I have downloaded some very famous examples modules of linux kernel from http://examples.oreilly.com/9780596005900/
and tries to compile on my system.
My system info:
cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS"
uname -a
Linux user 3.13.0-32-generic #57~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 03:51:20 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
cd example/simple
make
Got error
make -C /lib/modules/3.13.0-32-generic/build M=/home/user/projects/self/examples/simple LDDINCDIR=/home/user/projects/self/examples/simple/../include modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic'
/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic/arch/x86/Makefile:98: stack protector enabled but no compiler support
/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic/arch/x86/Makefile:113: CONFIG_X86_X32 enabled but no binutils support
scripts/Makefile.build:49: *** CFLAGS was changed in "/home/user/projects/self/examples/simple/Makefile". Fix it to use ccflags-y. Stop.
make[1]: *** [_module_/home/user/projects/self/examples/simple] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic'
make: *** [default] Error 2
I came to know that now kernel build system does not allow to change CFLAGS outside of kernel so changes Makefile this way
-CFLAGS += $(DEBFLAGS) -I$(LDDINCDIR)
+ccflags-y += $(DEBFLAGS) -I$(LDDINCDIR)
Now again Make and get below error messages
make -C /lib/modules/3.13.0-32-generic/build M=/home/user/projects/self/examples/simple LDDINCDIR=/home/user/projects/self/examples/simple/../include modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic'
/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic/arch/x86/Makefile:98: stack protector enabled but no compiler support
/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic/arch/x86/Makefile:113: CONFIG_X86_X32 enabled but no binutils support
CC [M] /home/user/projects/self/examples/simple/simple.o
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-m64"
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-mno-mmx"
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-mno-sse"
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-mno-red-zone"
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-mcmodel=kernel"
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-maccumulate-outgoing-args"
make[2]: *** [/home/user/projects/self/examples/simple/simple.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [_module_/home/user/projects/self/examples/simple] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic'
make: *** [default] Error 2
earlier I have compiled these example succusfully on my 32 bit system but now i moved to 64 bit system and facing this errors. I have googled about these errors but nothing helped till yet.
Let me how can i solved this compilation errors.
If you have spaces in your the directory you're compiling from or in the directory that contains your kernel sources, try removing them and make again.
If you don't have spaces in your compile directory and you're still getting this error, your kernel compilation may be failing because its directory belongs to root and you're running as an unprivileged user. Try sudo make.
Related
I write the C program using MinGW on windows 10 with Clion IDE. I had everything working and compiled successfully multiple times before. Can't link the error with any action but now cmake test in Clion fails - "Test Cmake run finished with errors" and I can't compile. Cmake error:
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 9.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 9.2.0
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe -- broken
CMake Error at C:/Users/karol/AppData/Local/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/CLion/ch-0/193.6015.37/bin/cmake/win/share/cmake-3.15/Modules/CMakeTestCCompiler.cmake:60 (message):
The C compiler
"C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe"
is not able to compile a simple test program.
It fails with the following output:
Change Dir: C:/Users/karol/AppData/Local/Temp/cmake_check_environment/_build11621595605978509144/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command(s):C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/mingw32-make.exe cmTC_15aad/fast && C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/mingw32-make.exe -f CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_15aad.dir/build
mingw32-make.exe[1]: Entering directory 'C:/Users/karol/AppData/Local/Temp/cmake_check_environment/_build11621595605978509144/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_15aad.dir/testCCompiler.c.obj
C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\gcc.exe -o CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir\testCCompiler.c.obj -c C:\Users\karol\AppData\Local\Temp\cmake_check_environment\_build11621595605978509144\CMakeFiles\CMakeTmp\testCCompiler.c
Linking C executable cmTC_15aad.exe
C:\Users\karol\AppData\Local\JetBrains\Toolbox\apps\CLion\ch-0\193.6015.37\bin\cmake\win\bin\cmake.exe -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir\link.txt --verbose=1
C:\Users\karol\AppData\Local\JetBrains\Toolbox\apps\CLion\ch-0\193.6015.37\bin\cmake\win\bin\cmake.exe -E remove -f CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir/objects.a
C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\ar.exe cr CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir/objects.a #CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir\objects1.rsp
C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\gcc.exe -Wl,--whole-archive CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir/objects.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -o cmTC_15aad.exe -Wl,--out-implib,libcmTC_15aad.dll.a -Wl,--major-image-version,0,--minor-image-version,0 #CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir\linklibs.rsp
gcc.exe: fatal error: cannot execute 'ld': CreateProcess: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles\cmTC_15aad.dir\build.make:88: cmTC_15aad.exe] Error 1
mingw32-make.exe[1]: Leaving directory 'C:/Users/karol/AppData/Local/Temp/cmake_check_environment/_build11621595605978509144/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
mingw32-make.exe: *** [Makefile:120: cmTC_15aad/fast] Error 2
CMake will not be able to correctly generate this project.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:1 (project)
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "C:/Users/karol/AppData/Local/Temp/cmake_check_environment/_build11621595605978509144/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "C:/Users/karol/AppData/Local/Temp/cmake_check_environment/_build11621595605978509144/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
Error code: 1
I don't know what caused it. One thing I did around the time it broke is turn off avast cyber capture. But now I turned off avast antivirus completely and turned off "Check apps and files" option in Defender. The latter I did when Clion popped a notification saying "Windows Defender might be interrupting build speed". I also clicked "fix" in this Clion pop-up and it added project folders to exceptions. Clion notified me of it not immediately after the error but way later.
