I have been trying to run this model, written some decades ago by someone else. I've built the libraries, but when I try to actually run the program, I get the following error:
f77 -o mimics1.5 ../source/*.o trunk_hght_f.f
trunk_hght_f.f:
trunk_hght_func:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"MAIN__", referenced from:
-u command line option
(maybe you meant: _MAIN__)
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
I am on MacOSX 10.11, and which f77 gives /usr/local/bin/f77 and f77 -v gives back:
Cynthias-MacBook-Pro-2:input_dir cynthiag$ f77 -v
/usr/local/bin/f77 script based on f2c:
f2c (Fortran to C Translator) version 20100827.
Should f77 be in /usr/bin/instead?
ld seems to be the problem, so I followed instruction from HERE to try to solve it, but it looks like my XCode is up to date, that my libraries are built and linked (as far as I can tell), and I even reinstalled binutils to make sure ld was in teh right place, but no success.
which ld gives : /usr/bin/ld and ld -v gives:
Cynthias-MacBook-Pro-2:input_dir cynthiag$ ld -v
#(#)PROGRAM:ld PROJECT:ld64-264.3.102
configured to support archs: armv6 armv7 armv7s arm64 i386 x86_64 x86_64h armv6m armv7k armv7m armv7em (tvOS)
LTO support using: LLVM version 7.3.0
I am new to fortran, so I probably messed up when setting up f77, but I've been stuck on this problem for a few days now, so any help would be greatly appreciated!
In the end, it seem like the solution for me was just to use gfortran instead of f77. This involved carefully switching all the mentions to f77 in the model (i.e. in all the Makefiles) and replacing them by gfortran.
A clean install of the libraries was then necessary, since apparently a library compiled in f77 will not be compatible with gfortran.
Finally, the model was calling on some executable without ./ which caused the model to failed.
Unfortunately, I can't give an explanation as to why f77 was failing, but gfortran was a lot easier to set up than f77/f2c and worked great, so it's probably the way to go.
Related
I'm starting learning C, but I seem to have failed in installing my first library. I'm using a Mac.
I found a simple tutorial to get started: writing a program to generate cryptographic keys.
It uses the secp256k1 library.
I installed the library and copied the first couple of lines from the tutorial.
#include <secp256k1.h>
static secp256k1_context *ctx = NULL;
ctx = secp256k1_context_create(
SECP256K1_CONTEXT_SIGN | SECP256K1_CONTEXT_VERIFY);;
But when I make my C program, I get this error:
cc keyGen.c -o keyGen
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_secp256k1_context_create", referenced from:
_main in keyGen-50d772.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [keyGen] Error 1
Here's a breakdown of how I installed secp256k1.
$ ./autogen.sh
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make check
$ sudo make install
I get no errors with this. Only when I make the program.
I've found a threads with the same error, but I still can't seem to get it working. Perhaps it's different for Mac (they use Linux), but more likely it's because I haven't understood what it means. They speak very generally, I'm not sure I'm inputting the specific commands correctly.
The question I linked suggested to run ./configure --enable-module-recovery. I have also trying to install it using this, but it didn't work either.
The question then goes on to talk about defining paths and modifying CFLAGS and LDFLAGS, however, this for another program cgo. I can't work out what I need to modify, as this my own program it won't work in.
If anyone could give me some suggestions what I need to do that would be great.
I'm trying different C linear algebra libraries for my projects and now I want to learn BLAS (CBLAS). I am trying to follow the tutorial here. I realised that cblas is already built in the xcode and by adding the flag
gcc foo.c -framework Accelerate
or
gcc foo.c -lcblas
I can remove most of the errors I had before. however there is a final error which I can not find anywhere on the internet.
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_printVector", referenced from:
_main in blas1C-63e43d.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
I'm not sure where I'm making the mistake but there are a number of possibilities:
I need to instal BLAS/CBLAS from the netlib website. I actually tried to do this but I could manage to build the library from the source code! it would be great if somebody could make a Homebrew formula. then if the original CBLAS library installed then I need to learn about the gcc flags for compiling and how to link the libraries.
or there are syntax differences between the original CBLAS from netlib and the one built in the xcode and I need to change the code.
thanks for your help in advance.
