depens on the object, make it depend on OpenDPI_demo, e.g.
Is there a way to compile and run a C program from VIM without typing its filename ?
:!gcc -o somename % && ./somename
When using :!, % will be substituted by the name of the currently opened file.
When your project becomes larger, you can also write a makefile and compile the current project with :make, if there are any errors, vim will jump to them automatically.
Use the following mapping code in your .vimrc file for compiling and running a c programming file.
map <F8> : !gcc % && ./a.out <CR>
F8 key is for run the mapping. "%" is to take the current file name.
Or, if you want to save the current file before compiling it, use
map <F8> :w <CR> :!gcc % && ./a.out <CR>
Or more ideally, if you want to use the file basename not the default 'a.out' as the executable file name, use the following:
map <F8> :w <CR> :!gcc % -o %< && ./%< <CR>
In the above command, "<" after "%" removes extension and dot (foo.c => foo), so "%<" is the file basename.
You can find this and similar infos in cmdline.txt. Command in vim:help: cmdline.txt. You can also find specific details about the use of "%" by using :help filename-modifiersin vim.
TL;DR No Makefile is required, tweaking &makeprg is also completely useless, and yet :make %< is enough to compile from Vim.
Long answer:
I duplicate an answer I gave in a closed "duplicate question".
Considering we are using vim, and not vi, :make is the way to go.
On Linux-like (it also applies to cygwin, but not to mingw on windows -- in mingw case, see the other answers that alter &makeprg, leave it alone otherwise) systems where gnumake is installed, if you don't have a Makefile in your project, and if your project is made of only one file, just type :make %<. It will be enough (you can play with $CXXFLAGS, $CFLAGS, $LDFLAGS (for -Llib/path options) and $LDLIBS (for -llibname options) to tune the compilation options). Then to run the program, type :!./%<, or with latter versions of vim, run :terminal ./%<.
If your project is made of several files, then you'll need a Makefile to take advantage of :make.
If you manage your project with CMake, and if you compile your project in a directory (or several -> debug, release, ...) outside the sources tree, then the integration will require a plugin. AFAIK, I'm the only one to propose such a plugin: BuildToolsWrapper integrates the management of CMake (choice of the build directory, possibility to chose between the debug, or release, or whatever build directory). It has to be coupled with one of the local_vimrc plugin.
In all cases, calling directly the compiler from within (or outside) Vim with :!g++ -o %< % or whatever is what we used to do 15 years ago on vi. Vim has a wonderful feature: it can integrate (yes, like in IDE) the compiler. See :h quickfix. Navigating between errors directly from the editor is much easier than extracting one error line with our eyes, typing back the line number into the editor, going back to the shell to see what exactly was rejected, ... It may be enough in C, but In C++ when we are "trying to call an overload that doesn't exist", we can't work this way (switching back and forth between the editor and the shell).
Finally, if you want to compile on a single keystroke those mono-file projects, you can add in your .vimrc:
nnoremap <silent> <f7> :make %<<cr>
If you want to adapt automatically the compilation command depending of the kind of project mono-file pet project, or real world multi-file project, well, more wiring is needed, and this is what BTW does -- it reads various options to know what to do.
Last note: &makeprg is best left alone, at least not set to g++/gcc/clang/clang++/gfortran/... Because, every time you change your language, you'll have to change it (unless you use :setlocal). With the solution I recommend, if I want to use clang++ instead of g++, all I have to do is to set: :let $CXX='clang++' (or $CC in C), and then call :make %<. I can even define :let $CXXFLAGS='-std=c++11' to compile in C++11 -- the same variable will be used to turn warnings on, to use a sanitizer, etc.
It's 2018 now, vim 8 has released for 2 years and shipped with all the Linux distributions and Mac OS X. But a lot of vim tutorials are still teaching people something ten years ago.
You can compile your C++/Java programs in vim as convenience as Sublime Text or NotePad++ with some dedicated plugins for Vim 8 or NeoVim.
For example, the AsyncRun plugin will allow you run shell commands in background and read output from quickfix window in realtime.
See the screen capture.
Just like compiling programs in IDEs, the compilation errors will be matched by errorformat and be highlighted and become selectable. You can navigate errors in the quickfix window or continue editing while compiling.
Quick setup
Copy & paste the lines below to your vimrc:
Plug 'skywind3000/asyncrun.vim'
" open quickfix window automatically when AsyncRun is executed
" set the quickfix window 6 lines height.
let g:asyncrun_open = 6
" ring the bell to notify you job finished
let g:asyncrun_bell = 1
" F10 to toggle quickfix window
nnoremap <F10> :call asyncrun#quickfix_toggle(6)<cr>
When you input “:AsyncRun echo hello ” in the command line:
see the capture here
You will see the realtime command output in the open quickfix window.
