How to allowed null Auto_Increment primary key in SQL Server - sql-server

midx column is the primary key that using auto increment (identity 1,1).
When I try to insert data using this query, that is a problem:
Insert into coordinfo(mdate, X, Y, lat, lon)
values (GETDATE(), 12344, 334, 34.775, 123.554);
I want to increase the midx by automatically without entering the primary key.
Thanks!

Normally a primary key column cannot be null, since it has to be a clustered index on the table.
In order to get the effect you want, you should create a keys table with a non-null identity column.
If your table is defined as follows, with an insert trigger, your insert DML will yield an auto-generated value for midx:
CREATE TABLE keyTable
(
[key] int identity(1,1) primary key not null,
date datetime
)
CREATE TRIGGER myTable_increment_midx ON myTable
after INSERT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #key int
INSERT INTO keyTable (date) values (getdate())
SET #key = ##IDENTITY
UPDATE t
set t.midx = #key
FROM mytable t join INSERTED i on i.mdate = t.mdate and ...
END
CREATE TABLE myTable
(
mdate DATETIME,
udate DATETIME,
midx INT PRIMARY KEY NULL, --again, you shouldn't be allowed to do this
X INT,
Y INT,
lat DECIMAL(9, 6),
lon DECIMAL(9, 6)
)

you can use compete column:
ALTER TABLE coordinfo ADD midx AS idx*100

Related

Update a table column depending on a column from the foreign key table

I have a problem where I have a table A which has a foreign key to table B, both tables contain a From and a createdAt column, both of type datetime.
I want to update the From column in table A to be either the A.From or B.CreatedAt depending on which one is bigger.
How should I approach this kind of problem? Can this only be done using cursor?
I want to update the From column in table A to be either the A.From or B.CreatedAt depending on which one is bigger.
There's no need to update the From column in table A if A.From is equal to or larger than the corresponding CreatedAt value in table B.
Assuming your tables look something like:
DECLARE #TableA table
(
ID integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
[From] datetime NOT NULL,
CreatedAt datetime NOT NULL
);
DECLARE #TableB table
(
ID integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
A_ID integer NOT NULL, -- foreign key
[From] datetime NOT NULL,
CreatedAt datetime NOT NULL
);
The update you need is of the form:
UPDATE TA
SET TA.[From] = TB.CreatedAt
FROM #TableA AS TA
JOIN #TableB AS TB
ON TB.A_ID = TA.ID
WHERE
TB.CreatedAt > TA.[From];

Creting FOREIGN KEY constraint on multiple columns with one of them being constant value

When I have table with PRIMARY KEY from 2 columns:
CREATE TABLE SizeTypes
(
TypeID tinyint NOT NULL,
SizeID tinyint NOT NULL,
Name varchar(100) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT PK_SizeType
PRIMARY KEY (TypeID, SizeID)
)
How can I create second table with a foreign key that have 1st constant value and 2nd from column like below:
CREATE TABLE Something
(
ID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
SizeTypeID_1 TINYINT,
SizeTypeID_2 TINYINT,
SizeTypeID_3 TINYINT,
CONSTRAINT FK_Something_SizeTypes_1
FOREIGN KEY (1, SizeTypeID_1)
REFERENCES SizeTypes(TypeID, SizeID),
CONSTRAINT FK_Something_SizeTypes_2
FOREIGN KEY (2, SizeTypeID_2)
REFERENCES SizeTypes(TypeID, SizeID),
CONSTRAINT FK_Something_SizeTypes_3
FOREIGN KEY (3, SizeTypeID_3)
REFERENCES SizeTypes(TypeID, SizeID)
)
This can be done using FOREIGN KEY, if yes then how?
If no then what other ways to do this I have? Triggers on INSERT and UPDATE for table something and on DELETE for table SizeTypes? Any other choices I have?
It looks like the following code will let you create suitable check constraints with the check implemented by a separate function:
-- Create the first table.
create table SizeTypes(
TypeId TinyInt not NULL,
SizeId TinyInt not NULL,
Name VarChar(100) not NULL,
constraint PK_SizeType primary key ( TypeId, SizeId ) );
go
-- Create a function to implement the logic for the check constraint.
create function CheckSizeTypeId(
#TypeId TinyInt, #SizeId TinyInt )
returns Int
as begin
-- Replace the following statement with the logic for your check.
if #SizeId >= 0 and #SizeId <= ( select SizeId from SizeTypes where TypeID = #TypeID )
return 1;
return 0;
end;
go
-- Create the second table with the check constraints.
create table Something(
Id Int identity(1,1) primary key,
SizeTypeId_1 TinyInt,
SizeTypeId_2 TinyInt,
SizeTypeId_3 TinyInt,
constraint Check_SizeTypeId_1 check ( dbo.CheckSizeTypeId( 1, SizeTypeId_1 ) = 1 ),
constraint Check_SizeTypeId_2 check ( dbo.CheckSizeTypeId( 2, SizeTypeId_2 ) = 1 ),
constraint Check_SizeTypeId_3 check ( dbo.CheckSizeTypeId( 3, SizeTypeId_3 ) = 1 ) );
go
-- Houseclean.
drop table SizeTypes;
drop table Something;
drop function CheckSizeTypeId;
Note that the constraints restrict what you can do with values in Something. Changes in SizeTypes will not revalidate data in Something, though that could be implemented in a trigger on SizeTypes.

