how to create a string from an array of strings C - c

I am learning about arrays and was wondering if someone can help me out. I have an array of strings and need to create a new string which is a concatenation of all the array elements. The problem I'm having is I'm only able to print the first string in my array, not all of them. I understand there is a null at the end of each string in my array so how would I work around that issue? Maybe 2d array? By the way I'm not allowed to use any string manipulation functions from string.h. Thank you.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int findLength(char array[])
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; array[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
}
return i;
}
void arrayToString(char string[])
{
int n = 0;
int i = 0;
int l = findLength(string);
char *finalString;
finalString = malloc(l * sizeof(char));
for (i = 0; string[i] != '\0'; i++) {
finalString[n] = string[i];
n++;
}
for (i = 0; finalString[i] != '\0'; i++) {
printf("%c", finalString[i]);
}
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
char *color[] = { "red", "blue", "red" };
arrayToString(*color);
return 0;
}

Change your function arrayToString to have two arguments.one of type char ** and the second of type size_t defining the number of strings.Also let its return value to be char * to return a pointer to the allocated memory.finally don't forget to free this memory.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int findLength(char array[]) {
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; array[i] != '\0'; i++) {
}
return i;
}
char* arrayToString(char **string, size_t size) {
int bigSize = 0, len;
int i = 0, j, k;
for (j = 0; j < size; j++) {
bigSize += findLength(string[j]);
}
char *bigstring = (char *)malloc(bigSize + 1);
for (j = 0; j < size; j++) {
len = findLength(string[j]);
for (k = 0; k < len; k++) {
bigstring[i++] = string[j][k];
}
}
bigstring[i] = '\0';
return bigstring;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
char *color[] = { "red", "blue", "red" };
char *bigstring = arrayToString(color, 3);
printf("%s\n", bigstring);
free(bigstring);
return 0;
}

you have several problems in your code, here is the fixed version with comments:
size_t findLength(char* array[]) {
size_t l = 0;
while (char *t = *array++)
while (*t++)
l++;
return l;
}
void copyAll(char* array[], char* out) {
while (char *t = *array++)
while (*t)
*out++ = *t++; // copy every symbol from every line into out string
*out = '\0'; // append last null-terminator
}
void arrayToString(char* array[]) {
char* finalString = malloc((findLength(array) + 1) * sizeof(char)); // allocate + 1 symbol for null terminator
copyAll(array, finalString);
printf("%s", finalString);
free(finalString); // don't forget to release memory
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
char* color[] = { "red", "blue", "red", 0 }; // you should add array terminator as well
arrayToString(color);
return 0;
}

Related

Selection of unique characters

Please, help with the code.
Requirement:
Write a function my_union that takes two strings and returns, without doubles, the characters that appear in either one of the strings.
Example:
Input: "zpadinton" && "paqefwtdjetyiytjneytjoeyjnejeyj"
Output: "zpadintoqefwjy"
My code:
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char *my_union(char *a, char *b) {
char *str;
// Algorithm for excluding nonunique characters from string a(given in
// parameters).
str[0] = a[0];
int k = 1;
str[k] = '\0';
for (int i = 1; a[i] != '\0'; i++) {
bool is = true;
for (int j = 0; str[j] != '\0'; j++) {
if (str[j] == a[i]) {
is = false;
break;
}
}
if (is) {
str[k] = a[i];
k++;
str[k] = '\0';
}
} // In this case we are excluding excess character 'n' from "zpadinton", so
// str is equal to "zpadinto".
// Algorithm for adding unique characters from array b(given in parameters)
// into str.
for (int i = 0; b[i] != '\0'; i++) {
bool is = true;
for (int j = 0; str[j] != '\0'; j++) {
if (str[j] == b[i]) {
is = false;
break;
}
}
if (is) {
strncat(str, &b[i], 1);
}
}
return str;
}
The first algorithm is almost identical with second, but it doesn't work(. Mb I messed up with memory, give some advice, pls.
If you mean, get the unique characters from two strings and store them into a new string, try this code ;
First, you must allocate a memory for str. In your code, str is not pointing allocated memory location, so you will probably get segmentation fault.
int contains(const char * str,char c)
{
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(str); ++i)
if(str[i] == c)
return 1;
return 0;
}
char * my_union(char *a, char*b)
{
char * res = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*(strlen(a) + strlen(b)));
int pushed = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(a); ++i)
{
if(!contains(res,a[i])){
res[pushed] = a[i];
pushed++;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(b); ++i)
{
if(!contains(res,b[i])){
res[pushed] = b[i];
pushed++;
}
}
return res;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
char string1[9] = "abcdefgh";
char string2[9] = "abegzygj";
char * result = my_union(string1,string2);
printf("%s\n", result);
return 0;
}
Also, do not forget the free the return value of my_union after you done with it.

