I have a simple structure as:
sample2Make$ ls
ADD DIV inc_print.h main.c makefile multiplication.o printer.o response.o subtraction.o addition.o division.o inc_resp.h main.o MUL printer.c response.c SUB
where ADD, DIV, SUB, MUL are subdirectories containing a source file for the operation and a header file. The makefile is:
app: addition.o subtraction.o multiplication.o division.o response.o
gcc -o app response.o addition.o subtraction.o multiplication.o division.o
response.o: inc_resp.h inc_print.h response.c printer.c main.c
gcc -c response.c printer.c main.c
addition.o: ADD/inc_add.h ADD/addition.c
gcc -c ADD/addition.c
subtraction.o: SUB/inc_sub.h SUB/subtraction.c
gcc -c SUB/subtraction.c
multiplication.o: MUL/inc_mul.h MUL/multiplication.c
gcc -c MUL/multiplication.c
division.o: DIV/inc_div.h DIV/division.c
gcc -c DIV/division.c
The header files just have declarations of their respective functions. Now after writing a command:
sample2Make$ make -f makefile
The output I am getting is:
gcc -c ADD/addition.c
gcc -c SUB/subtraction.c
gcc -c MUL/multiplication.c
gcc -c DIV/division.c
gcc -c response.c printer.c main.c
gcc -o app addition.o subtraction.o multiplication.o division.o response.o
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../i386-linux-gnu/crt1.o: In function `_start':
/build/buildd/glibc-2.21/csu/../sysdeps/i386/start.S:111: undefined reference to `main'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
makefile:3: recipe for target 'app' failed
make: *** [app] Error 1
You missed to include printer.o and main.o in the final compilation statement, and due to the missing reference to the main(), your compiler screams.
Your final statement should look like
gcc -o app addition.o subtraction.o multiplication.o division.o response.o printer.o main.o
Related
I want to do makefile as the following, but I received this error:
gcc frparse.o frtags.o frscan.o frinit.o frstop.o frfoot.o frio.o -L/usr/local/image/lib/sgi -lioutil -lutil -o frparse
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lioutil
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:17: recipe for target 'frparse' failed
make: *** [frparse] Error 1
I would appreciate it if you guide me.
IMLIB = /usr/local/image/lib/sgi
LLIBS = -lioutil -lutil
it: frparse frcheck pgrep
OBJ = frparse.o frtags.o frscan.o frinit.o frstop.o frfoot.o frio.o
frparse.o: Makefile frparse.h frio.h frproto.h frstop.h frparse.c
frinit.o: Makefile frparse.h frproto.h frinit.c
frscan.o: Makefile frio.h frstop.h frscan.c
frfoot.o: Makefile frparse.h frproto.h frstop.h frfoot.c
frtags.o: Makefile frparse.h frio.h frproto.h frstop.h frtags.c
frstop.o: Makefile frstop.h frstop.c
frio.o: Makefile frio.c
frparse: $(OBJ)
gcc $(OBJ) -L$(IMLIB) $(LLIBS) -o $#
frcheck: frcheck.o
gcc frcheck.o -L$(IMLIB) $(LLIBS) -o $#
pgrep: pgrep.o
gcc pgrep.o -L$(IMLIB) $(LLIBS) -o $#
.c.o:
# cc -c -O2 -mips2 $<
gcc -c -g $<
regarding:
.c.o:
# cc -c -O2 -mips2 $<
gcc -c -g $<
The comment # must ALSO be indented via a <tab> otherwise the recipe never performs the third line
Also, the syntax is a bit obsolete suggest:
%.o:%.c
for the first line of the recipe
However, regarding your question:
Is there actually a library file named libioutil.so in the directory:
/usr/local/image/lib/sgi
I am trying to use matlab libmat.dll in a C application. To compile my C application I use MinGW, for now I use matlab exemple "matcreate.c" and try to compile it, so the projects consist of only one file : main.c .
Here is the makefile I use :
MATINCLUDE = "C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2010a\extern\include"
MATLIBRARY = "C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2010a\bin\win64"
#
CC = gcc
LD = gcc
CFLAGS = -O3 -Wall
LFLAGS = -Wall -O3
LIBS = -I$(MATINCLUDE) -L$(MATLIBRARY)
#
PROG = matTest
LISTEOBJ = \
main.o
.c.o :
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS) -o $# $<
all : $(PROG)
$(PROG) : $(LISTEOBJ)
$(LD) -o $(PROG) $(LFLAGS) $(LISTEOBJ) $(LIBS)
clean :
rm -f *.obj
Here is what I get in the console
E:\Users\Desk\Dropbox\matTest>make
gcc -c -O3 -Wall -I"C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2010a\extern\include" -L"C:\Pr
ogram Files\MATLAB\R2010a\bin\win64" -o main.o main.c
gcc -o Hello_world -Wall -O3 main.o -I"C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2010a\extern\i
nclude" -L"C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2010a\bin\win64"
main.o:main.c:(.text.startup+0x48): undefined reference to `matOpen'
main.o:main.c:(.text.startup+0x6e): undefined reference to `mxCreateDoubleMatrix
_730'
e:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: main.o: ba
d reloc address 0x6e in section `.text.startup'
e:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: final link
failed: Invalid operation
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Hello_world] Error 1
Why do I have "undefined reference to matOpen'" and "undefined reference to mxCreateDoubleMatrix" ?? those function are declared in mat.h. and I added #include "mat.h" to the begining of main.c
thank you
Looks like you have included the path to the matlab library, but not the library itself. You need to add a -l<libraryname> to your link line.