The directory "C:/Users/karol/AppData/Local/Temp/cmake_check_environment/" mentioned in the error report doesn't exist. I tried unchecking "read-only access" of AppData/Local/temp directory but Windows keeps putting it on. Between those changes and antivirus changes, I was restarting windows many times.
The error message i get when trying to compile:
C:\Users\karol\AppData\Local\JetBrains\Toolbox\apps\CLion\ch-0\193.6015.37\bin\cmake\win\bin\cmake.exe --build C:\Users\karol\Desktop\studia\wstep_do_C\final_project\cmake-build-debug --target final_project -- -j 2
[ 20%] Linking C executable final_project.exe
gcc.exe: fatal error: cannot execute 'ld': CreateProcess: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
mingw32-make.exe[3]: *** [CMakeFiles\final_project.dir\build.make:134: final_project.exe] Error 1
mingw32-make.exe[2]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:75: CMakeFiles/final_project.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:82: CMakeFiles/final_project.dir/rule] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe: *** [Makefile:117: final_project] Error 2
Many poeple experienced simmilar error caused by non-latin characters in path, not the case here. Also i don't suspect mingw installation as it used to work.
Clion toolchains settings
I am working on build a c library for android 5.1.1.
First I build a standalone toolchain by following the google ndk standalone toolchain guild.
<prebuilt_ndk_r12b_path>/build/tools/make-standalone-toolchain.sh --platform=android-22 --ndk-dir=<prebuilt_ndk_r12b_path> --install-dir=/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk --toolchain=x86_64-linux-android-4.9
After that, I exported CC, AR and RANLIB in ~/.bashrc
export ANDROID_NDK=/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk
SYSROOT=$ANDROID_NDK/sysroot
export CC="$ANDROID_NDK/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc-4.9.x --sysroot=$SYSROOT"
export AR="$ANDROID_NDK/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc-ar --sysroot=$SYSROOT"
export RANLIB="$ANDROID_NDK/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc-ranlib --sysroot=$SYSROOT"
But when I tried to compile by using cmake ... I had the following errors:
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.9.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.9.3
-- Check for working C compiler: /home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc
-- Check for working C compiler: /home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc -- broken
CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/CMakeTestCCompiler.cmake:61 (message):
The C compiler "/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc" is
not able to compile a simple test program.
It fails with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/r0ng/projects/relic/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command:"/usr/bin/make" "cmTC_8d7ca/fast"
/usr/bin/make -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_8d7ca.dir/build.make
CMakeFiles/cmTC_8d7ca.dir/build
make[1]: Entering directory
'/home/r0ng/projects/relic/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_8d7ca.dir/testCCompiler.c.o
/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc
--sysroot=/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk -o
CMakeFiles/cmTC_8d7ca.dir/testCCompiler.c.o -c
/home/r0ng/projects/relic/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/testCCompiler.c
Linking C executable cmTC_8d7ca
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmTC_8d7ca.dir/link.txt
--verbose=1
/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc
--sysroot=/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk
CMakeFiles/cmTC_8d7ca.dir/testCCompiler.c.o -o cmTC_8d7ca -rdynamic
/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9.x/../../../../arm-linux-androideabi/bin/ld:
error: cannot open crtbegin_dynamic.o: No such file or directory
/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9.x/../../../../arm-linux-androideabi/bin/ld:
error: cannot open crtend_android.o: No such file or directory
/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9.x/../../../../arm-linux-androideabi/bin/ld:
error: cannot find -lc
/home/r0ng/utilities/ndk/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9.x/../../../../arm-linux-androideabi/bin/ld:
error: cannot find -ldl
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles/cmTC_8d7ca.dir/build.make:97: recipe for target 'cmTC_8d7ca'
failed
make[1]: *** [cmTC_8d7ca] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory
'/home/r0ng/projects/relic/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Makefile:126: recipe for target 'cmTC_8d7ca/fast' failed
make: *** [cmTC_8d7ca/fast] Error 2
CMake will not be able to correctly generate this project.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:6 (project)
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/home/r0ng/projects/relic/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/home/r0ng/projects/relic/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
It seems that the compiler is unable to find "crtbegin_dynamic.o", "crtend_android.o", "libc" neither "libdl". But when I checked, those files are all in the folder $HOME/utilities/ndk/sysroot/usr/lib. And I already set the --sysroot in CC, AR and RANLIB.