How to order split command line arguments in lexicographical order using a function?

I'm working on a program that takes command line arguments and splits them in half and then orders them in lexicographical order.
For example:
hello, world!
would turn into:
he
ld!
llo
wor
I have a main method that reads through the arguments, a function that splits the arguments, and finally a function that is supposed to order the halves in lexicographical order. I can't get this to run properly because of argument type errors in the lexicographicalSort method and an incompatible pointer type in the main method. I'm having issues to correct these syntax errors, how exactly would I correct them? Also, is there anything here that would cause logical errors? This is what I have so far:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int splitString(char arg[], int n)
{
int len = strlen(arg);
int len1 = len/2;
int len2 = len - len1; // Compensate for possible odd length
char *s1 = malloc(len1 + 1); // one for the null terminator
memcpy(s1, arg, len1);
s1[len1] = '\0';
char *s2 = malloc(len2 + 1); // one for the null terminator
memcpy(s2, arg + len1, len2);
s2[len2] = '\0';
printf("%s\n", s1);
printf("%s\n", s2);
free(s1);
free(s2);
return 0;
}
int lexicographicalSort(char *arg[], int n)
{
char temp[50];
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
scanf("%s[^\n]",arg[i]);
for(int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
for(int j = i + 1; j < n ; ++j)
{
if(strcmp(arg[i], arg[j]) > 0)
{
strcpy(temp, arg[i]);
strcpy(arg[i], arg[j]);
strcpy(arg[j], temp);
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
puts(arg[i]);
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc > 1)
{
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
{
int j = 1;
int k = strlen(argv[i]);
splitString(argv[i], j);
lexicographicalSort(argv[i], j);
}
}
}
Basic scheme is simple. Make an array of tuples {start_pointer, length}. Do some programming on args to split the args. Fill in the array as appropriate. Make sorting with qsort, or any other sort of your choise.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char *s = "hello, world! . hello.....";
char *pc;
int i, n, nargs;
struct pp{
char *p;
int l;
};
struct pp args[10], hargs[20];
struct pp *pargs;
int cmp(const void * v0, const void * v1) {
struct pp *pv0 = v0, *pv1 = v1;
return strncmp(pv0->p, pv1->p, pv0->l);
}
int main(void)
{
for(pc = s, i = 0; *pc; ++i){
sscanf(pc, "%*[^ ]%n", &n);
if(n > 0){
args[i].p = pc;
args[i].l = n;
}
for(pc += n, n = 0; isspace(*pc); ++pc);
}
for(nargs = i, i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
printf("%d arg is: %.*s\n", i, args[i].l, args[i].p);
putchar('\n');
for(i = 0, pargs = hargs; i < nargs; ++i){
if(args[i].l == 1){
pargs->p = args[i].p;
pargs->l = 1;
pargs = pargs + 1;
}else {
pargs->p = args[i].p;
pargs->l = args[i].l / 2;
pargs = pargs + 1;
pargs->p = args[i].p + args[i].l / 2;
pargs->l = args[i].l - args[i].l / 2;
pargs = pargs + 1;
}
}
putchar('\n');
for(nargs = pargs - hargs, i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
printf("%d arg is: %.*s\n", i, hargs[i].l, hargs[i].p);
qsort(hargs, nargs, sizeof(struct pp), cmp);
putchar('\n');
for(i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
printf("%d arg is: %.*s\n", i, hargs[i].l, hargs[i].p);
return 0;
}
https://rextester.com/GSH22767
Upon splitting a C string, one needs one extra char to store extra null-terminator. There is one answer that bypasses this by storing the length. For completeness, this is closer to your original intention: allocating enough space to copy the programmes arguments. It probably works slower, but one is free to use the strings elsewhere in the programme.
#include <stdlib.h> /* malloc free EXIT qsort */
#include <stdio.h> /* fprintf */
#include <string.h> /* strlen memcpy */
#include <errno.h> /* errno */
static int strcompare(const void *a, const void *b) {
const char *a_str = *(const char *const*)a, *b_str = *(const char *const*)b;
return strcmp(a_str, b_str);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
char *spacev = 0, **listv = 0;
size_t spacec = 0, listc = 0;
int is_done = 0;
do { /* "Try." */
int i;
char *sv;
size_t j;
/* This requires argc > 1. */
if(argc <= 1) { errno = EDOM; break; }
/* Allocate maximum space. */
for(i = 1; i < argc; i++) spacec += strlen(argv[i]) + 2;
if(!(spacev = malloc(spacec)) || !(listv = malloc(argc * 2))) break;
sv = spacev;
/* Copy and split the arguments. */
for(i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
const char *const word = argv[i];
const size_t word_len = strlen(word),
w0_len = word_len / 2, w1_len = word_len - w0_len;
if(w0_len) {
listv[listc++] = sv;
memcpy(sv, word, w0_len);
sv += w0_len;
*(sv++) = '\0';
}
if(w1_len) {
listv[listc++] = sv;
memcpy(sv, word + w0_len, w1_len);
sv += w1_len;
*(sv++) = '\0';
}
}
/* Sort. */
qsort(listv, listc, sizeof listv, &strcompare);
for(j = 0; j < listc; j++) printf("%s\n", listv[j]);
is_done = 1;
} while(0); if(!is_done) {
perror("split");
} {
free(spacev);
free(listv);
}
return is_done ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
}
It is simpler than your original; instead of allocating each string individually, it counts the maximum number of chars needed (plus two for two null terminators) and allocates the block all at once (space.) The pointers to the new list also need allocating, the maximum is 2 * argc. Once you copy and modify the argument list, one has an actual array of strings that one can qsort.

