I have successfully set up a small program to create a uinput device which I plan to use to automate testing of an application receiving keyboard input events.
I have followed both tutorials as found in this very nice answer.
When my program creates the uinput device by calling ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE) a new device appears in the file system so my application under test can attach to it and wait for events. My target system already has a /dev/input/event0 device so the new one gets the path /dev/input/event1. If I compile and run the program for my desktop system, where there are existing devices /dev/input/event[0-15], when the program is run the new device gets /dev/input/event16.
I'd like my program to report the new device name after creating it. Is there a way to get it?
Yes, you can use UI_GET_SYSNAME (defined in /usr/include/linux/uinput.h) if it's available on your platform (Android, for instance, does not define it for some reason). It will give you a name for the device created in /sys/devices/virtual/input. Once you know the device in sysfs, you can figure out the device(s) created in /dev/input by reading this SO question.
Use it after calling UI_DEV_CREATE like so (omitting error/sanity checking):
ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
char sysfs_device_name[16];
ioctl(fd, UI_GET_SYSNAME(sizeof(sysfs_device_name)), sysfs_device_name);
printf("/sys/devices/virtual/input/%s\n", sysfs_device_name);
If it is not available, you can try looking up the sysfs device in /proc/bus/input/devices which should contain an entry like:
I: Bus=0006 Vendor=0001 Product=0001 Version=0001
N: Name="your-uinput-device-name"
P: Phys=
S: Sysfs=/devices/virtual/input/input12
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=sysrq kbd mouse0 event11
B: PROP=0
B: EV=7
B: KEY=70000 0 0 0 0 0 7ffff ffffffff fffffffe
B: REL=143
..which is a bit messier. But as you can see it'll also give you a shortcut to the device created in /dev/input.
I was in the boat of not having the UI_GET_SYSNAME function work for me (it executed, but returned nothing). Also, I wanted the "event handler path" which is a different (though related) dynamic value. As such, I forced into the ugliness of parsing the /proc/bus/input/devices file.
I posted my bash parser for this on the following StackExchange thread: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/82064/how-to-get-the-actual-keyboard-device-given-the-output-of-proc-bus-input-device/507209#507209
That will fetch either of these values for you on demand...
Related
I've got several USB to 422 adapters in my test system. I've used FTProg to give each adapter a specific name: Sensor1, Sensor2, etc. They will all be plugged in at power on. I don't want to hard code each adapter to a specific ttyUSBx. I want the drivers to figure out which tty it needs to use. I'm developing in C for a linux system. My first thought was to something like this in my startup code.
system("dmesg | find_usb.py");
The python script would find the devices since each one has a unique Product Description. Then using the usb tree to associate each device with its ttyUSBx. The script would then create /tmp/USBDevs which would just be a simple device:tty pairing that would be easy for the C code to search.
I've been told...DoN't UsE sYsTeM...use posix_spawn(). But I'm having problems getting the output of dmesg piped to my python script. This isn't working
char *my_args[] = {"dmesg", "|", "find_usb.py", NULL};
pid_t pid;
int status;
status = posix_spawn(&pid, "/bin/dmesg", NULL, NULL, my_args, NULL);
if(status == 0){
if(waitpid(pid, &status, 0) != -1);{
printf("posix_spawn exited: %i", status);
}
I've been trying to figure out how to do this with posix_spawn_file_actions(), but I'm not allowed to hit the peak of the 'Ballmer Curve' at work.
Thanks in advance
Instead of using /dev/ttyUSB* devices, write udev rules to generate named symlinks to the devices. For a brief how-to, see here. Basically, you'll have an udev rule for each device, ending with say SYMLINK+=Sensor-name, and in your program, use /dev/Sensor-name for each sensor. (I do recommend using Sensor- prefix, noting the initial Capital letter, as all device names are currently lowercase. This avoids any clashes with existing devices.)
These symlinks will then only exist when the matching device is plugged in, and will point to the correct device (/dev/ttyUSB* in this case). When the device is removed, udev automagically deletes the symlink also. Just make sure your udev rule identifies the device precisely (not just vendor:device, but serial number also). I'd expect the rule to look something like
SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="VVVV", ATTRS{idProduct}=="PPPP", ATTRS{serial}=="SSSSSSSS", SYMLINK+="Sensor-name"
where VVVV is the USB Vendor ID (four hexadecimal digits), PPPP is the USB Product ID (four hexadecimal digits), and SSSSSSSS is the serial number string. You can see these values using e.g. udevadm info -a -n /dev/ttyUSB* when the device is plugged in.