Compile and run a single file
Compiling a single file with AsyncRun is much simpler than Sublime Text’s build system. We can setup F9 for this:
noremap <silent> <F9> :AsyncRun gcc -Wall -O2 "$(VIM_FILEPATH)" -o "$(VIM_FILEDIR)/$(VIM_FILENOEXT)" <cr>
The macros in $(..) form will be expanded as the real file name or directory, and then we will have F5 to run the executable:
noremap <silent> <F5> :AsyncRun -raw -cwd=$(VIM_FILEDIR) "$(VIM_FILEDIR)/$(VIM_FILENOEXT)" <cr>
The double quotation mark is used to handle path names containing spaces. The option -cwd=$(VIM_FILEDIR) means running the file in the file's directory. The absolute path name $(VIM_FILEDIR)/$(VIM_FILENOEXT) is used because linux needs a ./ prefix to running executables in current directory, but windows doesn't . Using the absolute path name of the binary file can handle this crossing platform issue.
Another option -raw means the output will not be matched by vim's errorformat, and will be displayed in quickfix as what it is. Now you can compile your file with F9, check the compilation errors in quickfix window and press F5 to run the binary.
Build C/C++ Projects
No matter what build tool you are using, make or cmake, project building means acting to a group of files. It requires locating the project root directory. AsyncRun uses a simple method called root markers to identify the project root. The Project Root is identified as the nearest ancestor directory of the current file which contains one of these directories or files:
let g:asyncrun_rootmarks = ['.svn', '.git', '.root', '_darcs']
If none of the parent directories contains these root markers, the directory of the current file is used as the project root. This enables us to use either <root> or $(VIM_ROOT) to represent the project root. and F7 can be setup to build the current project:
noremap <silent> <F7> :AsyncRun -cwd=<root> make <cr>
What if your current project is not in any git or subversion repository ? How to find out where is my project root ? The solution is very simple, just put an empty .root file in your project root, it will be located easily.
Let’s move on, setup F8 to run the current project:
noremap <silent> <F8> :AsyncRun -cwd=<root> -raw make run <cr>
The project will run in its root directory. Of course, you need define the run rule in your own makefile. then remap F6 to test:
noremap <silent> <F6> :AsyncRun -cwd=<root> -raw make test <cr>
If you are using cmake, F4 can be map to update your Makefile:
nnoremap <silent> <F4> :AsyncRun -cwd=<root> cmake . <cr>
Due to the implementation of c runtime, if the process is running is a non-tty environment, all the data in stdout will be buffered until process exits. So, there must be a fflush(stdout) after your printf statement if you want to see the real-time output. or you can close the stdout buffer at the beginning by
setbuf(stdout, NULL);
At the mean time, if you are writing C++ code, a std::endl can be appended to the end of std::cout. It can force flush the stdout buffer. If you are developing on windows, AsyncRun can open a new cmd window for the child process:
nnoremap <silent> <F5> :AsyncRun -cwd=$(VIM_FILEDIR) -mode=4 "$(VIM_FILEDIR)/$(VIM_FILENOEXT)" <cr>
nnoremap <silent> <F8> :AsyncRun -cwd=<root> -mode=4 make run <cr>
Using the option -mode=4 on windows will open a new prompt window to run the command, just like running command line programs in Visual Studio. Finally, we have these key mappings below:
F4: update Makefile with cmake.
F5: run the single file
F6: run project test
F7: build project
F8: run project
F9: compile the single file
F10: toggle quickfix window
It is more like build system in NotePad++ and GEdit. If you are using cmake heavily, you can write a simple shell script located in ~/.vim/script/build.sh to combine F4 and F7 together: it will update Makefile if CMakeList.txt has been changed, then exectute make.
Advanced usage
You can also define shell scripts in your dotfiles repository and execute the script with F3:
nnoremap <F3> :AsyncRun -cwd=<root> sh /path/to/your/dotfiles/script/build_advanced.sh <cr>
The following shell environment variables are defined by AsyncRun:
$VIM_FILEPATH - File name of current buffer with full path
$VIM_FILENAME - File name of current buffer without path
$VIM_FILEDIR - Full path of current buffer without the file name
$VIM_FILEEXT - File extension of current buffer
$VIM_FILENOEXT - File name of current buffer without path and extension
$VIM_CWD - Current directory
$VIM_RELDIR - File path relativize to current directory
$VIM_RELNAME - File name relativize to current directory
$VIM_ROOT - Project root directory
$VIM_CWORD - Current word under cursor
$VIM_CFILE - Current filename under cursor
$VIM_GUI - Is running under gui ?