Reversing String in C for loop error

I have an array of strings and am trying to reverse each string in the array to see if that string is a palindrome. I am using a for loop to increment an int i (the index). However after the I call the reverse function, the value of i becomes some really large number and I cant figure out why this is happening.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void revString(char *dest, const char *source);
int main() {
const char *strs[] = {
"racecar",
"radar",
"hello",
"world"
};
int i;
char res[] = "";
for (i = 0; i < strlen(*strs); i++) {
printf("i is %d\n", i);
revString(&res[0], strs[i]); //reversing string
printf("i is now %d\n", i);
//comparing string and reversed string
if (strcmp(res, strs[i]) == 0) {
printf("Is a palindrome");
} else {
printf("Not a palindrome");
}
}
return 0;
}
void revString(char *dest, const char *source) {
printf("%s\n", source);
int len = strlen(source);
printf("%d\n", len);
const char *p;
char s;
for (p = (source + (len - 1)); p >= source; p--) {
s = *p;
*(dest) = s;
dest += 1;
}
*dest = '\0';
}
This is the output showing the value of i before and after the revString function is called.
i is 0
i is now 1667588961
Illegal instruction: 4
There are multiple problems in your code:
You pass a destination array char res[] = ""; that is much too small for the strings you want to reverse. It's size is 1. This causes buffer overflow, resulting in undefined behavior.
Use char res[20]; instead.
You enumerate the array of string with an incorrect upper bound. Use this instead:
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(strs) / sizeof(*strs); i++)
The termination test for the loop in revString() is incorrect too: decrementing p when is equal to source has undefined behavior, although it is unlikely to have an consequences. You can simplify this function this way:
void revString(char *dest, const char *source) {
size_t len = strlen(source);
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
dest[i] = source[len - i - 1];
}
dest[len] = '\0';
}
Here is the resulting code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void revString(char *dest, const char *source) {
size_t len = strlen(source);
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
dest[i] = source[len - i - 1];
}
dest[len] = '\0';
}
int main(void) {
const char *strs[] = { "racecar", "radar", "hello", "world" };
char res[20];
for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(strs) / sizeof(*strs); i++) {
revString(res, strs[i]);
//comparing string and reversed string
if (strcmp(res, strs[i]) == 0) {
printf("Is a palindrome\n");
} else {
printf("Not a palindrome\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
Here is Final Code with some change
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void revString(char* dest, const char* source);
int main(){
const char* strs[] = {
"racecar",
"radar",
"hello",
"world"
};
static int i;
char res[] = "";
int length = (int) sizeof(strs)/sizeof(char*);
for(i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
printf("i is %d\n", i);
revString(&res[0], strs[i]); //reversing string
printf("i is now %d\n", i);
//comparing string and reversed string
if(strcmp(res, strs[i]) == 0){
printf("Is a palindrome");
}else{
printf("Not a palindrome");
}
}
return 0;
}
void revString(char* dest, const char* source){
printf("%s\n", source);
int len = (int) strlen(source);
printf("%d\n", len);
const char* p;
char s;
for(p = (source + (len - 1)); p >= source; p--){
s = *p;