If you still insist on parsing dmesg output, using your own script is a good idea.
You could use FILE *handle = popen("dmesg | find_usb.py", "r"); and read from handle like it was a file. When complete, close the handle using int exitstatus = pclose(handle);. See man popen and man pclose for the details, and man 2 wait for the WIFEXITED(), WEXITSTATUS(), WIFSIGNALED(), WTERMSIG() macros you'll need to use to examine exitstatus (although in your case, I suppose you can just ignore any errors).
If you do want to use posix_spawn() (or roughly equivalently, fork() and execvp()), you'd need to set up at least one pipe (to read the output of the spawned command) – two if you spawn/fork+exec both dmesg and your Python script –, and that gets a bit more complicated. See man pipe for details on that. Personally, I would rewrite the Python script so that it executes dmesg itself internally, and only outputs the device name(s). With posix_spawn(), you'd init a posix_file_actions_t, with three actions: _adddup2() to duplicate the write end of the pipe to STDOUT_FILENO, and two _addclose()s to close both ends of the pipe. However, I myself prefer to use fork() and exec() instead, somewhat similar to the example by Glärbo in this answer.
I would like to know the mechanism in which the Linux Kernel knows which file descriptor (e.g. /dev/input/eventX) to write the input to. For example, I know that when the user clicks the mouse, an interrupt occurs, which gets handled by the driver and propagated to the Linux input core via input_event (drivers/input/input.c), which eventually gets written to the appropriate file in /dev/input/. Specifically, I want to know which source files I need to go through to see how the kernel knows which file to write to based on the information given about the input event. My goal is to see if I can determine the file descriptors corresponding to specific input event codes before the kernel writes them to the /dev/input/eventX character files.
You may go through two files:
drivers/input/input.c
drivers/input/evdev.c
In evdev.c, evdev_init() will call input_register_handler() to initialize input_handler_list.
Then in an input device driver, after initialize input_dev, it will call:
input_register_device(input_dev)
-> get device kobj path, like /devices/soc/78ba000.i2c/i2c-6/6-0038/input/input2
-> input_attach_handler()
-> handler->connect(handler, dev, id);
-> evdev_connect()
In evdev_connect(), it will do below:
1. dynamic allocate a minor for a new evdev.
2. dev_set_name(&evdev->dev, "event%d", dev_no);
3. call input_register_handle() to connect input_dev and evdev->handle.
4. create a cdev, and call device_add().
After this, you will find input node /dev/input/eventX, X is value of dev_no.
Using wpa_supplicant 2.4 on ARM Debian.
Is there a way to get signal level, in decibels or percents, of the wireless network I’m currently connected to?
STATUS command only returns the following set of values: bssid, freq, ssid, id, mode, pairwise_cipher, group_cipher, key_mgmt, wpa_state, ip_address, p2p_device_address, address, uuid
I can run SCAN afterwards, wait for results and search by SSID. But that’s slow and error-prone, I'd like to do better.
The driver should already know that information (because connected, and adjusting transmit levels for energy saving), is there a way to just query for that?
This question is not about general computing hardware and software. I'm using wpa_supplicant through a C API defined in wpa_ctrl.h header, interacting with the service through a pair of unix domain sockets (one for commands, another one for unsolicited events).
One reason I don’t like my current SCAN + SCAN_RESULT solution, it doesn’t work for hidden SSID networks. Scan doesn’t find the network, therefore I’m not getting signal level this way. Another issue is minor visual glitch at application startup. My app is launched by systemd, After=multi-user.target. Unless it’s the very first launch, Linux is already connected to Wi-Fi by then. In my app’s GUI (the product will feature a touch screen), I render a phone-like status bar, that includes WiFi signal strength icon. Currently, it initially shows minimal level (I know it's connected because STATUS command shows SSID), only after ~1 second I’m getting CTRL-EVENT-SCAN-RESULTS event from wpa_supplicant, run SCAN_RESULT command and update signal strength to the correct value.