Update 1 :
After changed the toolchain generation command based on Dan Albert's comment, The command cmake .. is able to be run successfully. But when I run make . I got following error:
arm-linux-androideabi-gcc-4.9.x: error: unrecognized command line option '-m64'
src/CMakeFiles/relic.dir/build.make:62: recipe for target 'src/CMakeFiles/relic.dir/relic_err.c.o' failed
make[2]: *** [src/CMakeFiles/relic.dir/relic_err.c.o] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:120: recipe for target 'src/CMakeFiles/relic.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [src/CMakeFiles/relic.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:138: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
Thanks,
Environment:
OS: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
gcc / g++: 4.9.3
AOSP: 5.1.1_r30
NDK: android-ndk-r12b
cmake: 3.5.1
If you want to use cmake, you don't need a standalone toolchain. Android Studio natively supports cmake now: http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/external-c-builds
NDK r13 (not released yet) will also ship a cmake toolchain file for using cmake directly (the method shown in https://stackoverflow.com/a/5099229/632035).
You shouldn't add --sysroot= explicitly. Standalone toolchain already knows about proper one.
While OpenSSL ver. 0.9.8za was already installed on my system (darwin64-x86_64-cc), I elected to install the latest version, 1.0.1j, using the instructions for UNIX systems, in the "INSTALL" file within the downloaded tarball. I chose to configure with the 64-bit option, './Configure darwin64-x86_64-cc', and then ran the makefile. So far, so good. After about a minute, as I was thinking the installation would be successful, the compiler displayed following error messages, after compilation terminated:
Compile command line: './Configure darwin64-x86_64-cc' (Openssl suggestion for 64-bit)
duplicate symbol _OPENSSL_cleanse in:
../libcrypto.a(mem_clr.o)
../libcrypto.a(x86_64cpuid.o)
ld: 1 duplicate symbol for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [link_app.] Error 1
make[1]: *** [openssl] Error 2
make: *** [build_apps] Error 1
The problem appears to originate in the linker, but then again, I'm still a command line novice.
So, given this error, what needs to be changed in order to fully compile OpenSSL 1.0.1j?
When the automatic configuration route was taken (./config), the following error is given:
cc -I.. -I../.. -I../modes -I../asn1 -I../evp -I../../include -DOPENSSL_THREADS -D_REENTRANT
DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -arch i386 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -DL_ENDIAN
DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_PART_WORDS -DOPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m
DSHA1_ASM -DSHA256_ASM -DSHA512_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DRMD160_ASM -DAES_ASM -DVPAES_ASM -DWHIRLPOOL_ASM
DGHASH_ASM -c -o obj_xref.o obj_xref.c
ar r ../../libcrypto.a o_names.o obj_dat.o obj_lib.o obj_err.o obj_xref.o
ar: ../../libcrypto.a is a fat file (use libtool(1) or lipo(1) and ar(1) on it)
ar: ../../libcrypto.a: Inappropriate file type or format
make[2]: *** [lib] Error 1
make[1]: *** [subdirs] Error 1
make: *** [build_crypto] Error 1
Update: The "PROBLEMS" documentation suggests changing two lines in the apps/Makefile and test/Makefile:
"LIBCRYPTO= -L.. -lcrypto"
"LIBSSL=-L -lssl"
to:
"LIBCRYPTO=../libcrypto.a"
"LIBSSL=../libssl.a"
Re-attempting make afterward, the same message was given.
My sincere thanks for the help and comments by jww, Jonathan L. and others gave/made. Should errors persist, I'll continue the search for the missing information and eventually post a solution.