*(dest) = s;
dest += 1;
}
*dest = '\0';
}
Change 1 :-
int i; to static int i; (Reason:- i is local variable you are calling
function so when function call the value of i will remove and after
that it will assign garbage value.)
change 2 :-
strlen(*strs) to length of array (because strlen(*strs) will give the
length of first string)

Efficiently replace a substring in a string

I have made two functions that find a substring index and substitute that substring in the string. I'm glad I jury rigged this at all, given that similar questions previously asked were never answered/marked as closed without any help. Is there a cleaner method?
void destroy_substr(int index, int len)
{
int i;
for (i = index; i < len; i++)
{
string[i] = '~';
}
}
void find_substr_index(char* substr)
{
int i;
int j;
int k;
int count;
int len = strlen(substr);
for (i = 0; i < strlen(string); i++)
{
if (string[i] == substr[0])
{
for(j = i, k = 0; k < len; j++, k++)
{
if (string[j] == substr[k])
{
count++;
}
if (count == len)
destroy_substr((j - len + 1), len);
}
j = 0;
k = 0;
count = 0;
}
}
}
Your code seems like you're trying to re-inventing your own wheel.
By using standard C functions, which is strstr() and memset(), you can achieve the same result as you expected.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char string[] = "foobar foobar foobar";
char substr[] = "foo";
char replace = '~';
int main() {
int substr_size = strlen(substr);
// Make a copy of your `string` pointer.
// This is to ensure we can safely modify this pointer value, without 'touching' the original one.
char *ptr = string;
// while true (infinite loop)
while(1) {
// Find pointer to next substring
ptr = strstr(ptr, substr);
// If no substring found, then break from the loop
if(ptr == NULL) { break; }
// If found, then replace it with your character
memset(ptr, replace, substr_size);
// iIncrement our string pointer, pass replaced substring
ptr += substr_size;
}
printf("%s\n", string);
return 0;
}
How about this:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char string[] = "HELLO hello WORLD world HELLO hello ell";
char substring[] = "ell";
int stringLength = strlen(string);
int substringLength = strlen(substring);
printf("Before: %s\n", string);
if(substringLength <= stringLength)
{
int i;
int j;
for(i = 0, j = stringLength - substringLength + 1; i < j; )
{
if(memcmp(&string[i], substring, substringLength) == 0)
{
memset(&string[i], '~', substringLength);
i += substringLength;
}
else
{
i++;
}
}
}
printf("After: %s\n", string);
return 0;
}
Key ideas are:
You only need to scan the string (stringLength - substringLength) times
You can use functions from string.h to do the comparison and to replace the substring
You can copy the new string in place. If you want to support insertion of longer strings you will need to manage memory with malloc()/realloc(). If you want to support insertion of smaller strings you'll need to advance the pointer to the beginning by the length of the replacement string, copy the rest of the string to that new location, then zero the new end of the string.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *str = strdup("The fox jumps the dog\n");
char *search = "fox";
char *replace = "cat";
size_t replace_len = strlen(replace);
char *begin = strstr(str, search);
if (begin == NULL)
errx(1, "substring not found");
if (strlen(begin) < replace_len)
errx(1, "replacement too long");
printf("%s", str);
memcpy(begin, replace, replace_len);
printf("%s", str);
return 0;
}