On the API level my code is straightforward. I have two threads for that, both call wpa_ctrl_open, the command thread calls wpa_ctrl_request, the event thread has an endless loop that calls poll passing wpa_ctrl_get_fd() descriptor and POLLIN event mask, followed by wpa_ctrl_pending and wpa_ctrl_recv.
And here's the list of files in /sys/class/net/wlan0:
./mtu
./type
./phys_port_name
./netdev_group
./flags
./power/control
./power/async
./power/runtime_enabled
./power/runtime_active_kids
./power/runtime_active_time
./power/autosuspend_delay_ms
./power/runtime_status
./power/runtime_usage
./power/runtime_suspended_time
./speed
./dormant
./name_assign_type
./proto_down
./addr_assign_type
./phys_switch_id
./dev_id
./duplex
./gro_flush_timeout
./iflink
./phys_port_id
./addr_len
./address
./operstate
./carrier_changes
./broadcast
./queues/rx-0/rps_flow_cnt
./queues/rx-0/rps_cpus
./queues/rx-1/rps_flow_cnt
./queues/rx-1/rps_cpus
./queues/rx-2/rps_flow_cnt
./queues/rx-2/rps_cpus
./queues/rx-3/rps_flow_cnt
./queues/rx-3/rps_cpus
./queues/tx-0/xps_cpus
./queues/tx-0/tx_maxrate
./queues/tx-0/tx_timeout
./queues/tx-0/byte_queue_limits/limit
./queues/tx-0/byte_queue_limits/limit_max
./queues/tx-0/byte_queue_limits/limit_min
./queues/tx-0/byte_queue_limits/hold_time
./queues/tx-0/byte_queue_limits/inflight
./queues/tx-1/xps_cpus
./queues/tx-1/tx_maxrate
./queues/tx-1/tx_timeout
./queues/tx-1/byte_queue_limits/limit
./queues/tx-1/byte_queue_limits/limit_max
./queues/tx-1/byte_queue_limits/limit_min
./queues/tx-1/byte_queue_limits/hold_time
./queues/tx-1/byte_queue_limits/inflight
./queues/tx-2/xps_cpus
./queues/tx-2/tx_maxrate
./queues/tx-2/tx_timeout
./queues/tx-2/byte_queue_limits/limit
./queues/tx-2/byte_queue_limits/limit_max
./queues/tx-2/byte_queue_limits/limit_min
./queues/tx-2/byte_queue_limits/hold_time
./queues/tx-2/byte_queue_limits/inflight
./queues/tx-3/xps_cpus
./queues/tx-3/tx_maxrate
./queues/tx-3/tx_timeout
./queues/tx-3/byte_queue_limits/limit
./queues/tx-3/byte_queue_limits/limit_max
./queues/tx-3/byte_queue_limits/limit_min
./queues/tx-3/byte_queue_limits/hold_time
./queues/tx-3/byte_queue_limits/inflight
./tx_queue_len
./uevent
./statistics/rx_fifo_errors
./statistics/collisions
./statistics/rx_errors
./statistics/rx_compressed
./statistics/rx_dropped
./statistics/tx_packets
./statistics/tx_errors
./statistics/rx_missed_errors
./statistics/rx_over_errors
./statistics/tx_carrier_errors
./statistics/tx_heartbeat_errors
./statistics/rx_crc_errors
./statistics/multicast
./statistics/tx_fifo_errors
./statistics/tx_aborted_errors
./statistics/rx_bytes
./statistics/tx_compressed
./statistics/tx_dropped
./statistics/rx_packets
./statistics/tx_bytes
./statistics/tx_window_errors
./statistics/rx_frame_errors
./statistics/rx_length_errors
./dev_port
./ifalias
./ifindex
./link_mode
./carrier
You can get the signal level of the connected wifi by wpa_supplicant cmd SIGNAL_POLL
The wpa_supplicant would return:
RSSI=-60
LINKSPEED=867
NOISE=9999
FREQUENCY=5745
The value of the RSSI is the signal level.
You can get the signal level of the connected wifi by wpa_supplicant cmd BSS <bssid>.
About the bssid of the connected wifi, you can get from wpa_supplicant cmd STATUS.
