#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( ) {
pid_t pid;
int status = -1;
if ((pid = fork()) != 0) {
printf("Father process wait child PID=%d\n", pid);
wait(&status);
printf("Child finish with status: %d\n",WEXITSTATUS(status));
exit(0);
}
else {
printf("Child process running...\n");
execl("/bin/ls","ls", "-la", NULL);
printf("Child ending...\n");
}
}
When compiling this code the last line of the else doesn't print and I don't know why.
http://linux.die.net/man/3/execl
The exec() family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image.
....
Return Value
The exec() functions only return if an error has occurred. The return
value is -1, and errno is set to indicate the error.
Related
I run my C program on debian-linux ,the program is expected to output
$ ./kill_raise
Child(pid : 4877) is waiting for any signal
Parent kill 4877
but I just got
Parent kill 4877
the string in subprocess (Child(pid : %d) is waiting for any signal) is not print out,why?
and this is my program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pid_t pid;
int res;
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
{
perror ("Fork error\n");
exit(0);
}
if (pid == 0)
{
printf ("child(pid:%d) is waiting for signal\n", getpid());
raise(SIGSTOP);
exit(0);
}
else
{
if ((waitpid(pid, NULL, WNOHANG)) == 0)
{
if ((res = kill(pid, SIGKILL)) == 0)
{
printf ("parent kill %d\n", pid);
}
}
waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
exit(0);
}
}
You're hitting a race condition. The parent is executing the kill before the child can execute its printf. Remove WNOHANG so the parent actually waits for the child to stop. Also, you need to add WUNTRACED so that waitpid reports the stop (by default, it will only report termination). Finally, you shouldn't be testing wait()'s return value against 0 in this case.
I have to write an program which will generate a random amount of processes, and then will kill them one after one, after they all were created.
My problem is that I can't stop the child processes after being created.
Also, I try to call the termination-output to stdout from a child process, but don't really know how to solve it (because pid = 0 is for every child process).
#define _POSIX_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
//int status;
srand(time(NULL));
int amount = (rand())%9+1;
pid_t fatherid = getpid();
printf("Hello I am a parent process, my PID is %d and I will now create %d children.\n",fatherid,amount);
pid_t pid = 1;
pid_t pidarr[amount];
for(int i = 0;i<amount;i++){
if(pid != 0){
pid = fork();
pidarr[i] = pid;
if(pid ==0){
printf("Hello I am a child process, my PID is %d and my parent has the PID %d.\n",getpid(),fatherid);
}
sleep(1);
}
}
if(pid != 0){
wait(NULL);
}
for(int i = (amount-1);i >= 0;i--){
if(pidarr[(i-1)] != 0){
printf("Hello I am a child process %d, I will terminate now.\n",getpid());
}
sleep(rand()%4);
if(pid != 0){
kill(pidarr[i],SIGKILL);
printf("Child Process %d was terminated.\n",pidarr[i]);
}
}
if(pid != 0){
printf("All child processes were terminated. I will terminate myself now.\n");
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
the following code shows how to handle fork and child processes.
the code compiles cleanly, is tested and works
#define _POSIX_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main( void )
{
//int status;
srand(time(NULL));
int amount = (rand())%9+1;
pid_t fatherid = getpid();
printf("Hello I am a parent process, my PID is %d and I will now create %d children.\n",fatherid,amount);
pid_t pid;
pid_t pidarr[amount];
for(int i = 0;i<amount;i++)
{
pid = fork();
if( -1 == pid )
{ //then, fork() error
perror( "fork() failed" );
exit(1);
}
// implied else, fork() successful
//pidarr[i] = pid;
if(!pid )
{ // then child process
printf("Hello I am a child process, my PID is %d and my parent has the PID %d.\n",getpid(),fatherid);
exit(0); // exit child process
}
// implied else, parent process
pidarr[i] = pid;
sleep(1);
} // end for
for(int i = (amount-1); i >= 0; i--)
{
kill(pidarr[i],SIGKILL);
printf("Child Process %d was terminated.\n",pidarr[i]);
}
printf("All child processes were terminated. I will terminate myself now.\n");
return(0);
} // end function: main
I am not sure about other parts of your logic (e.g. the if clause inside the fork loop), but
if(pid != 0){
wait(NULL);
}
looks suspiciously as of the parent process waits for a child to exit so that it doesn't get to the code which would kill the children at all (unless they exit on their own, but then the killing seems pointless).