$VIM_VERSION - Value of v:version
$VIM_COLUMNS - How many columns in vim's screen
$VIM_LINES - How many lines in vim's screen
$VIM_SVRNAME - Value of v:servername for +clientserver usage
All the above environment variables can be used in your build_advanced.sh. Using the external shell script file can do more complex work then a single command.
Grep symbols
Sometimes, If you don't have a well setup environment in you remote linux box, grep is the most cheap way to search symbol definition and references among sources. Now we will have F2 to search keyword under cursor:
if has('win32') || has('win64')
noremap <F2> :AsyncRun! -cwd=<root> grep -n -s -R <C-R><C-W> --include='*.h' --include='*.c*' '<root>' <cr>
else
noremap <F2> :AsyncRun! -cwd=<root> findstr /n /s /C:"<C-R><C-W>" "\%CD\%\*.h" "\%CD\%\*.c*" <cr>
endif
The above script will run grep or findstr in your project root directory, and find symbols in only .c, .cpp and .h files. Now we move around the cursor and press F2, the symbol references in current project will be displayed in the quickfix window immediately.
This simple keymap is enough for most time. And you can improve this script to support more file types or other grep tools in your vimrc .
That’s the practical way to build/run C/C++ projects in Vim 8 or NeoVim. Just like Sublime Text’s build system and NotePad++’s NppExec.
No more outdated vim tutorials again, try something new.
since most of the time you would use a Makefile, in addition to the given answers, I also like to see my results in a "cleared" screen:
map <F10> :w<CR> :!clear; make<CR> :!./%<<CR>
:w<CR> saves the file
:!clear; make<CR> clears the screen and runs make
:!./%<<CR> runs a program (%) without the extension (<)
Add this line in your vimrc file
nnoremap <silent> <F8> :!clear;gcc % -o % && ./%<CR>
Now you only have to press f8 key to compile and run your c program.
Just thought I would add this to these answers here. As has been mentioned, you can use the :make command in vim. What has not been mentioned yet, is that :make can invoke other programs, other than make.
:set makeprg=gcc\ %
Will cause :make to execute gcc with the % symbol replaced by the current file name.
You can then get fancy and do
:set makeprg=gcc\ %\ &&\ ./a.out
and simply typing :make will compile and execute your program. You can do this for other languages as well of course.
:set makeprg=cabal\ repl
:set makeprg=python\ %
After doing some research (including this very page), I made my mind to add this shortcut:
map <F9> :w<CR> :!gcc % -o %<.x -Wall -Wextra 2>errors.err; cat errors.err<CR>
You can also include -ansi -pedantic-errors if you will.
The errors.err file will help you with vi quickfix.
I looked through all of these solutions and I found that they didn't work (as far as I could tell) for the case of editing a file in a different directory -- I wrote some vimscript that does this in a kinda clunky way, but hopefully someone can find this useful:
let mycommand = ':!gcc % -o %< && echo "%<" && [ $(pwd) == "." ] && %< || ./%< '
nnoremap <silent> <F8> :execute mycommand <CR>
or if the commands above work for you in multiple directories feel free to just ignore this.
It may be worth adding that SingleCompile plugin offers that facility for C and other languages as stated by the author:
SingleCompile is a Vim plugin aimed at making it more convenient to
compile or run a single source file without leaving Vim. Consider this
situation: you have just written a small C source file for a tiny
test, but you have to write a Makefile to compile it, or exit Vim to
compile it, or compile it using "!gcc" without quickfix feature
because Vim's make command only use the "make" command? This plugin
will help you out.
Suggested mappings for F9 and F10:
nmap <F9> :SCCompile<cr>
nmap <F10> :SCCompileRun<cr>
I have created command to Run my c & cpp codes
:command Runcpp !clear;g++ % -o %:r && ./%:r<CR>
:command Runc !clear;gcc % -o %:r && ./%:r<CR>
Put above code in .vimrc file and run you code using command Runcpp & Runc
you Can easily compile and run your program from vim directly just go to normal mode and type
:!gcc yourProgramName.c
and then just simply write the following to run the program
:!gcc % | ./a.out
Add these three lines to your .vimrc file
au FileType c set makeprg=gcc\ %
au FileType cpp set makeprg=g++\ %
map <F7>:make && ./a.out<CR>
You can compile and run your program by pressing the F7 button.
I have the following in my vimrc:
autocmd filetype c nnoremap <F9> :w<CR> :!clear<CR> :!gcc % -o %< && %<<CR>
This will allow you to Compile/Run C with <F9> and clear console
You can also do the following:
autocmd filetype c nnoremap <F8> :w<CR> :!clear<CR> :!make && ./%<<CR>
This will allow you to Compile/Run C using Makefile with <F8> and clear console