I am trying to add Mersenne twister random library inside a Freeswitch module but when I try to compile and link I get:
making all mod_svbilling
Compiling /usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/mod_svbilling.c...
Compiling /usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/mod_svbilling.c ...
Creating mod_svbilling.so...
mtwist.o: In function `mts_lrand':
mtwist.c:(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `mts_lrand'
.libs/mod_svbilling.o:/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/./mtwist/mtwist.h:417: first defined here
mtwist.o: In function `mts_llrand':
mtwist.c:(.text+0x6d): multiple definition of `mts_llrand'
.libs/mod_svbilling.o:/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/./mtwist/mtwist.h:446: first defined here
mtwist.o: In function `mts_drand':
mtwist.c:(.text+0x189): multiple definition of `mts_drand'
.libs/mod_svbilling.o:/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/./mtwist/mtwist.h:488: first defined here
mtwist.o: In function `mts_ldrand':
mtwist.c:(.text+0x210): multiple definition of `mts_ldrand'
.libs/mod_svbilling.o:/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/./mtwist/mtwist.h:507: first defined here
mtwist.o: In function `mt_lrand':
mtwist.c:(.text+0x349): multiple definition of `mt_lrand'
.libs/mod_svbilling.o:/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/./mtwist/mtwist.h:555: first defined here
mtwist.o: In function `mt_llrand':
mtwist.c:(.text+0x3d7): multiple definition of `mt_llrand'
.libs/mod_svbilling.o:/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/./mtwist/mtwist.h:575: first defined here
mtwist.o: In function `mt_drand':
mtwist.c:(.text+0x55c): multiple definition of `mt_drand'
.libs/mod_svbilling.o:/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/./mtwist/mtwist.h:618: first defined here
mtwist.o: In function `mt_ldrand':
mtwist.c:(.text+0x604): multiple definition of `mt_ldrand'
.libs/mod_svbilling.o:/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/mod/applications/mod_svbilling/./mtwist/mtwist.h:636: first defined here
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
gcc -I. -I./svblic -I./mtwist -fPIC -DVERSION= -DSVN_REV=108M -I/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/libs/curl/include -I/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/include -I/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/src/include -I/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/libs/libteletone/src -I/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/libs/stfu -fPIC -Werror -fvisibility=hidden -DSWITCH_API_VISIBILITY=1 -DHAVE_VISIBILITY=1 -g -ggdb -DHAVE_OPENSSL -g -O2 -Wall -std=c99 -pedantic -Wdeclaration-after-statement -D_GNU_SOURCE -shared -o .libs/mod_svbilling.so -shared -Wl,-x .libs/mod_svbilling.o aes.o lic.o md5.o sysinfo.o mtwist.o -lsqlite3 -lm /usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/.libs/libfreeswitch.so -L/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/libs/apr-util/xml/expat/lib -lpq /usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/libs/apr-util/xml/expat/lib/.libs/libexpat.a /usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/libs/apr/.libs/libapr-1.a -lpthread -L/usr/src/freeswitch-1.2.12/libs/srtp -lcrypt -lrt -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -lz -lncurses -ljpeg -lodbc -Wl,--rpath -Wl,/usr/local/freeswitch/lib -Wl,--rpath -Wl,/usr/local/freeswitch/mod
make[4]: *** [mod_svbilling.so] Error 1
make[3]: *** [all] Error 1
make[2]: *** [mod_svbilling-all] Error 1
make[1]: *** [mod_svbilling] Error 2
make: *** [mod_svbilling] Error 2
Makefile I am using looks like:
BASE=../../../..
SVN_REV=$(shell svnversion -n .)