Why does SCOPE_IDENTITY() return NULL after insert on one table and not on the other?

Why does SCOPE_IDENTITY() return NULL after inserting a row in the ComponentAssociation table (as ##IDENTITY returns the right Id)
while SCOPE_IDENTITY() returns the right Id after inserting a row in the CustomerProjectAssociation table ?
The two association tables are created the same way.
Here is an extract of the table creation script:
-- Creating table 'CustomerProjectAssociation'
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[CustomerProjectAssociation]
(
[Id] int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[CustomerId] int NOT NULL,
[ProjectId] int NOT NULL,
[CreationDate] datetime NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_CustomerProjectAssociation_CreationDate DEFAULT (SYSUTCDATETIME()),
[LastModificationDate] datetime NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_CustomerProjectAssociation_ModificationDate DEFAULT (SYSUTCDATETIME())
);
GO
-- Creating table 'ComponentAssociation'
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ComponentAssociation]
(
[Id] int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[EcuId] int NOT NULL,
[CreationDate] datetime NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_ComponentAssociation_CreationDate DEFAULT (SYSUTCDATETIME()),
[LastModificationDate] datetime NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_ComponentAssociation_ModificationDate DEFAULT (SYSUTCDATETIME()),
[ComponentId] int NOT NULL
);
GO
-- Creating primary key on [Id] in table 'CustomerProjectAssociation'
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[CustomerProjectAssociation]
ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_CustomerProjectAssociation]
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC);
GO
-- Creating primary key on [Id] in table 'ComponentAssociation'
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ComponentAssociation]
ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_ComponentAssociation]
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC);
GO
And here are two queries executed on the database from SQL Server Management Studio:
INSERT [dbo].[CustomerProjectAssociation]([CustomerId], [ProjectId])
VALUES (1, 2)
SELECT
[RowCount] = ##RowCount,
[##IDENTITY] = ##IDENTITY,
[SCOPE_IDENTITY] = SCOPE_IDENTITY()
Result:
RowCount ##IDENTITY SCOPE_IDENTITY
1 24 24
INSERT [dbo].[ComponentAssociation]([EcuId], [ComponentId])
VALUES(1, 2)
SELECT
[RowCount] = ##RowCount,
[##IDENTITY] = ##IDENTITY,
[SCOPE_IDENTITY] = SCOPE_IDENTITY()
Result:
RowCount ##IDENTITY SCOPE_IDENTITY
1 613 NULL
OK, the issue is solved.
Found the solution here: error when inserting into table having instead of trigger from entity data framework
I added the following select statement at the end of the instead of insert,update trigger returning all the computed columns:
select [Id], [CreationDate], [LastModificationDate] from {0}.[dbo].[ComponentAssociation] where ##ROWCOUNT > 0 and Id = scope_identity()

Insert new record with composite primary key, which consists of two foreign keys from different tables