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/wpa_supplicant_8/+/622b66d6efd0cccfeb8623184fadf2f76e7e8206/wpa_supplicant/ctrl_iface.c#1986
For iw compatible devices:
Following command gives the current station(aka AP) signal strength:
iw dev wlp2s0 station dump -v
If you need C API, just dig the source code of iw.
After a quick glance, the function you need is here
For broadcom devices, try search broadcom wl. It is close source, don't know if C API is provided.
Is there a way to close the device/socket in VxWorks programmatically?
Meaning say I have the devices /tyco/0, /tyco/1 and /tyco/2 and I want to close/shutdown /tyco/1 and /tyco/2.
I would like to do something like remove("/tyco/1"). Something that would prevent even an open("/tyco/1") call later on in the code or from an outside source from opening the socket.
All devices available to VxWorks are part of the device list. The device list is accessible using the iosLib.
I've used the following code a lot to remove devices to generate errors in order to test my programs:
DEV_HDR *pDevice;
pDevice = iosDevFind("/xyz", NULL);
if (pDevice != NULL)
{
iosDevDelete(pDevice);
}
This works for all devices listed by the devs command which in your case will also work for "/tyco". I doubt that you can inhibit open calls to "/tyco/1" and "/tyco/2" but allow calls to "/tyco/0" using that method since it works on "devices".
If "/tyco/0" is your serial interface to the VxWorks shell then the method from above will work. Because removing a device from the device list will cause all following open calls to that device to fail but will not close already opened devices...
We have a C program (a client that connects to our server). The program uses Win32 API:s to create controls etc. It is a single-threaded application. Lately the application has started to hang at random in Windows 7.
Thanks to Application Verifier, I could detect problematic APIs and rectified them.
Now there are still some customers reporting a "non-responsive" situation.
A crash dump from their side reveals the following API:
SendMessage(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_DDE_INITIATE, (WPARAM)hClient, MAKELONG(aAppl,aTopic));
Yes its sending a DDE command to WinWord.exe. Task Manager shows Winword in non-responsive state.
Evtx reveals the following:
Fault bucket , type 0
Event Name: AppHangXProcB1
Response: Not available
Cab Id: 0
Problem signature:
P1: OurApplication.exe
P2: 14.14.1.50
P3: 537337f4
P4: b6f1
P5: 32
P6: WINWORD.EXE
P7: 15.0.4615.1000
P8:
P9:
P10:
Attached files:
C:\Users\diane-do\AppData\Local\Temp\WER91C7.tmp.appcompat.txt
C:\Users\diane-do\AppData\Local\Temp\WER958F.tmp.WERInternalMetadata.xml
C:\Users\diane-do\AppData\Local\Temp\WER968B.tmp.xml
C:\Users\diane-do\AppData\Local\Temp\WER969C.tmp.hdmp
C:\Users\diane-do\AppData\Local\Temp\WER9777.tmp.mdmp
These files may be available here:
C:\Users\diane-do\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\WER\ReportQueue\AppHang_OurApplication.exe_e9b582fc22d416b8787c1184f6fe7fa19d63_cab_0fde97a1
Analysis symbol:
Rechecking for solution: 0
Report Id: 9e84daa9-eff8-11e3-a2fb-90b11c841d1a
Report Status: 36
Any help would be appreciated.
Please note the above is Win 7 64-bit, while our application is 32 bit. Don't know what build their Office 2013 is (32 or 64 bit)
I am aware of the following:
- DDE is old technology, but changing it is out of question now.
- For the above case, I cant use SendMessageTimeout APIs as our client has to wait until commands complete.
ONCE AGAIN, The hang (non-responsive state) happens at random, not always at DDE but various instances. While computing something, even while doing a simple operation as below. Customers launch our CHM file from our menu, then Alt+Tab to another application and then Alt+Tab back to our application, our application becomes non-responsive.
P.S: I also didn't find any document online as to how to interpret those evtx application logs , what P1 P2 stand for. What signatures meant or what fault bucket type are, or any meaning of AppHangXProcB1 or AppHangB1 etc. Please pass the link if you have for the same.
sendmessage is a blocking call it will return only after the receiver application processes the message. Here, it got blocked & it as well blocked your application from dispatching the message. Since your application can't process any further window messages, it hanged the GUI.
Check again all the processing done on processing a window message for any blocking calls like waitforsingleobject, recv, connect in it.