P.S. I'm trying to compile the codes blas1C.c, blaio.c, blaio.h from the page I mentioned.
edit 1: oh my! I just realised that I have made a horrible mistake. the printVector function missing is not part of CBLAS but a function made by the author of the blog. the only thing I had to do was just to compile the blaio.c file as well. so the correct gcc command should be
gcc blas1C.c blaio.c -lcblas
or
gcc blac1C.c blaio.c -framework Accelerate
That function comes from the blasio.c in the website and declared in blasio.h
You need to build blasio and link to it
I am trying to compile apache2 with LLVM, to generate final binaries in LLVM IR.
I used flto option in compiling and linking and passed "also-emit-llvm" to the linker through clang.
It seems to work for most steps, however I had two concerns
1) Earlier I used LLVM 3.6, whose gold plugin doesn't accept also-emit-llvm, but has emit-llvm only, basically it will emit only elf or llvm. Which the Autotools build system doesn't like. The configure and make script want binaries, while I want llvm. Any solutions to this?
2) So I shifted to LLVM 3.5.2, the build process goes well, I can generate both httpd.bc and httpd elf binaries, but the linker doesn't want to link for modules (it was able to link for binaries)
Specifically, I get this error
`
/usr/share/apr-1.0/build/libtool --silent --mode=link /home/rbhatia/Desktop/llvm-newbuild/bin/clang -pthread -flto -o mod_authn_file.la -rpath /home/rbhatia/Desktop/httpd-2.4.12/llvm/modules -module -avoid-version mod_authn_file.lo
/usr/bin/ld: error: .libs/mod_authn_file.o:1:3: invalid chaenter code hereracter
/usr/bin/ld: error: .libs/mod_authn_file.o:1:3: syntax error, unexpected $end
/usr/bin/ld: error: .libs/mod_authn_file.o: not an object or archive
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
`
I can see that mod_authn_file.o is a valid LLVM IR file which I can disassemble with llvm-dis.
Also, just before this step, the linker is able to link httpd and httpd.bc
Any help on what the error is?
Take a look at
https://github.com/SRI-CSL/whole-program-llvm
we use this tool to build quite large projects into bitcode. Our
biggest so far was FreeBSD 10.0, so size is not usually an issue.
Our travis build check is actually
apache, as is our tutorial. Hope that helps.
I am new here. I recently installed plotutils-dev on my mac using fink, but when I try to compile a little program I have by doing
gcc -g -o atomos.o atomos.c -lplot
it says
ld: library not found for -lplot
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
I have searched the problem on the web with little success. The only thing I know is that when I type
dpkg -S libplot.dylib
it says
plotutils-dev: /sw/lib/libplot.dylib
which I believe it means I have installed libplot on my mac. So I don't know what is the problem. Any help is welcomed. I am a beginner so It would be nice if some guidelines are provided in a user-friendly way.
The linker can't find the libplot library. I'm not familiar with mac, but with gcc you can tell it the path to the library with the -L flag, e.g.:
gcc -g -o atomos.o atomos.c -lplot -L/sw/lib/
(I'm guessing at that path, but you can probably figure out the path to the library if that isn't right.)
Also, it's probably a typo in your question, but I changed it to -lplot (note extra -l). You want the -l to link with the plot library.
I am trying to use the function EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(NID_secp256k1) present in openssl. However, when I compile, I get the following error:
undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name", referenced from:
CKey::CKey() in bitcoin.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
I have been hinted that macos openssl is not compile with the ECC extensions. Is the problem? If so, how do I correct it?
If you're using the OpenSSL library that comes with MacOS SDK, then it should automatically have 64-bit support built in.
Looking at the first hit on Google, I'm wondering if you are just not including the correct library in your XCode project. Did you get -lcrypto into the project settings, or forget to add libCrypto.dylib to your list of libraries in the project?
On my SnowLeopard (10.6) machine, I see the symbols are defined in libCrypto:
[/usr/lib]:; nm -arch x86_64 libcrypto.0.9.8.dylib | egrep -i new_by_curve
00000000000a4ac0 T _EC_GROUP_new_by_curve_name
00000000000ab540 T _EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name