SVB_LIB_FLAGS = -lm -lpthread -lsqlite3
SVB_CFLAGS = -I. -I./svblic -I./mtwist -fPIC
MOD_CFLAGS=$(SVB_LIB_FLAGS) $(SVB_CFLAGS) -DVERSION=$(VERSION) -DSVN_REV=$(SVN_REV)
LOCAL_OBJS=aes.o lic.o md5.o sysinfo.o mtwist.o
local_depend: $(LOCAL_OBJS)
sysinfo.o: ./svblic/sysinfo.c
gcc $(SVB_CFLAGS) -c ./svblic/sysinfo.c
aes.o: ./svblic/aes.c
gcc $(SVB_CFLAGS) -c ./svblic/aes.c
md5.o: ./svblic/md5.c
gcc $(SVB_CFLAGS) -c ./svblic/md5.c
lic.o: ./svblic/lic.c
gcc $(SVB_CFLAGS) -c ./svblic/lic.c
mtwist.o: ./mtwist/mtwist.c
gcc $(SVB_CFLAGS) -c ./mtwist/mtwist.c
include $(BASE)/build/modmake.rules
I only added following header to my module source code:
#include "./mtwist/mtwist.h"
I don't know why it sais those functions are already defined. mtwist.h has one define in order to avoid redefine those functions
Any idea?
Regards
I am trying to learn the gobject system, so I read some of the documentation on the gnome site and made a simple gobject parented to GObject. I don't wan't to keep running the gcc job every time I want to compile, and I also wanted to learn a build system at the same time. I tried autotools, which I got working to the point where pkg-config searches for gobject-2.0.
To compile my project from the command line, I do: gcc *.c $(pkg-config --cflags --libs gobject-2.0) (I had to take out the extra ticks for formatting). Anyway <--- this command works.
However: gcc $(pkg-config --cflags --libs gobject-2.0) *.c, which SHOULD BE the SAME COMMAND, returns this:
main.c: In function 'main':
main.c:10:10: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
/tmp/ccxO7wkX.o: In function `main':
main.c:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `g_type_init'
main.c:(.text+0x27): undefined reference to `g_type_create_instance'
/tmp/ccPu2beU.o: In function `a_get_type':
myobject.c:(.text+0x57): undefined reference to `g_type_register_static'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Yes, it is the EXACT SAME COMMAND WITH ANOTHER ORDER. I have no clue what's going wrong. Here is how autotools/automake does the build:
gcc -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -g -O2 -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -o GObjectTest main.o myobject.o
main.o: In function `main':
/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest/src/main.c:9: undefined reference to `g_type_init'
/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest/src/main.c:10: undefined reference to `g_type_create_instance'
myobject.o: In function `a_get_type':
/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest/src/myobject.c:19: undefined reference to `g_type_register_static'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [GObjectTest] Error 1
Is this some quirky gcc compile thing? I tried with clang too no avail, which makes me think that this is a linker problem? I really have no idea, and was hoping that someone out there will. This is pretty frustrating.
Here is the "offending code":
GType a_get_type (void)
{
if (type == 0) {
GTypeInfo info = {
sizeof(AClass),
NULL,
NULL,
(GClassInitFunc) a_class_init,
NULL,
NULL,
sizeof(A),
0,
(GInstanceInitFunc) NULL
};
type = g_type_register_static (G_TYPE_OBJECT,
"AType",
&info, 0);
}
return type;
}
Edit: Here is the output of my autotools build, the make part anyway:
$ make
make all-recursive
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest'
Making all in src
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest/src'
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/main.Tpo -c -o main.o main.c
main.c: In function 'main':
main.c:10:10: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
mv -f .deps/main.Tpo .deps/main.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -g -O2 -MT myobject.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/myobject.Tpo -c -o myobject.o myobject.c
mv -f .deps/myobject.Tpo .deps/myobject.Po
gcc -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -g -O2 -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -o GObjectTest main.o myobject.o
main.o: In function `main':
/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest/src/main.c:9: undefined reference to `g_type_init'
/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest/src/main.c:10: undefined reference to `g_type_create_instance'
myobject.o: In function `a_get_type':
/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest/src/myobject.c:19: undefined reference to `g_type_register_static'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [GObjectTest] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest/src'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/aj/Desktop/GObjectTest'
make: *** [all] Error 2
Here is the interesting part: replace gcc -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -g -O2 -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -o GObjectTest main.o myobject.o with gcc -o GObjectTest main.o myobject.o -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -g -O2 -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 and it works.