C: strcmp error while finding longest repeated substring

I'm trying to create a program which returns the Longest repeated substring. I've almost got the solution, but for some reason my strcmp gives an error when he is busy to find the LRS. Could someone explain me why there is an error and how I solve this?
The code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define NSTRINGS 4
char* searchLongestRepeatedSubstring(char* string);
char** makeSuffixArray(char* string);
void freeSuffixArray(char** suffixArray);
int cmp(const void*a, const void* b);
/* do not change this code */
int main(void)
{
char* strings[NSTRINGS] = {
"bananas",
"ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country",
"main",
"" };
char* result;
for (int i = 0; i < NSTRINGS; ++i)
{
result = searchLongestRepeatedSubstring(strings[i]);
if (result != NULL)
{
/* write out LRS */
printf("%s: \"%s\"\n", strings[i], result);
/* free() the result */
free(result);
result = NULL;
}
else
printf("Geen longest repeated substring.\n");
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Finds the LRS from a string using the function makeSuffixArray
*
* #param the given string
* #return the longest repeated substring
*/
char* searchLongestRepeatedSubstring(char* string)
{
char **p;
p = makeSuffixArray(string);
size_t length = strlen(string);
int max_sz = 0;
char max_word;
int curr_sz = 0;
int curr_word;
char* word1;
char* word2;
char s1, s2;
size_t length1;
size_t length2;
for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
for (size_t j = i + 1; j < length; j++)
{
word1 = p[i];
word2 = p[j];
length1 = strlen(word1);
length2 = strlen(word1);
for (size_t x = 0; x < length1; x++)
{
s1 = word1[x];
for (size_t y = 0; y < length2; y++)
{
s2 = word2[y];
if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0) {
curr_sz++;
strcat(curr_word, s1);
x++;
}
else
break;
}
}
if (curr_sz > max_sz) {
max_sz = curr_sz;
curr_sz = 0;
max_word = curr_word;
curr_word = "";
}
else {
curr_sz = 0;
curr_word = "";
}
}
}
return max_word;
}
/**
* Creates the suffix array of the given string
*
* #param the given string
* #return the suffix array
*/
char** makeSuffixArray(char* string)
{
size_t length = strlen(string);
char **p = (char**)malloc(length * sizeof(char*));
for (size_t i = 0; i < strlen(string); i++)
{
p[i] = &string[i];
puts(p[i]);
}
qsort(p, length, sizeof(char*), cmp);
return p;
}
int cmp(const void* a, const void* b)
{
char ** p = (char**)a;
char ** t = (char**)b;
return strcmp(*p, *t);
}
/**
* free() the memory allocated for the suffix array
*
* #param the given suffix array
*/
void freeSuffixArray(char** suffixArray)
{
free(suffixArray);
}
In your function char* searchLongestRepeatedSubstring-
if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0) {
s1 and s2 are both char variables , and you pass them to strcmp which expects const char * as arguments , therefore, your compiler complaints .
You can compare them like this-
if(s1==s2)
Also this statement in same if block -
strcat(curr_word, s1);
instead you can do this -
size_t len=strlen(curr_word);
curr_word[len]=s1; // make sure curr_word is large enough
curr_word[len+1]='\0';

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