I'm not sure what your problem is. Using XCode 6 (6.1.1, I believe) on Yosemite 10.10.1, I was able to get openssl-1.0.1j from OpenSSL.org and extract it. I then configured it with:
./Configure --prefix=/usr/openssl/openssl-1.0.1j darwin64-x86_64-cc zlib threads shared
With those, I was able to build, test and install without problem. That's pretty close to what you did; I simply have noted the presence of zlib (compression) and requested thread and shared library support — and specified a slightly out-of-the-way location to install it. (The top-level directory specified with --prefix existed but was empty.) I tried adding sctp to the configuration options, but no dice — an SCTP header is missing, so I didn't bother to try further.
I am trying to configure glibc-2.11.1 using gcc-4.6.1 for kernel 3.16. I am following steps given at http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Configuring-and-compiling.html when i am doing make after compiling some file it is giving
make -r PARALLELMFLAGS="" CVSOPTS="" -C ../glibc-2.11.1 objdir=`pwd` all
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/amar/Desktop/glib1/glibc-2.11.1'
make subdir=csu -C csu ..=../ subdir_lib
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/amar/Desktop/glib1/glibc-2.11.1/csu'
gcc /home/amar/Desktop/glib1/gnu/csu/crti.S -c -I../include -I/home/amar/Desktop/glib1/gnu/csu -I/home/amar/Desktop/glib1/gnu -I../sysdeps/i386/elf -I../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/i686 -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/i686 -I../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386 -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386 -I../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux -I../nptl/sysdeps/pthread -I../sysdeps/pthread -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux -I../sysdeps/gnu -I../sysdeps/unix/common -I../sysdeps/unix/mman -I../sysdeps/unix/inet -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/i386 -I../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv -I../sysdeps/unix/i386 -I../nptl/sysdeps/unix -I../sysdeps/unix -I../sysdeps/posix -I../sysdeps/i386/i686/fpu -I../nptl/sysdeps/i386/i686 -I../sysdeps/i386/i686 -I../sysdeps/i386/i486 -I../nptl/sysdeps/i386/i486 -I../sysdeps/i386/fpu -I../nptl/sysdeps/i386 -I../sysdeps/i386 -I../sysdeps/wordsize-32 -I../sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-96 -I../sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64 -I../sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32 -I../sysdeps/ieee754 -I../sysdeps/generic/elf -I../sysdeps/generic -I../nptl -I.. -I../libio -I. -D_LIBC_REENTRANT -include ../include/libc-symbols.h -DHAVE_INITFINI -DASSEMBLER -I/home/amar/Desktop/glib1/gnu/csu/. -DGAS_SYNTAX -g -Wa,--noexecstack -g0 -o /home/amar/Desktop/glib1/gnu/csu/crti.o
/tmp/ccEB9vct.s: Assembler messages:
/tmp/ccEB9vct.s: Error: open CFI at the end of file; missing .cfi_endproc directive
/tmp/ccEB9vct.s: Error: open CFI at the end of file; missing .cfi_endproc directive
make[2]: *** [/home/amar/Desktop/glib1/gnu/csu/crti.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/amar/Desktop/glib1/glibc-2.11.1/csu'
make[1]: *** [csu/subdir_lib] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/amar/Desktop/glib1/glibc-2.11.1'
make: *** [all] Error 2
Why is it so ? How I can rectify this error? Please help me. Thanks in advance
Why is it so ?
The file crti.S that is failing to build is generated by compiling csu/initfini.c, and then splitting the resulting initfini.s on "magic markers".
Unfortunately, this splitting is extremely dependent on the version of gcc that is used to generate initfini.s, and doesn't always work.
This entire mechanism has been eliminated in Feb 2012.
Your options are:
build a newer version of glibc (current is 2.19), or
build using older version of GCC (Google search shows many instances of gcc-4.6 causing this problem).
While compiling glibc 2.11, I get the following error. Any idea how to solve this.
In file included from ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/syslog.c:10:
../misc/syslog.c: In function ‘__vsyslog_chk’:
../misc/syslog.c:123: sorry, unimplemented: inlining failed in call to ‘syslog’: function body not available
../misc/syslog.c:155: sorry, unimplemented: called from here
make[2]: *** [/home/alice/Desktop/glib-build/misc/syslog.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/alice/Desktop/glibc-2.11/misc'
make[1]: *** [misc/subdir_lib] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/alice/Desktop/glibc-2.11'
make: *** [all] Error 2
Apparently, this is a known problem with building glibc on Ubuntu. In essence:
glibc does not build with _FORTIFY_SOURCE enabled, and Ubuntu compiles stuff with -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2.
You need to disable this by undefining _FORTIFY_SOURCE. i.e. append -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE to your CFLAGS.