Some issues in your code:
1) As #Peter Schneider points out,
parent process waits for a child to exit so that it doesn't get to the code which would kill the children
So first of all, you have to get rid of:
if(pid != 0){
wait(NULL);
}
2) The for loop that kills the children has to be executed only by the parent process, so the if clause embraces the for:
if(pid != 0){
for(int i = (amount-1);i >= 0;i--){
kill(pidarr[i],SIGKILL);
printf("Child Process %d was terminated.\n",pidarr[i]);
}
}
3) The child processes have to wait doing something until parent kills them, so append the following else clause to the above if:
else{
while(1){
printf("I am a child process %d. Will sleep for 2 senconds\n",getpid());
sleep(2);
}
}
4) the following code makes no sense, because when children are killed they simply stop working.
if(pidarr[(i-1)] != 0){
printf("Hello I am a child process %d, I will terminate now.\n",getpid());
}
If you want children to do something when the signal from kill() gets to them, you will have to use signals.
Program::
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h> //standard input output header file
#include <unistd.h> // POSIX operating system API
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
pid_t pid;
pid = fork();
system("clear");
if(pid < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Fork failed to create process\n");
return 1;
}
else if(pid == 0)
{
printf("This is the child process \'%d\' of \'%d\'\n\n",getpid(),getppid());
execlp("/bin/ls","ls",NULL);
}
else
{
printf("This is parent process \'%d\' my parent is %d\n\n",getpid(),getppid());
wait(NULL);
printf("DONE\n\n");
exit(0);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
This is the child process '3979' of '3978'
This is parent process '3978' my parent is '3681'
DONE
vijay#workspace:~/Documents/os$ a.out os_fork.c
I am unable to understand why the execlp() got executed after parent process not along with child process
This is my code, I had simplified it.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
void signal_handle(int sig)
{
int status;
wait(&status);
}
int main()
{
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid > 0)
signal(SIGCHLD, signal_handle);
if (pid == 0) {
if (execl("/bin/ls", "/", (char *)0) < 0)
{
perror("execl");
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
When I run it, I found that, son process print the run result, but father process
was blocked.
what should I do, if a father has much son process? set wait(&status) for every one?
I'm very sorry for my bad english!
I don't see why the parent process would hang, and it doesn't on my machine.
After the fork(), the parent process invokes signal() to set the signal handler and immediately exits. The child, meanwhile, executes ls to print the contents of the current directory (because the "/" argument becomes argv[0], the program name, and there are no additional arguments). It then exits too. Except under very unlikely circumstances, the parent has exited long before the child completes.
If you want the parent process to wait until it gets the 'death of a child' signal, add a call to pause() in the parent-only execution path:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
static void signal_handle(int sig)
{
int status;
pid_t pid = wait(&status);
printf("%d: signal %d child %d status 0x%.4X\n", (int)getpid(), sig, (int)pid, status);
}
int main(void)
{
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid > 0)
{
signal(SIGCHLD, signal_handle);
pause();
}
else if (pid == 0)
{
execl("/bin/ls", "ls", "/", (char *)0);
perror("execl");
return -1;
}
else
perror("fork");
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <signal.h>
void sig_handler(int signal);
int pid, forkFlag = 0;
int main( int argc, char **argv, char **envp )
{
sigset(SIGINT, sig_handler); //handle ctrl + c
sigignore(SIGTSTP);
sigignore(SIGSTOP);
int ex, rv, status;
forkFlag = 1; //fork is being called
pid = fork();
if(pid == -1){
perror("fork");
exit(2);
}
else if (pid == 0){ //if child process
ex = access(argv[0], X_OK); //check if file is executable
if(ex){
perror("access");
exit(1);
}
else{
rv = execve(argv[0], argv, envp); //run program in child process
if(rv == -1){
perror("execve");
exit(1);
}
}
exit(0); //end child process
}
else{
rv = waitpid(pid, &status, 0); //wait for child
if(rv == -1){
perror("waitpid");
}
if(WEXITSTATUS(status)){ //check status of child if it did ot return 0
printf("The return status of the child was %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
}
}
forkFlag=0;
}
void sig_handler(int signal)
{
if(signal == SIGINT && (pid && forkFlag)){
kill(pid,signal); //send kill to child
}
}
I'm trying to make my program ignore ctrl + C, except when there is a child process running, then it sends the the SIGINT to the child process. However, when I press ctrl + c when the child process is running, waitpid() returns -1 with the error "Interrupted System Call." This makes the child process stop running, but if I use ps, the child process is still there, but now labeled as defunct. I know from printf statements that kill is being calle din the function sig_handler, and that pid and forkFlag are their correct values. Is waitpid() making my program ignore the kill? How do I fix this? I know this code does next to nothing, but it's a small portion of my code (the only part involving fork)
Thanks for any help.
The problem is that the child processes get the same overridden handler for SIGINT. You probably want to reset the signal handler in the child process after the fork, or you might want to install the signal handler in the parent after you've already forked the child, so it doesn't inherit the overriden handler.