#include<stdio.h>
#include "flite.h"
cst_voice *register_cmu_us_kal();
int main()
{
cst_voice *v;
cst_wave *w;
char *text = "Hello world programming";
//Initialising the flite variables used
flite_init();
w = new_wave();
v = register_cmu_us_kal(NULL);
flite_text_to_speech(text,v,"hello_wave");
if(cst_wave_load_riff(w,"hello_wave")!=CST_OK_FORMAT){
printf("\nCompare_wave:Can read file or wrong format!\n");
}
else{
play_wave(w);
}
return 0;
}
Makefile
all:compile \
./compile
compile:eg1.o
gcc -o $# eg1.o
eg1.o:eg1.c $(LIBS_DIR) $(INC_DIR) $(LIBS)
gcc -c $<
LIBS_DIR = -L /home/b/flite-1.4-release/build/i386-linux-gnu/lib
INC_DIR = -I /home/b/flite-1.4-relase/include
LIBS = -lflite_cmu_us_slt -lflite -lflite_cmulex -lflite_cmu_time_awb -lflite_cmu_us_kal16 -lflite_cmu_us_kal -lflite_cmu_usenglish
INCLUDE:
clean:
rm -f *.o
I tried by giving he library and header file paths as LIBS_DIR = ../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib and INC_DIR = ../include
I tried the folowing c program by including a third party library. This program an a makefile is located in b\flite-1.4-release\Learnin_though_example folder. Th flite libraries are located in b\flite-1.4-release\build\i386-linux-gnu\lib and the header files are in b\flite-1.4-release\include .
I assume that i have given the makefile th correct path to search for the files. But its not identifyin it and i'm gettin an error as,
make clean all
rm -f *.o
gcc -c eg1.c
eg1.c:2:19: error: flite.h: No such file or directory
eg1.c:3: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
eg1.c: In function ‘main’:
eg1.c:6: error: ‘cst_voice’ undeclared (first use in this function)
eg1.c:6: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
eg1.c:6: error: for each function it appears in.)
eg1.c:6: error: ‘v’ undeclared (first use in this function)
eg1.c:7: error: ‘cst_wave’ undeclared (first use in this function)
eg1.c:7: error: ‘w’ undeclared (first use in this function)
eg1.c:17: error: ‘CST_OK_FORMAT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [eg1.o] Error 1
Please help me understand what is the mistake i'm doing
EDITED:
I modiied th makefile as per matt's guidance:
all:compile
compile:eg1.o
gcc $(INC_DIR) $(LIB_DIR) -o $# $^ $(LIBS)
eg1.o:eg1.c
gcc $(INC_DIR) -o $# -c $^
LIBS_DIR = -L../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib
INC_DIR = -I../include
LIBS = -lflite -lflite_cmulex -lflite_cmu_time_awb -lflite_cmu_us_kal16 -lflite_cmu_us_kal -lflite_cmu_usenglish -lflite_cmu_us_slt
clean:
rm -f *.o
but i'm getting ifferent error whn compiled with the command "make clean all" as,
rm -f *.o
gcc -I../include -o eg1.o -c eg1.c
gcc -I../include -o compile eg1.o -lflite -lflite_cmulex -lflite_cmu_time_awb -lflite_cmu_us_kal16 -lflite_cmu_us_kal -lflite_cmu_usenglish -lflite_cmu_us_slt
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lflite
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [compile] Error 1
EDITED:
rm -f *.o
gcc -I../include -o eg1.o -c eg1.c
gcc -I../include -L../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib -o compile eg1.o -lflite -lflite_cmulex -lflite_cmu_time_awb -lflite_cmu_us_kal16 -lflite_cmu_us_kal -lflite_usenglish -lflite_cmu_us_slt -lflite_cmu_us_rms
../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib/libflite.so: undefined reference to `sin'
../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib/libflite.so: undefined reference to `exp'
../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib/libflite.so: undefined reference to `sqrt'
../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib/libflite.so: undefined reference to `log'
../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib/libflite.so: undefined reference to `fmod'
../build/i386-linux-gnu/lib/libflite.so: undefined reference to `pow'
Your makefile is, I'm afraid to say, completely broken.
The basic Makefile syntax is:
target: pre-requisite(s)
<tab>Stuff to do to build target from pre-reqs (if required)
So this is wrong, eg1.o can't be a pre-requisite for building itself.
compile:eg1.o
gcc -o eg1.o
You should have:
eg1.o: eg1.c
gcc $(INC_DIR) -o $# -c $^
($# is the target, $^ all the pre-reqs.)
Then you can:
myexe: eg1.o
gcc $(INC_DIR) $(LIBS_DIR) -o $# $^ $(LIBS)
This will produce myexe from eg1.o. And your all rule should be all: myexe, with no recipe (no commands), and at the top as you have it.
Then you've got your include directories and library directories mixed up. -I is for include paths, -L for library paths.
Place your variable definitions before the rules, that's more common/usual. And don't put a space between -L/-I and the path that follows it.
The include directories to search is specified by -I flag, not -L.
Change:
LIBS_DIR = -I /home/b/flite-1.4-release/build/i386-linux-gnu/lib
INC_DIR = -L /home/b/flite-1.4-relase/include
to:
LIBS_DIR = -L /home/b/flite-1.4-release/build/i386-linux-gnu/lib
INC_DIR = -I /home/b/flite-1.4-relase/include