Please help me figure out how to Insert new record with composite primary key, which consists of two foreign keys from different tables.
I am working in C#, WPF if that matters.
I have three tables: Sales, SaleItem, Item.
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Sales] (
[saleID] INT IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL,
[saleTime] DATETIME NOT NULL,
[customerID] INT NULL,
[TIN] INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Sales] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([saleID] ASC),
CONSTRAINT [FK_Sales_Customers] FOREIGN KEY ([customerID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Customers] ([customerID]),
CONSTRAINT [FK_Sales_Company] FOREIGN KEY ([TIN]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Company] ([TIN])
);
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Item] (
[ItemSKU] INT IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL,
[itemName] NVARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,
[volume] FLOAT (53) NOT NULL,
[measureUnit] NVARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,
[producer] NVARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,
[supplierID] INT NOT NULL,
[retailPrice] NUMERIC (18) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Item] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ItemSKU] ASC),
CONSTRAINT [FK_Item_Suppliers] FOREIGN KEY ([supplierID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Suppliers] ([supplierID])
);
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[SaleItem] (
[saleID] INT IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL,
[itemSKU] INT NOT NULL,
[quantity] INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_SaleItem] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([saleID] ASC, [itemSKU] ASC),
CONSTRAINT [FK_SaleItem_Sales] FOREIGN KEY ([saleID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Sales] ([saleID]),
CONSTRAINT [FK_SaleItem_Item] FOREIGN KEY ([itemSKU]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Item] ([ItemSKU])
);
I want to insert a new record into SaleItem table (the third one) where saleID is the last ID recorded in Sales table and ItemSKU which is equal to the value I get from another window.
I want these values:
SaleID = SELECT TOP 1 saleID FROM Sales ORDER BY saleID DESC";
ItemSKU = "SELECT itemName FROM Item WHERE ItemSKU = #sku";
I think I must do it in one query but I have no idea how.
Can you please give me a hint? I
First, you need to remove the IDENTITY property from the dbo.SaleItem table. The IDENTITY property is only required on the parent table, dbo.Sales.
You can do a single INSERT statement like this. It uses two subqueries, which are the SELECT statements in parentheses, to get values from the other two tables.
INSERT INTO dbo.SaleItem (saleID, itemSKU, quantity)
VALUES ((SELECT MAX(saleID) FROM dbo.Sales),
(SELECT ItemSKU FROM dbo.Item WHERE itemName = N'Widget'),
50);
You might want to turn it into a stored procedure, like this:
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.up_InsertSaleItem
(
#itemName nvarchar(50),
#quantity int
)
AS
INSERT INTO dbo.SaleItem (saleID, itemSKU, quantity)
VALUES ((SELECT MAX(saleID) FROM dbo.Sales),
(SELECT ItemSKU FROM dbo.Item WHERE itemName = #itemName),
#quantity);
Then to use the stored procedure:
-- Test the stored procedure
EXEC dbo.up_InsertSaleItem #itemName=N'Widget', #quantity=50;
SELECT *
FROM dbo.SaleItem;
To read more about subqueries, see Microsoft SQL Server 2012 T-SQL Fundamentals by Itzik Ben-Gan, Chapter 4: Subqueries.

How to create a computed column that references another column from another table?

I am using Microsoft SQL Server and I am still learning. I have two tables, a product table and an order details table. The product table contains a price and then the order details table has a reference to the the product, the quantity of the product and the total price. Here are the two tables:
--Create Product Table
CREATE TABLE Products.Product
(
product_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
product_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
product_desc VARCHAR(5000),
product_price SMALLMONEY NOT NULL CHECK (product_price >= 0)
);
--Create Order Details Table
CREATE TABLE Orders.Order_detail
(
order_detail_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
product_id INT NOT NULL,
product_quantity INT NOT NULL CHECK (product_quantity >= 0),
order_detail_total MONEY NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES Products.Product
);
How can I make it so that order_detail_total is a computed column that is the product_price * product_quantity?
Thanks to #Andy K, I came up with this solution:
--Create Product Table
CREATE TABLE Products.Product
(
product_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
product_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
product_desc VARCHAR(5000),
product_price SMALLMONEY NOT NULL CHECK (product_price >= 0)
);
GO
--Create a function to calculate the order details total
CREATE FUNCTION Orders.calcOrderDetailTotal(#quantity INT, #productId INT)
RETURNS MONEY
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #price SMALLMONEY
SELECT #price = product_price FROM Products.Product AS TP
WHERE TP.product_id = #productId
RETURN #quantity * #price
END
GO
--Create Order Details Table
CREATE TABLE Orders.Order_detail
(
order_detail_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
product_id INT NOT NULL,
product_quantity INT NOT NULL CHECK (product_quantity >= 0),
order_detail_total MONEY NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES Products.Product
);
This worked for me on a test db that I created.

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